Usage of Chinese punctuation marks

The function of dot is to break, which mainly indicates the pause of the sentence and the tone of the structural relationship. According to the different positions used, the dot can be divided into two types: the dot at the end of the sentence and the dot in the sentence.

1. The dot

at the end of a sentence includes three types: period, question mark and exclamation point, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished.

(1) period (. )

a period is used at the end of a statement to indicate a pause after the statement is finished.

For example,

① People all over the country, especially young people, should seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history since modern times.

② Please close the door.

we must go back today.

④ class is over.

No matter how long the sentence is, as long as the structure is complete and the meaning is independent, a period should be used after the sentence. An analytical sentence with a soothing tone (for example, ②), a declarative sentence with an emphasis (for example, ③), and sometimes a period is used when the main sentence of a single sentence (for example, ④) expresses the declarative mood.

(2) question mark (? )

a question mark is used at the end of a sentence to indicate a questioning tone.

For example,

Why did you come back so late today?

who is he? Where did you come from?

When using question marks, we should pay attention to the following points:

① Both rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are asked without doubt. The former only asks without answering, and the definite meaning to be expressed is contained in the question; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract the reader's attention, but both of them are interrogative, so they all use question marks at the end of the sentence.

For example,

When the war was fierce, didn't we walk back and forth in the fields looking for weeds?

who created the human world? It is our working people

② Although the choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence, expressing complete meaning, so only a question mark is not used in the sentence, and commas are used between the items in the sentence; But sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also use a question mark after each item.

For example,

Did she become a beggar when she went out from her fourth uncle's house, or did she go to grandma Wei's house first and then become a beggar?

are you going to invigilate tomorrow, or should I?

standing in front of them and leading them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose them?

(3) Some analytic sentences that express euphemistic mood can also be ended with question marks.

For example,

Would you please move the stool a little?

will you come here?

④ In some questions, the subject and predicate are inverted, so we should pay attention to putting the question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example:

What's the matter with you?

⑤ Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc.), they don't really ask questions, but express a declarative tone, so a period should be applied.

For example,

I don't know who he will meet at the station.

I'm fine, but I don't know what people think.

(3) exclamation point (! )

The exclamation point indicates the pause at the end of a sentence with strong feelings.

① indicates the pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence.

For example,

Once rooted, you are not afraid of being trampled and trampled, but you can get up again and again and blossom a dandelion with small flowers!

Sing for the return of Hong Kong!

② The tone is very heavy, and the strong analytical sentences also use exclamation marks.

For example:

Sister Xianglin, just leave it!

③ A rhetorical question with strong tone is followed by an exclamation point.

For example,

There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions!

④ Exclamation marks can be used for single sentences with strong tone, non-subject predicate sentences and exclamations with strong feelings.

for example:

long distance!

the plane!

ouch! You're going the wrong way.

⑤ After address forms, response words and onomatopoeia, and at the end of slogans, if there is strong feeling, exclamation marks are also used.

2. The dot

in a sentence includes four kinds: comma, semicolon, pause and colon, indicating the pause and structural relationship in the sentence.

(1) A comma (,)

indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

① In complex sentences, commas are often used inside clauses or between clauses.

For example,

Although the so-called reminiscers can make people happy, sometimes they can't help but make people lonely. What's the point of making the spiritual thread still hold on to the lonely time that has passed? But I can't forget it all. This part that I can't forget completely has become the source of Scream.

② When the subject of the sentence (complex phrase as the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or there are modal particles after the subject, a comma should be used after the subject.

For example,

This great blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down.

He is our head teacher, Miss Liu.

you are really disappointing.

③ The sentence predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, and the subject sometimes pauses, so use commas.

For example,

This stereotyped foreign writing has long been opposed by Lu Xun.

④ When the sentence object is long, use a comma before it.

For example,

I remember that she was a little girl who was not sensible at that time.

⑤ The adverbial is at the beginning of the sentence, and a comma is used after the adverbial.

For example,

In the blink of an eye, four piles of firewood are ready on the hilltop!

