Main contents of community work

According to the actual situation of urban community work and the characteristics of community social work in China, community social work focuses on four aspects: social service, community employment, community public security and community education. Let's get to know it together!

Community service:

Community service in China began in the mid-1980s.

Due to the extensive fields and rich contents of community service, people's generalization of its system is not consistent. Some of them are divided into core content (key content)-welfare service, middle part (general content)-administrative service and marginal content (auxiliary content)-business service. Some are divided into services for special objects and services for ordinary residents from the perspective of service objects; Some start from the level of community service, which can be divided into formal level service maintained by welfare mechanism, quasi-formal level service driven by market mechanism and informal level of interactive mechanism.

From the perspective of social work, combined with the policy requirements and practical achievements of community service in China, the contents of community service in China include the following aspects:

1, welfare services for various vulnerable groups:

The so-called vulnerable groups refer to those who are at a disadvantage in economic and social competition, so there are various difficulties in their lives, such as the elderly, the disabled, the poor and the entitled groups. They have either lost their ability to work, or have no ability to work and live, or have serious difficulties in life because of problems such as being laid off and unemployed. The welfare services provided by the community specifically include:

(1) Welfare services for the elderly:

From the perspective of community service, there are mainly the following types: First, old-age service; Second, cultural and educational services; The third is health service; Fourth, re-employment services; The fifth is marriage service.

(2) Welfare services for the disabled:

The services provided through the community mainly include: first, rehabilitation services (mainly); The second is resettlement service; The third is life service.

(3) Welfare services for entitled groups:

The services provided by the community for the entitled groups include: first, implementing the government's preferential policies and carrying out the activities of supporting the army and giving preferential treatment to its dependents (mainly); The second is to help the entitled groups solve their daily life difficulties such as housing and medical treatment; The third is to carry out military-civilian friendship activities and set up training courses for military and civilian talents.

(4) Youth welfare services:

The specific contents are as follows: First, life care service; The second is off-campus education; The third is to help and educate young people who have lost their feet.

(5) Providing welfare services for the poor:

The specific contents include: first, through the efforts of community organizations, develop community services and help them find jobs again (mainly); The second is to implement the government's "minimum living security system" and provide them with necessary economic assistance; The third is to mobilize all sectors of society to carry out various forms of poverty alleviation activities.

(6) Welfare services for foreign business workers:

In recent years, the floating population from rural areas who have poured into cities for employment is on the rise, and most of them are employed in the fields of construction and commercial services, making contributions to urban construction. However, this group itself also faces many problems: First, a considerable number of floating population do not have proper jobs or normal sources of income, and at the same time they are unwilling to choose to return home, which leads to the emergence of "problem migrant workers". These people who violate the law in different procedures are increasing day by day, which brings hidden dangers to urban security. Second, even the floating population with legal jobs and normal income still has the problem of how to adapt to urban life and improve their humanistic quality.

2. Convenience and benefit services for ordinary residents in the community:

Different from general social welfare undertakings, China's community service has the dual tasks of "welfare service" and "convenience for people's lives", and plays the dual functions of social security and social service. (multiple choice)

Streets and neighborhood committees should take the services provided by ordinary people for the benefit of the whole people as an important task of community service, including: residents' life service, housework service and cultural life service.

Community employment services in China include the following aspects:

1. Develop community jobs and encourage various forms of employment;

(1) Developing community posts mainly includes:

First, combined with the multi-faceted and multi-level life service needs of community residents, we will vigorously develop service posts that benefit the whole people, such as child care and old-age care, delivery and express delivery, and maintenance, especially domestic service posts for residents' families and individuals;

The second is to develop property management in combination with the needs of enterprises, institutions and government agencies in the community to divest some social service functions.

Socialized service posts such as management, sanitation and cleaning, and commodity distribution;

Third, according to the needs of socialized management of enterprise retirees, develop jobs such as fitness, entertainment and life care for the elderly;

Fourth, in combination with the needs of community organization construction, open management and public services, we will vigorously develop community posts such as community security, market management and environmental management, especially community public welfare posts such as cleaning, security, green protection and vehicle care, and provide employment assistance to laid-off workers and unemployed people who are older, have difficulty in re-employment and have low family income.

(2) Encourage various forms of employment:

First, encourage and support laid-off workers and unemployed people to organize themselves to work in the community and establish various community employment entities such as community service enterprises that benefit the people and the people;

Second, actively encourage laid-off workers and unemployed people to establish small community service enterprises with less investment, flexible mechanism and strong adaptability in various economic forms such as individual and private, so as to realize self-employment;

The third is to encourage the employment-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises, labor employment service enterprises and other enterprises and institutions, street grassroots organizations and other community employment subjects.

2, publicity and implementation of preferential policies for re employment:

Since 1998, governments at all levels have formulated various preferential policies to promote the reemployment of laid-off workers and unemployed people:

(1) Preferential tax policies;

(2) Preferential policies for industrial and commercial registration:

Laid-off workers engaged in community residents' service industry can be exempted from administrative fees and other industrial and commercial management within three years to provide quality services for laid-off workers to find jobs and organize themselves.

