New Year customs of Jiangxi people

Jiangxi customs and Ganpo culture:

Jiangxi Province, referred to as Gan. The province was named because Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty established the Jiangnan West Road in 733 AD, and because the largest river in Jiangxi Province is the Ganjiang River, it was abbreviated. "Looking from the north to the south of the Yangtze River, Jiangdong is on the left and Jiangxi is on the right." It is also called Jiangyou. Since ancient times, Jiangxi has a rich cultural heritage and rich products. It has the reputation of "a land of integrity, a land of white cranes, fish and rice".

Jiangxi Province is located on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the southeast of China, bordering Zhejiang and Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, Hubei and Anhui to the north, and the Yangtze River to the south. Jiangxi is the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Southern Fujian Delta. The straight-line distance from Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xiamen, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Hefei and other important towns and ports is mostly within 600 to 700 kilometers. In ancient times, Jiangxi Province was called "the head of Wu, the tail of Chu, and the people of Guangdong and Minting", and it was an "area of ??great shape".

The province has 11 districts and cities including Nanchang, Ganzhou, Shangrao, Xinyu, Jingdezhen, Pingxiang, Ji'an, Yingtan, Yichun, Fuzhou and Jiujiang, and 99 counties (cities, districts). Nanchang is the capital and largest city of Jiangxi Province. As of 2006, the province's population was 43.39 million, with a population density of 257/km, which was higher than the national average and lower than that of neighboring provinces. The birth rate was 13.80‰, the death rate was 6.01‰, and the urban population ratio was 36.68, which was lower than the national average. The male to female ratio is 105.13 (female = 100), which is higher than the national average. The Han nationality accounts for 99.7% and the She nationality accounts for 0.2%. The total land area is 166,900 square kilometers, accounting for 1.74% of the country's total land area, ranking first among the provinces and cities in East China. Except for the relatively flat northern part, the territory is surrounded by the Mufu Mountains, Wuyi Mountains, Huaiyu Mountains, Jiulian Mountains and Jiuling Mountains on three sides in the east, west and south. The hills in the middle are undulating, forming a huge basin that slopes towards Poyang Lake and opens to the north. There are more than 2,400 large and small rivers in the whole territory. Ganjiang River, Fushui River, Xinjiang River, Xiushui River and Pojiang River are the five major rivers in Jiangxi. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and the largest habitat for migratory birds in the world. Located near the Tropic of Cancer, the province has a warm climate and abundant rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of 1,341 mm to 1,940 mm. It has a long frost-free period and a subtropical humid climate, which is very conducive to the growth of crops. The province has a good ecological environment, with a forest coverage rate of 59.7, ranking among the top in the country. It is rich in mineral resources, including copper, tungsten, uranium, tantalum, rare earths, gold and silver, and is known as the "Seven Golden Flowers" of Jiangxi Province.

In the long history of Chinese civilization, talents from Jiangxi have emerged in large numbers, including Xu Zhi, Tao Yuanming, Qi Wuqian, Lai Hu, Lin Shihong, Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Yan Shu, Yan Jidao, Zeng Gong, Huang Tingjian, Jiang Kui, Yang Wanli , Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Jing Boring, Shi Xiaoyou, Wen Tianxiang, Yu Ji, Jiexisi, Xie Jin, Wang Dayuan, Song Yingxing, Wei Liangfu, Tang Xianzu, Zhu Da, Wang Youding, Peng Yuanrui, Jiang Shiquan, Wei Xi, Zhan Tianyou, Chen Yinke, Fu Baoshi , Hu Xiansu, Mei Ru'ao, Cheng Maoyun, Luo Longji, Huang Qiuyuan, Ouyang Jingwu, Gu Long, Yuan Longping, Li An, Liu Ban, Liu Chang and other writers, politicians, artists, and scientists are like stars shining brightly in the annals of history.