⑥ used between inversion sentence elements.

For example:

Come out, you!

around the lotus pond, there are many trees, and the mushrooms are full of vigor and gloom.

Our motherland is leaping forward at a high speed, along the road of victory. (adverbial postposition)

⑦ used between coordinate phrases.

For example,

Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and Shuangmashi are the five outposts of Jinggangshan.

Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, compasses, and plastic triangular rulers of all sizes occupy half a desk. (Because some of the juxtaposed components are long, there is a big pause)

Rice, wheat, cotton, chemical fertilizer, oil and coal are all materials that are purchased and sold by the state. (Because there are different levels among the items, commas are used to distinguish different parallel levels, and pause marks are used to indicate the juxtaposition of various components in the same level)

Correct use of punctuation marks

The correct use of punctuation marks in the following sentences is:

A. This economic cooperation zone has a large amount of scientific and technological information, a strong industrial base and a huge market for means of subsistence and production.

B. When the sun is completely hidden by the moon, compared with the looming "Haier-Popper" comet like a goddess, the clear mercury is shining next to the dark sun, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky.

C. In the first quarter of 1997, the publishing house reminded mail-order recipients that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the money order (the title and number of books purchased are indicated in the postscript column of the money order).

D. This spring, the coastal areas of this province will complete 37 million cubic meters of river embankment heightening and river mouth closure and diversion projects, which are heavy, difficult and large-scale.

(College Entrance Examination in 1997)

In order to use punctuation correctly, we must master the basic usage of various punctuation marks, which can be obtained by studying the national standard of Usage of Punctuation Marks (appendix to the third volume of the new textbook). Some punctuation marks are easy to make mistakes, for example, you can't use question marks between clauses in complex sentences, but only at the end of sentences. Sometimes it is easy to make mistakes when two punctuation marks are used at the same time. These common situations should be summarized and compared to get a clear understanding. Punctuation marks have great flexibility in use, and must be considered in combination with the ideological level of paragraphs in order to be used accurately.

[Compilation of College Entrance Examination Questions]

1. Fill in the following paragraph in turn. The correct punctuation marks at the five labels are (College Entrance Examination Questions in 1991)

Engels said: "A concise sentence, once understood, can be firmly remembered and become a slogan; This is absolutely impossible for a lengthy discussion. Comrade Mao Zedong also emphasized that speeches and articles should be concise. Chinese writers of past dynasties often take "meaning is more than time, words are less than words" as the criterion for writing articles, and strive to "have no words in each sentence, and there is no long language in the article." (Jiang Kui's Poems on Baishi)

a ". 。” ”，”。

B。 ” ”。 ”” 。

C ”。 . ””，”。

D。 ” ”。 ”。

the correct answer is B .. This question examines the application of quotation marks and brackets. When using a quotation, pay attention to the position of punctuation at the end of the quotation. Always use the quoted words independently, and put the dot at the end in quotation marks. If the quoted content is an integral part of the sentence, that is, the quotation has no independence, and the quotation part does not need a dot at the end [question mark and exclamation mark can be reserved], and the whole sentence pauses at this pause, so what dot should be used? Parentheses indicate the notes in the text. A word in a note or supplementary explanation sentence is called a sentence bracket. It must be immediately after the annotated words, and there needs to be a pause after the annotated words, and the dot should be placed after the parenthesis. If the comments in brackets are punctuated, the last punctuation [except question mark and sigh sentence] should be omitted. Annotation or supplementary explanation of the whole sentence is called parenthesis. If the annotation in brackets outside the sentence is a sentence, then the dot at the end of the sentence should be kept; If it doesn't work, don't use the dot at the end of the sentence. If you master the above principles, you will choose the correct answer B.

2. One of the following punctuation marks is () (1993 college entrance examination question)

A. "What on earth is this? Comrades. " The factory director said seriously.

B. I want to give grandpa a haircut. Grandpa smiled: "You? Wearing a hat on a broom-it's full of people. "

C. Is the basic knowledge solid or not? It has an important influence on further study in the future.

D. What about today? Or go tomorrow? I really can't make up my mind

the correct answer is B. The question mark in quotation marks in a should be changed to comma, and the period should be changed to question mark; The question mark in c should be changed to comma; The first question mark in d should be changed to comma.

