Who is the modern feminist movement?

The early reformers, represented by Wang Tao and Zheng, were the first to feel the western concept of equality between men and women because they were engaged in the Westernization Movement and contacted foreigners. In their view, women's foot-binding and women's dropping out of school are the biggest obstacles to women's liberation in China, so they criticized them most fiercely. Strictly speaking, the early reformers' understanding of women's issues was limited to the emotional level, and there was no clear idea of equality between men and women.

Yan Fu translated Spencer's social Darwinism, holding that "the whole society will benefit from the competition among people as much as possible" and emphasizing the initiative of individuals, which further aroused China people's thinking on women's issues. Yan Fu said in "On the Establishment of a Girls' School in Shanghai" that "women can cross the ocean and come by themselves, so they can be equal to men. Our country suffers from the ignorance of politics and religion. Although there are talents, there is nothing we can do. This woman's ignorance has passed for a long time. "

Tan Sitong's idea of benevolence clearly embodies the thought of human rights and equality. His "benevolence takes communication as the first meaning", and "the image of communication is equality", which means equality from top to bottom and equality between men and women; He denounced feudal ethics as "patriarchy" and "unreasonable legal riots".

In terms of women's education, Kang Liang and other new Uyghur schools, after a preliminary investigation of women's situation in some advanced countries in the world, realized that women's education is not only a problem for women themselves, but also related to the strength of the country. Women's education is developed and their national strength is strong; On the contrary, its national strength is very weak. Based on this, they repeatedly stressed that women's education is "the source of world power" and that "we must learn from women" if we want to strengthen the country.

Zhang Zhidong is a westernization bureaucrat who enthusiastically advocates the prohibition of foot binding. Obviously, the reformist thinkers' view of women's liberation is less than the pity of the early reformists, but based on their rational understanding of the sense of national and national hardship. This is another symbol of the formation of equality between men and women.

Lu Cui, a woman from Xinhui, confidently put forward the political demands for women's participation in politics: first, "setting up a lady's court in the Summer Palace" as the highest institution for women's participation in politics; Then the Women's College selects 12 people as provincial departments, and sets up women's departments, and recommends some higher female students and boudoir at any time to "serve as directors in the Women's College", and selects talents to enter the Women's College and its subordinate institutions through the women's imperial examination to participate in and discuss politics.

Ma's translation of Women's Rights? Dahl Cultural Relics Competition, John? A series of western feminist theories, such as Maitreya's theory of women's oppression and the Second International's Manifesto of Women's Rights, came out, which played a theoretical guiding role in the deepening of women's liberation during the Xinhai period.

Jin Yi, known as "Lu Sao in China's women's field", was the first outstanding male representative who put forward systematic feminist thought in modern China. His book The Woman's Clock, written in 1903, is the first monograph on women who advocate women's rights in China.

In the decade before 19 1 1 years ago, advanced female groups, mainly female students studying in Japan, set off a wave of spreading feminist thoughts, which occupied an important position in the history of feminist thought.

Qiu Jin's feminist thought is quite representative. In Song of Women's Rights, she sang the common aspiration of women to "love freedom" and "save the country". The lyrics write: "We love freedom and encourage freedom with a glass of wine. Men and women have equal talents. Why not stay behind the cow?" I am willing to work hard to wash away the previous shame. If you are a colleague, you can save your hands. "

Gong Yuanchang profoundly pointed out in The Theory of Equal Rights between Men and Women: "Men advocate women's rights because women don't know their rights and want to give them to each other." Gong believes that this kind of unilateral gift can't really make women have the same rights as men: "If you want to give it to your husband, then a woman has completely lost her qualification as a free person. If she wears this feminist advocate as a benefactor for a long time, her net worth still belongs to the man" [7]( 19 1). Qin Yi's "On the Future of Women in China" even put forward: "If women don't recover themselves, they can't help others surpass them and increase the glory of my new China?"

Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Xiang Jingyu and other advanced elements with preliminary productive thoughts not only affirmed the ancient times, but also opposed the introduction of women's liberation into the track of bourgeois feminism, and put forward a theoretical system with improving women's social status as the fundamental starting point, establishing a socialist free and equal social system as the fundamental goal, political revolution as the fundamental way and working women as the fundamental force, which correctly revealed the scientific law of women's liberation. The formation and establishment of this theoretical system marked that women's liberation in modern China jumped to a new realm and level.