[Edit this paragraph] Historical origin

The history of Jiangxi development can be traced back to 10,000 years ago based on the research of unearthed cultural relics. As a clear administrative region, Jiangxi began in the early years of Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty (about 202 BC). Yuzhang County was established at that time, and the county governed Nanchang. It governed 18 counties, namely Nanchang, Luling, Pengze, Poyang, Yuhan, Chaisang, Gan, Xingan, Nancheng, Yichun, Yudu, Ai, Anping, and Haihun , Liling and Jiancheng, etc., the distribution area is along the Ganjiang River, Xujiang River, Xinjiang River, Xiushui and Yuanshui River, which is roughly equivalent to the later Jiangxi Province. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty divided the country into 13 supervisory areas, called 13 prefectures. At this time, Jiangxi belonged to the Yangzhou Prefecture.

In 291 AD, the first year of Yuankang in the Western Jin Dynasty, Jiangzhou was reestablished, and its main body was the original counties and counties in Jiangxi. In the Sui Dynasty, administrative divisions were adjusted, and the state level was downgraded to the same level as the county level. Therefore, the Jiangxi region in the Sui Dynasty had 7 counties and 24 counties. By the Tang Dynasty, the number had increased to 8 states and 37 counties, namely Hongzhou, Raozhou, Qianzhou, Jizhou, Jiangzhou, Yuanzhou, Fuzhou and Xinzhou.

In the first year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty divided the whole country into 10 supervisory areas. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the number was increased to 15. The eight prefectures of Hong, Rao, Qian, Ji, Jiang, Yuan, Fu, and Xin belonged to the Jiangnan West Supervisory Area.

During the Five Dynasties, the Jiangxi region governed the Southern Tang Dynasty (called Wu in the early Southern Tang Dynasty). During this period, new administrative divisions of 6 states, 4 armies, and 55 counties equivalent to lower states appeared. In the first year of Jiaotai, the central leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty decided to build the southern capital in Hongzhou, and therefore promoted Hongzhou to Nanchang Prefecture. In the Song Dynasty, the prefectures were converted into roads, and the Jiangxi area was divided into 9 states, 4 armies, and 68 counties. Most of them belonged to Jiangnan West Road, and some belonged to Jiangnan East Road.

The Yuan Dynasty began to establish the system of provinces in Xingzhongshu (referred to as provinces or provinces). The jurisdiction of Jiangxi Province is much larger than today's Jiangxi Province. In addition to including most of today's Jiangxi (the northeastern region of Jiangxi was formerly part of the Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces), it also included most of today's Guangdong Province. Yuanxing Province consists of roads, Zhili prefectures, prefectures (same as county-level administrative agencies) and counties. Jiangxi Province has jurisdiction over 13 roads including Longxing, Ji'an, Nankang, Ganzhou, Jianchang, Jiangzhou, Nan'an, Ruizhou, Yuanzhou, Linjiang, Fuzhou, Raozhou and Xinzhou and 2 Zhili roads including Nanfeng and Qianshan states, as well as 48 counties and 16 county-level states.

Although the Ming Dynasty basically retained the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty, it changed the title of Zhongshu Province to the Chief Envoy Department (still called the province by custom), changed the roads to prefectures, and changed the prefectures to counties. The Chief Envoy of Jiangxi Province has jurisdiction over 13 prefectures: Nanchang, Ruizhou, Raozhou, Nankang, Jiujiang, Guangxin, Fuzhou, Jianchang, Ji'an, Yuanzhou, Linjiang, Ganzhou, and Nan'an, and has jurisdiction over 78 counties. The area is basically the same as today of Jiangxi Province. At that time, it was recognized that the Proclamation Department, the Punishment and Prosecution Department, and the Capital Command Department were the highest administrative organs of the Jiangxi Chief Affairs Department. The three departments were directly controlled by the central government and were governed by decentralized powers. They were not subordinate to each other.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangxi Chief Envoy was renamed Jiangxi Province, and the administrative region basically inherited the Ming system. In addition, three county-level offices were established in Ji'an Prefecture, including Lianhua, Nanchang Prefecture, Tonggu, and Ganzhou Prefecture, Qiannan. At the same time, Ningdu County was promoted to a provincial-level Zhili Prefecture. The governor became the highest chief executive of the province, with the Department of Proclamation and Administrative Affairs and the Department of Prosecution and Prosecution, responsible for civil affairs, finance and judicial supervision.