3. The punctuation of the following sentences is correct () (1994 college entrance examination question)

A. Aunt Geng said to her son, "Dacheng, say hello when you meet people, and salute when you salute. Don't be afraid of jokes. As the saying goes,' It's not strange to salute many people'."

B. After the news came out that an overpass would be built in the west of the city, many people were very concerned about how this overpass would be built. What will happen to nearly a thousand trees there?

C. cicada larvae appear on the ground for the first time, and need to find suitable places-bushes, fences, weeds, shrub branches, etc.-to shed their skin.

D. The horse written by modern painter Xu Beihong, as some critics have said, "has both spirit and form and is full of vitality."

the correct answer is c: this question examines the difference between quotation marks and periods and the application ability of dashes, colons and question marks. The comma after "as the saying goes" in A should be deleted, because it is closely connected with the quotation behind, and there is no need to pause; The word "ma" should be taken out of single quotation marks, which is the modal particle said by "Aunt Geng". The two question marks in B are not used properly. If the sentence is read in a declarative tone, neither question mark can be used. If it is read in an interrogative tone, use a question mark at the end, and the first question mark should be changed to a comma. The quotation in D is a local quotation, and the period should be outside the quotation marks.

4. Among the following sentences, the correct sentence for punctuation is () (1995 college entrance examination question)

A. Three or four miles away from the other side of the river is a shallow mountain, like a thin wave microwave, with soft lines and winding ups and downs, connecting high and distant mountains.

B. Those who wear red vests in the stock exchange are brokers, while those who wear yellow vests are managers and service personnel; This is unified all over the world.

C. When he saw the advertisement in the newspaper that the graduate school of a university and the editorial board of China Culture jointly sponsored the Summer Workshop on China Culture and World Culture, he immediately wrote to register.

D. "Alas!" The writer sighed, "in the world of mortals, there is a vast sea of people. Isn't it a needle in a haystack to find an unknown stranger?"

the correct answer is D. This question examines the application of pause, colon and book title. The pause in A is redundant, because there is no need to pause between approximate numbers. The semicolon in B is not used properly, because in this sentence, the two layers before and after the semicolon are not juxtaposed, so the semicolon is changed to a colon (the sentence after the colon is a summary of the previous article). In C, the book title of China Culture and World Culture Workshop is wrong, because the book title is only used to indicate the book title, journal title and article title, so the book title should be changed to quotation marks.

5, the use of punctuation in the following sentences, the correct sentence is () (1997 college entrance examination questions)

A. This economic cooperation zone has a lot of technical information, a strong industrial base, a huge market for means of subsistence and production, and abundant resources such as animals and plants, minerals, oceans and tourism.

B. When the sun is completely covered by the moon, compared with the looming "Haier-Popper" comet like a goddess, the clear mercury is shining next to the covered sun, and Venus and Jupiter are also in the sky.

C. In the first quarter of 1997, the publishing house reminded mail-order recipients that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the money order (the title and number of books purchased are indicated in the postscript column of the money order).

D. In the spring of this year, the coastal areas of this province will complete the project of heightening the riverbank and intercepting and diverting the river mouth with 37 million earthwork, which is a heavy task, difficult project and large scale.

the correct answer is a. This question examines the difference between comma and semicolon, comma and pause, and the usage of quotation marks and brackets. If the quotation marks in 8 are improper, the "comet" should also be caused, or it should be simply removed; The comma after "beside the sun" is misused, and it should be changed into a semicolon, indicating that the front and back layers are juxtaposed, and the states of Mercury, Venus and Jupiter are described separately. C brackets belong to extra-sentence brackets, and the period should be added before the brackets. The pause in d should be changed to comma, which is a pause between clauses composed of three subject-predicate phrases; It is different from the pause between words in the coordinate component in A.

6. Fill in the punctuation marks underlined in the following paragraph in turn.