Introduction to the background of "Going East"

There are two concepts: broad sense and narrow sense. Throughout history, people in Shanhaiguan inland area make a living through customs, which can be described as "crossing the Kanto", which is broad. In a narrow sense, "going to Kanto" only refers to the history of people from the Central Plains going to Kanto to make a living from Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. What we usually call "crossing the Kanto" is narrow.

/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, the door of Shanhaiguan, which was left unlocked, was opened and the tide of refugees surged. People are the carriers of culture and information, and the flow of people is actually the flow of culture. The superposition of the wave of "Crossing the Kanto" means that the culture of the Central Plains has been promoted to kanto region on a large scale, and cultural exchanges have entered a new stage.

If the cultural exchange in the "closed-door" era is characterized by the "influence" of Central Plains culture on the inherent culture of Northeast China and the artificial interference of "closed-door", then under the open historical conditions, Central Plains culture spread rapidly in kanto region, making Central Plains culture and Kanto culture coexist in the vast Kanto.

Extended data:

The development of history

Dating back to the Warring States period, western Liaoning (west of Liaohe River), like Beijing and northern Hebei, once belonged to the rule of Yan State. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Yan Qian and Hou Yan also ruled here respectively. However, from Liaodong to Ming dynasty, it was still under the jurisdiction of Shandong government, and the Manchu entered the customs, cutting off the territory of Liaodong and Shandong. So Liaodong was forced to leave Shandong in the Qing Dynasty!

In other words, in ancient times, the Qing army entered the customs, and there was a close relationship between the customs and the northeast (at least with Liaoning). Although Nurhachi unified the Northeast in 1588, established the Eight Banners system and published Manchu (based on Mongolian), which led to the increase of the difference between the culture outside the customs and the culture inside the customs. In addition, the Qing government's "no farming" policy restricted the Han people from going through the customs, but all this could not stop the wave of crossing the Kanto!

Difficult to pass

1855, a rare flood hit Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions. The flood washed away the Grand Canal and the grain transportation had to turn to the sea. People who rely on grain transportation have to face serious livelihood difficulties, and in addition, various exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes in the late Qing Dynasty have become the main way for bankrupt farmers to redeem themselves by entering the relatively sparsely populated areas outside the customs.

Baidu encyclopedia-going to the east