During the Republic of China, all the prefectures, prefectures, and offices of the Qing Dynasty were changed to counties. Jiangxi Province has jurisdiction over 81 counties. In 1926, when the Northern Expeditionary Army stationed in Nanchang, Nanchang City was officially established. In 1934, Wuyuan County was transferred from Anhui to Jiangxi. In 1947, it was transferred back to Anhui. In 1949, it was transferred to Jiangxi again.

During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, the Communist Party of China led the people to establish large revolutionary base areas in Jiangxi. The famous ones include the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area in western Jiangxi (including the three counties of Ninggang, Yongxin, and Lianhua and parts of Ji'an, Anfu, Suichuan, and Ling County in Hunan), the Hunan-Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Area, and the Northeastern Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Area (including Yiyang and Hengfeng , Guixi, Dexing, Yujiang, Wannian, Shangrao, Qianshan and other counties, and later developed into the Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas) and the Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas including Tonggu, Xiushui, Wanzai, Yifeng and other counties. The central revolutionary base areas at that time were in 21 counties in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian (including 11 counties in Jiangxi including Ruijin, Anyuan, Xinfeng, Guangchang, Shicheng, Lichuan, Ningdu, Xingguo, Yudu, Huichang, and Xunwu), The provisional central government of the Chinese Soviet Union was located in Ruijin, so Ruijin was known as the Red Capital.

[Edit this paragraph]Jiangxi Humanities

Overview:

Jiangxi is known as a country of integrity, the essence of Gan culture, and the core meaning is : "Article, chapter, section, meaning". It can be said that since ancient times, articles and integrity have been equally important. It is not only one of the judgments on the main spirit of Gan culture, but also the life creed and pursuit goal followed by Jiangxi people.

Before the Song Dynasty, the talents produced by Jiangxi were not outstanding. Apart from Tao Yuanming, there were almost no other important cultural celebrities. However, in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, it rose rapidly and completely replaced Henan as the cultural center. (As far as poets are concerned, in the Tang Dynasty, "the master of Tang poetry left Zhongzhou", and in the Song Dynasty, it changed to "the master of Song poetry left Jiangxi". In the Tang Dynasty, there were "Li Du, Han Bai" and three Zhongzhou One person was from Shu; in the Song Dynasty, there was "European King Su Huang", three people from Jiangxi and one person from Shu), and this was maintained until the middle and early Ming Dynasty.

Moreover, the Song Dynasty was the pinnacle of Chinese culture, and the Song and Ming dynasties were the second era of hundreds of schools of thought in the history of Chinese academic culture, in which Jiangxi intellectuals were undoubtedly the protagonists. During the two Song Dynasties, many cultural giants emerged from the right side of the Yangtze River, establishing sects and leading the trend. Yan Shu, Yan Jidao, Ouyang Xiu, Li Gou, Zeng Gong, Wang Anshi, Huang Tingjian, Lu Jiuyuan, Yang Wanli, Jiang Kui, Zhou Bida, Wen Tianxiang and others are among the most outstanding representatives. This period was undoubtedly the splendid and prosperous period of Jiangxi humanities, and it played a great role in promoting the climax of Chinese culture, thus making an unparalleled contribution to the process of Chinese culture. huge contribution. From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi literati inherited the legacy of the Song Dynasty. In the field of orthodox culture, their achievements and status were still second to none, and they also operated at a relatively high level thereafter. The famous cultural celebrities produced in Jiangxi since the Yuan Dynasty include Ma Duanlin, Yu Ji, Jiexisi, Liu Shizhong, Wu Cheng, Luo Qinshun, Xie Jin, Wei Liangfu, Tang Xianzu, Song Yingxing, Wang Youding, Wei Xi, Zhu Da, Jiang Shiquan, Chen Sanli, Wen Ting Shi, Li Ruiqing, Chen Yinke, Xiao Gongquan, Fu Baoshi, Mei Ru'ao, Cheng Maoyun, Hu Xiansu, Huang Qiuyuan, Gu Long, Gong Liu, etc. can also be called Chaochao Xuanqi! Such a province that achieved the highest achievements in the heyday of Chinese culture should occupy one of them.