(3) Financial service policies such as loan guarantee;

(4) Preferential policies for venue arrangement.

3, to carry out community employment services and employment training:

(1) Develop employment services:

According to the requirements of "Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Pilot Scheme for Improving the Urban Social Security System" (Guo Fa [2000] No.42), the employment service agencies of the labor and social security departments in China have expanded and extended their work functions to communities, and established a three-level community employment service network through overall planning and reasonable arrangement in cooperation with the civil affairs departments.

(2) to carry out employment training:

Community social workers should cooperate with street employment service agencies to carry out employment training and improve the employability of laid-off workers and unemployed people in the community.

4. Solve the practical difficulties of social insurance for laid-off workers in the community.

Community safety:

1, China community safety organization system;

In a narrow sense, the competent department of community security refers to the public security organs and police stations in charge of regional security work. Broadly speaking, the functional departments of community security include urban street offices, community neighborhood committees and security departments of enterprises and institutions in the community, which are closely related to public security work. In addition, the "public security committee" defined by our constitution is a mass autonomous public security organization.

2, the main content of community safety:

(1) Publicity and education work: (multiple choices)

1 Legal policy publicity includes explaining the Constitution, Criminal Law, Civil Law, Public Security Management Regulations, Traffic Regulations, Fire Protection Regulations, Labor Law, Minors Protection Law and other laws and regulations in various forms, as well as the principles and policies of the Party and the government on public safety at this stage, aiming at helping community residents to enhance their awareness of the rule of law.

The publicity of social security prevention knowledge, including the introduction of public security situation, the characteristics of incidents and the teaching of prevention knowledge (including civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense knowledge), aims to help community residents establish safety awareness.

(2) to assist the public security organs in their work:

1 mass prevention and mass treatment, that is, organizing patrol on duty, guarding the door and the hospital, safety inspection and other mass prevention and mass treatment work, and implementing preventive measures against security disasters and accidents such as theft, fire prevention and destruction.

Protect the crime scene and provide clues to solve the case. At ordinary times, according to the local environment and site conditions, the scope of site protection is quickly delineated, and vigilance is organized to prevent irrelevant personnel from entering the protected area.

According to the law, supervise and manage the criminal executors who are under control, deprived of political interests, declared suspended or paroled, and the defendants who are under residential surveillance, and provide assistance and education to those who commit illegal and criminal acts. For the above-mentioned special personnel, community organizations should set up a supervision and inspection team, which is generally composed of 3~5 people.

(3) Assist relevant departments to strengthen the management of floating population. Specific work includes: First, do a good job in publicity, focusing on the household registration regulations, ID card regulations, temporary population management regulations, and temporary population housing rental regulations; The second is to establish a household registration team, assist public security organs to publicize relevant laws and regulations, urge migrants to declare and register, assist in temporary registration, and pay attention to discovering suspicious circumstances; The third is to have a deep understanding of the population situation: on the one hand, we should have a full understanding of the basic residents of the community, find the backbone of the community residents, and cultivate and expand the volunteer team; On the other hand, it is necessary to monitor the key personnel in the community.

(four) to reflect the dynamics of community security to the government and public security organs, as well as the opinions, requirements and suggestions on community security management.

Community education:

1, the significance of community education:

2, the content of community education:

(1) From the basic goal of community education: (multiple choices)

1 compensatory education, that is, through community education courses and systematic activities to compensate the knowledge space of formal education that community residents have not obtained.

2. Control education, that is, through some publicity and education activities, focus on controlling behaviors that violate public morality and public order.

3. Develop education. This kind of community education focuses on people's all-round development, taps residents' personal potential and enthusiasm in knowledge, behavior, attitude and values, helps residents observe the society, discovers the imperfections of policies and systems, and gathers individual and collective strength to improve the society and create an equal and harmonious society.

The core of developmental education is to emancipate the mind and form critical thinking, and its key point is to raise residents' awareness, make community residents understand the responsibility of society to each individual and the protection of their rights, and at the same time educate residents to master the obligations, efforts and contributions that individuals should make to society. (a key point)

(2) From the service function of community education: (multiple choices)

1 Family life education usually uses lectures, exhibitions, groups and publicity activities to instill in residents the attitudes and methods of family communication and interpersonal relationships.

Civic education is the key content of community education in China, which mainly emphasizes relying on the community, facing all community members, especially community teenagers, and aiming at improving the quality of the whole people and cultivating new people with "four haves".

Adult education, the early work was mainly literacy, but at present it is mainly short-term courses to provide practical knowledge and skills, which also adapts to the development trend of "lifelong education" to some extent.

Health education is mainly based on the community, providing residents with health and disease prevention knowledge. In the field of social work practice, it also includes educational activities with the theme of "anti-discrimination" promoted by social workers.

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