Gan School academics and culture:

The cultural school that originated in Jiangxi and was directly named after Jiangxi or its ancient names of Jiangyou and Yuzhang:

Jiangxi Xinxue , was founded by Lu Jiuyuan, a Neo-Confucian in the Southern Song Dynasty. Because he was from Jiangxi, it was called Jiangxi Mind Learning. It was the first typical subjective idealist philosophical system that appeared in the history of Chinese thought. This philosophical system was later expanded and expanded by Wang Shouren. Play and push to the peak. It has had a significant impact on China's academic thought and political thought. In the Ming Dynasty, there were "Seven Wang Schools". Among the seven schools, three major schools had the greatest influence: Jiangyou School, Wang Ji School, and Wang Gen's Taizhou School. The Jiangyou School adhered to the teacher's theory and maintained the basic views of Wang School, so Also known as Wang Xue Orthodox School.

For the Jiangxi Poetry School, Lu Benzhong wrote "Jiangxi Poetry Society Sect Map" between the first and second years of Chongning (1102), and selected poems by 25 people including Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao because of "its origins and origins" All come from Yuzhang", which is called Jiangxi Poetry School. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Du Fu, Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao and Chen Yuyi were regarded as one ancestor and three sects. People in the Poetry School opposed the Xikun style in their criticism of poetry, and followed the example of Du Fu, Han Yu, and Meng Jiao of the Tang Dynasty. They emphasized imitation, advocating craftsmanship, and focusing on contemplation. However, they required that "no word has no origin" and advocated "turning iron into gold" and "turning iron into gold." The method of "rebirth and reinvention". By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Tongguang Style was divided into three major branches. The Gan School was one of them, with Chen Sanli as the leader, learning from Han Yu and Huang Tingjian, and directly inheriting the Jiangxi School of the Song Dynasty, followed by Xia Jingguan, Hua Zhuo, Hu Chaoliang, Wang Xun, Wang Yi, Wang Hao and others may go in and out of the houses of Mei Yaochen and Chen Shidao.

Jiangxi Ci School, the Ci style of Feng Yansi in the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, Yan Shu and Ouyang Xiu in the early Song Dynasty broke the fragrant, ripe and soft style of Ci poetry without deep meaning represented by the Huajian School from the late Tang Dynasty to the early Five Dynasties. Ci contains deeper thoughts and more sincere emotional sustenance; it introduces poetry's metaphorical techniques in art, and draws nutrients from folk songs, which plays a pioneering role in the future prosperity of Song Ci, thus forming a world of poetry. The important school that inherits the past and connects the future is the Jiangxi Ci School of the Northern Song Dynasty with Er Yan and Yi Ou as the backbone. There are also: the Jiangxi Ci School of the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty with Liu Chenweng as the leader. Li E's quatrains say: Liu Xuxi, a bitter saying to send spring, chants to Hu Qiu's poem is extremely strange. If you don't read Fenglin Academy Style, how would you know that Jiangxi Ci School exists?

Jiangyou Poetry School, a Jiangxi school in the early Ming Dynasty, is represented by Liu Song (a native of Taihe, Jiangxi Province), who flaunts the Tang sound. In fact, the most profound influence on him was the rural sages Yu Ji, Fan Deji and Jie Xisi. wait. The later Taige style was a direct product of the Jiangxi style. The "Summary of the General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" said that Liu Song "with clear and graceful sounds, promoted the latecomers, and after the rise of Yang Shiqi and others, it became the broad style of Taige." As the founder of Taige style, Yang Shiqi successively served as four The minister of the cabinet of the DPRK and the prime minister during the peace period. Jiangxi's simple and natural poetic style is suitable for works that praise saints and sing for peace. Therefore, Qian Qianyi said: "The Jiangxi sect surrendered in the middle and returned to the east, and gradually moved towards the Taige. The world was humiliated and sluggish.

"

Yuzhang Society, "In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains was disturbed by clouds, and the literary society south of the Yangtze River was at its peak. Its most author: Ai Nanying advocated the Yuzhang Society, which was derived from the theory of Youguang and others. "Smooth its flow" (see "Summary of the General Catalog of Sikuquanshu"). They opposed the "Seven Scholars" before and after, and respected the "Tang and Song School" Gui Youguang. There are four great masters in Yuzhang Society: Chen, Ai, Zhang and Luo. Said that they were also committed to the writing of eight-legged essays, and competed with each other for the leadership of the domestic righteousness paradigm with the "Jinsha School" and "Loudong School" who succeeded Zhou Zhong of Jintan in Jiangsu and Zhang Pu of Taicang. p>The Jiangxi School of Painting is referred to as the "Jiangxi School", also known as the "Xijiang School". It is represented by the painter Luo Mu in the early Qing Dynasty. Luo Mu was a native of Ningdu (now Jiangxi). , the landscape painting was first taught by Wei Shitang, and later he studied Huang Gongwang. His brushwork was ethereal and he was quite famous in the Jianghuai area.

Ganxi Opera

Ganxi Opera is a high-pitched opera in Jiangxi. It has two major genres, namely Raohe Troupe and Xinhe Troupe. They merged in 1950 and then entered the provincial capital Nanchang. In 1953, the Jiangxi Gan Opera Troupe was officially established. Gan Opera. Gan Opera originated from Yiyang Opera in the Ming Dynasty.

The tunes of Gan Opera include [Gao Opera], [Er Fan], [Xipi], [Wen Nan Ci], [Qin Opera], [Lao Bo Zi], and [Lao Bo Zi]. Zhejiang Diao], [Pujiang Diao], [Kun Opera], [Bangzi], etc.

The Yiyang opera plays compiled and adapted after liberation include "The Story of Pearl", "Yu Chi Gong", "Zhang San Borrows His Boots", "Giving Clothes to the City", etc.; Qingyang opera "Double Worship to the Moon", "Hundred Flowers Presenting Swords"; Tan opera "Liang Zhu Marriage", "Borrowing a Girl to Make a Happy Anniversary", "The Legend of the White Snake", "Pretending to be Crazy and Cursing the Palace", "Meng Jiangnu", etc.; Kun operas such as "Wukong Borrows a Fan", "Xiang Liang stabs Liang", etc. Yiyang opera also includes "Journey to the Western Regions" adapted from historical records, "Return of the Soul" adapted from Tang Xianzu's "The Peony Pavilion"; Qingyang Opera. His dramas include the first and second episodes of "The Romance of the West Chamber", etc. His modern plays include "A Group of Mu Guiying", "Red Propaganda Agents", "Surprise Attack on Bianping", "Stealing Seeds", "Iron Shoulders of Hearts" and "Sacrifice". "The Story of the Pearl" and "Return of the Soul" were made into stage art films; "The Story of the West Chamber" adapted by Shi Linghe, Dong Jieyuan and Wang Shifu is known as "The Story of the West Chamber".

The narration of the play is based on Zhongzhou rhyme. The performing arts are divided into Laosheng, Zhengsheng, Xiaosheng, Laodan, Zhengdan, Xiaodan, Dahua, Erhua and Sanhua, which are called "Nine-Jiaotou". .

Famous actors in Gan Opera include Yan Youyuan, Yang Guixian, Pan Fengxia, Zhuo Fusheng, Tong Qingchu, Xiao Guixiang, Chen Guiying, Zhu Yuexian, Hu Ruihua, Duan Rili, Wan Liangfu, etc.

Attachment: Yiyang tune is the first of the four southern tunes: Yiyang tune is a shining pearl in the history of Chinese opera. As soon as Yiyang tune was born, it quickly filled the Chinese opera stage with its unprecedented artistic charm. He left an indelible mark on the Chinese opera stage, played the most high-pitched melody in the history of Chinese opera, created a new form of Chinese opera, and opened a new chapter in the history of Chinese opera. The free performance style and high-pitched melody of Yiyang accent are the result of the harsh social reality. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, through the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, Yiyang and its surrounding areas have been in constant war and famine. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, the number of households in Yiyang was 19,718, with a population of 51,653. By the sixth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the population of Yiyang County was only 11,801, a sharp decrease of four-fifths. It was the severe survival crisis that forged Yiyang accent into "Gao accent". Yiyang accent is a manifestation of the tenacious vitality of Yiyang people. The people of Yiyang are "hard-working, self-motivated, cautious and righteous," upright by nature and advocating religion. Yiyang accent casts the character of Yiyang people. Through the aesthetic activities of opera, I gained self-release, self-reduction, and self-intoxicating artistic enjoyment, and finally gained spiritual liberation and affirmation of my self-worth. The population of Yiyang decreased sharply in the Ming Dynasty. "Those who had the original households but people left, died and migrated, and the people who did not have the land were left in the world." From this, there should be a deeper understanding of the "Yiyang adjustment" during the Jiajing period. Understand and explain.

Porcelain Culture

Jingdezhen is world-famous for its rich production of porcelain and has the reputation of being the porcelain capital.

The "Yuzhang Ji" in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" states that Jiangxi is "excellent in vegetables, fine rice, and good at flavoring all directions." In the early Tang Dynasty, Wang Bo went to a banquet hosted by King Teng. He was so excited that he praised Jiangxi for its "natural treasures and outstanding people." Yuan Mei's "Suiyuan Food List" of the Ming Dynasty once recorded Jiangxi's famous dish "steamed pork with rice flour." Today's Gan cuisine is a "hometown cuisine" with a strong local flavor developed on the basis of inheriting the "literati cuisine" of past dynasties.

Nuo culture

Nuo culture is an ancient primitive culture and an important part of traditional Chinese culture. The ancient ancestors lived and reproduced by conquering nature. Their desire for survival required the help of religious (natural religion) concepts to transcend themselves. The descendants of the dragon created a splendid Wu Nuo culture with a great romantic mentality. "Nuo" is a way for people to avoid disaster, which means "to frighten away the evil spirits". Wu Nuo activities satisfy the psychological requirements of believers in terms of life consciousness. For a long time, the inheritance and spread of Wu Nuo style has been integrated into customs. Even in modern times, it still exists among the people in the form of traditional culture.

Wood and Nuo activities in Ganpo can be traced back to the Yin and Shang Dynasties. After three thousand years of inheritance and development, Jiangxi Nuo culture has formed distinctive features such as rich historical accumulation, primitive form, numerous cultural relics, and complete cultural system. Jiangxi Nuo activities are widely distributed, and many of their folk customs and influences continue to this day. According to 1995 survey statistics, 25 counties (cities) in the province have Nuo activities, and 247 Nuo dance and opera programs are preserved. Jiangxi Nuo is praised by academic circles as the "living fossil" of ancient culture and has attracted much attention. He was invited to perform and communicate in France, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan, which had a certain impact.

Jiangyou Merchant Gang

Jiangyou Merchant Gang, one of the top ten business gangs, was very prosperous and famous for its emphasis on Judd.

After the two Song Dynasties, Jiangxi became an advanced economic and cultural region in the country due to its unique natural resources and outstanding people. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi continued to maintain this economic advantage. In the Ming Dynasty, Jiangxi's population was second only to Zhejiang, ranking second among the thirteen chief secretaries in the country; due to its rich real estate, it was rich in grain, tea, ceramics, paper, cloth, wood... Paying taxes and grains was in the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty. Until the Wanli era of Ming Shenzong, it ranked first in the country.

The rise of Jiangyou business gangs in the Ming Dynasty was due to the shrewd Jiangxi people, who took advantage of the good geographical and economic environment on a more favorable economic basis and benefited from the Ming Dynasty's maritime ban policy at that time; the refugees in Jiangxi during the Ming Dynasty The movement was essentially a kind of economic expansion, which enabled the Jiangyou business gang to develop at that time, which is why the saying "there is no market without Jiangxi people" came to be.

The rise of Jiangyou business gangs made a great contribution to the economic development of Jiangxi. The prosperity of trade contributed to the glory of Jiangxi at that time: Jingdezhen, the "Porcelain Capital", became famous for thousands of miles; camphor trees had no medicine, but they became There is a saying in the "Medicine Capital" that "medicines are not as effective as camphor trees"; Jiujiang, located on the bank of the Yangtze River, became a very influential commercial port at that time. In the Jiangsu area at that time, it was said that "if there is no Gansu grain ship for three days, there will be a grain shortage in the market" "As a result, Jiujiang later became coveted by foreign powers; the prosperity of commerce promoted the rapid development of various industries in Jiangxi. Jiangxi, known as the "Granary of the South of the Yangtze River", was really prosperous.

Gan style architecture

The Gan style architectural culture represented by ancient villages in Jiangxi such as Le'an Liukeng and Anyi Luotian: its layout is simple, simple and elegant, and it has a strong sense of place. Unique Gan style residential architecture. From the outside, most of them are rectangular in plan, surrounded by empty half-brick walls, with uniform blue bricks and gray tiles, tall horse-head walls, and half-covered double roofs hidden behind overlapping horse-head walls. The walls have various shapes and are designed to be both fireproof and windproof. Inside, the layout is mostly two-in-three-bay, with one hall and one living room, three rooms in width, a hall in the open room, and a minister's room in the secondary room, which is symmetrical from left to right. The wooden structure is made of bucket-type beams, and depending on the purpose of use, the front eaves are often made into various types of pavilions, with beautiful and varied shapes. The bedroom floor is one and a half stories high, with the lower floor for living and the upper half for storage of belongings. The hall has no layers, looks tall and spacious, and is extremely majestic. The indoor floor is paved with long strips of blue bricks with horizontal staggered joints. The shrines are located above the side doors on both sides of the hall's treasure walls.

There are relatively narrow patios in front of the hall, which are not only used for lighting and ventilation, but also take the meaning of the four waters returning to the hall. They virtually connect humans and heaven, reflecting the situation of "the unity of heaven and man".

The interior decoration mainly includes wood carving (carving), brick carving (carving), stone carving (carving), color painting and ink painting. Its style is bright, exquisite craftsmanship, rich pattern and profound connotation, reflecting the Gan people The yearning for a better life, the admiration for "the unity of nature and man", and the respect for ethics and morality. The red stone lions from the Yuan and Ming Dynasties in front of the house of a "famous Neo-Confucian scholar" and on the ruins of the ancestral hall, and the Ming Dynasty paintings on the six-cup caisson in the Xiangtang Hall are all rare fine works of art. The brick murals of "Bird (Jue), Deer (Lu), Bee (Captain), Monkey (Marquis)" on the screen wall of Huaide Hall, a folk house in the Ming Dynasty, and the "Kilin Looking at the Sun" inlay on the screen wall of Yongxiang Hall are even more rich in themes. The craftsmanship is superb, unique in the country, and can be called the quintessence of the country.

Integrated into the natural mountain village environment, the unique and unique village layout, the elegant and ancient building complex, the perfect and practical drainage system, the exquisite architectural decoration, and the sentimental plaques and couplets are pleasing to the eye. Si’s family collection of cultural relics, long-standing family relics, simple and innocent folk customs, and colorful local culture... all constitute an environmental space in which man and nature are highly harmonious, and natural beauty and artistic beauty are harmoniously combined.

It can be said that Gan style architecture is not only an extremely gorgeous chapter in Chinese ancient architectural culture, but also an important representative of Gan style culture in Yuzhang.

Academy culture

Ancient academies once occupied an important position in the history of educational development in my country. Jiangxi is known as the hometown of humanities. In terms of academy construction, it started early, was large in number, and had great influence. It is famous for its characteristics.

The name of the academy began in the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty established Lizheng Academy and Jixian Academy in Chang'an, which housed school magazines and collected classics. The academies engaged in teaching activities probably began in the mid-Tang Dynasty, from about the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dezong (785-804) to the Yuanhe period of Tang Xianzong (806-820). Guiyan Academy in Jiangxi was founded during this period. Guiyan Academy is located in Gao'an County, Hongzhou, Tang Dynasty. It is located in Guiyan, Hongcheng, 60 miles north of the county seat, which is now Hualin Township, Gao'an County, Jiangxi Province. The founder of Guiyan Academy was Xing Nanrong, a native of Gao'an. Fortunately, Nanrong became a Jinshi in the 9th year of Zhenyuan (793), and Zeng Guan offered wine to the Imperial Academy. In 814, he retired and returned to his hometown, founded Guiyan Academy and "opened it to teach students." This is the earliest academy in the history of Jiangxi Academy and one of the earliest academies in China that gathers disciples to teach. In addition to Guiyan Academy, other academies in Jiangxi that were built in the Tang Dynasty include Huangliao Academy, Huxi Academy, Li Bo Academy, Dongjia Academy, Jingxing Academy, etc.

Since then, Jiangxi Academy has added more buildings. According to the "General Chronicles of Jiangxi" written by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty. According to statistics from "Academies", there are 368 academies in Jiangxi Province, including 5 founded in the Tang Dynasty, 2 in the Southern Tang Dynasty, 131 in the Song Dynasty, 36 in the Yuan Dynasty, 166 in the Ming Dynasty, and 28 in the Qing Dynasty. According to Guangxu's "Jiangxi General Chronicles" of the Qing Dynasty. "Academies" records that there are 526 academies in Jiangxi. Based on statistics from various other historical books, chronicles, notes, and inscriptions, some scholars believe that there were more than a thousand ancient academies in Jiangxi.

Gan language

Gan language, also known as Gan dialect, was called Xi language in ancient times. It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and is mainly spoken in most of Jiangxi, eastern Hunan, southwestern Anhui and other places. The number of speakers is about 51.48 million, and it is one of the seven major dialect areas of Chinese.

There are more than 60 counties and cities in Jiangxi Province where Gan dialect is spoken.

Including Nanchang, Jingdezhen (urban area), Pingxiang and counties and cities in Yichun, Fuzhou and Jinggangshan: Nanchang, Xinjian, Anyi, Jing'an, Fengxin, Gao'an, Yifeng, Tonggu (also People think that the popular Hakka dialect), Shanggao, Wanzai, Fenyi, Xinyu, Qingjiang, Fengcheng, Jinxian, Dongxiang, Linchuan, Jinxi, Zixi, Nancheng, Lichuan, Chongren, Yihuang, Le'an, Nan Feng, Xingan, Xiajiang, Yongfeng, Jishui, Ji'an, Taihe, Yongxin, Lianhua, Anfu, Ninggang, Suichuan, Wan'an; most counties and cities in Shangrao and Jiujiang: Poyang, Yugan, Wan'an Nian, Yingtan, Guixi, Yujiang, Yiyang, Hengfeng, Qianshan, Leping, Yongxiu, De'an, Xingzi, Duchang, Pengze, Wuning, Xiushui; Guangchang, Shicheng, Ningdu, Xingguo in Ganzhou area There are also towns and villages where Gan dialect is spoken in counties such as , Yudu, Ruijin, and Huichang.

In addition, Gan dialect is spoken in 13 counties in the eastern boundary of Hunan Province: Linxiang, Pingjiang, Liuyang, Liling, Youxian, Chaling, Lingxian, Guidong, Rucheng, Changning, Zixing, Anren, Yueyang, and Yongxing; 4 counties and cities in the northwest of Fujian Province: Shaowu, Guangze, Jianning, and Taining; 8 counties in the southeastern part of Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province: Tongcheng, Puqi, Chongyang, Tongshan, Yangxin, Xianning, Jiayu, Daye; Wangjiang, Dongzhi, Susong, Huaining, Taihu, Qianshan, Yuexi, Tongcheng and other counties in the Anqing region of southwestern Anhui Province

Hope to adopt