Nanjing defending war

Nanjing national defense background

1937165438+10 In October, the National Revolutionary Army lost in the Battle of Songhu, and Shanghai was occupied by Japan. 1 937 65438+February1day, the Japanese base camp issued "mainland No.8 order" and "order: the commander of China Zhili Army must cooperate with the navy to conquer the enemy capital Nanjing", and the detailed deployment was ordered to be carried out according to the instructions of the chief of staff.

Therefore, China began to prepare for the defensive operations in Nanjing, the capital, which is only 300 kilometers west of Shanghai. 1October 8th, 165438+, the Japanese army diverted to Nanjing,1October 30th, Guangde fell, and after the Japanese army reversed Nanjing's right, it formed the trend of encirclement from southeast to southwest of Nanjing.

The battle for Nanjing started.

1 937 65438+February1,Jiangyin fortress fell. On the 4th, the Japanese army completed the encirclement to the east of Nanjing. In this way, Nanjing's first line of defense-Jiangning, Niushoushan, Chunhua, Tangshan and Longtan-has been exposed to the enemy.

1937 65438+On February 9, guns were fired along the Qinhuai River in the southern suburbs of Nanjing. Japanese troops led by tanks conquered Gao Qiao Gate and advanced towards Guanghua Gate. On the Guanghua Gate in the night, Colonel Xie Chengrui, head of the second regiment of the first brigade of the Central Army Military Academy, looked into the distance and said nothing. At this time, it goes without saying that every soldier knows that war is coming.

/kloc-on the morning of 0/0, the Japanese army occupied the Tongguang barracks in the university field and shelled Guanghua Gate. Colonel Xie ordered his men to resolutely fight back and report the situation to the teaching corps. Lieutenant General Gui Yongqing ordered the artillery regiment to enter the city immediately and set up a position in the Ming Palace to support the Xie Tuan.

The Japanese army in the gunfire continued to charge, and by 3 pm, it had advanced to the moat. At eight o'clock in the evening, a Japanese death squad of more than ten people rushed into the gate hole of the outer city of Guanghuamen. Colonel Xie suggested that Gui Yongqing, who was supervising the war at the noon gate, set fire to the Japanese aggressors. After being approved, Colonel Xie personally led the soldiers to transport gasoline to the Outer City Arrow Tower.

At midnight, gasoline was poured into the gate of the city and set on fire. Suddenly smoke billowed and gunshots rang out. Before the fire went out, Colonel Xie ordered to open the city gate and led a row of soldiers to fight back. The Japanese invaders in Chengmendong were either burned to death or killed. Guanghuamen was impregnable, and Xie's head rushed forward and was burned by fire.

After the injured Colonel Xie withdrew from the position, he looked at the Guanghua Gate that stood tall. He saved Guanghuamen, but he didn't know that Yi Anhua, Major General of the 259th Brigade of the 87th Division of 7 1 Army, had died.

The battle of Tongjimen broke out in the afternoon of 10. The city wall collapsed in the fire, and the soldiers of the 259th Brigade fought to the death with the Japanese army. In the end, the gap was too large and the position fell. When the 259th brigade was panting, Wang Jingjiu, commander of the 7 1 Army, called the front command post. Command the 259th Brigade and the 26th1Brigade to quickly return to their original positions. With military orders, Yi Anhua made a phone call to Chen of 26 1 brigade without hesitation, and fought back at dusk. Although he knew this, his troops had been greatly weakened in the battle of two battles in Shanghai a few months ago.

Dusk is coming, and the rolling smoke in dusk makes the sky darker. After the attack signal was sent, Brigadier General Yi Anhua personally led a strengthening group to go deep into the northeast behind enemy lines. Chen led two reinforced battalions of the 26 1 Brigade to storm from north to south. The Japanese vanguard troops were sandwiched between the city wall and attack force of the 259th Brigade and the 26/Kloc-0 Brigade, and the Iraqi division and Chen division were sandwiched between the Japanese vanguard troops and the Japanese backup troops. In the melee, only gunshots and shouts were heard. Fighting late into the night, all the invading enemies were wiped out. However, Brigadier General Yi Anhua suffered many injuries to his head, waist and arms, and he bled to death. 37 years old.

On June 5438+0 1 day, the Japanese attack focused on Yuhuatai outside Zhonghua Gate. Responsible for defending Yuhuatai are the 262nd Brigade of the 88th Division in the right-wing position and the 264th Brigade of the 88th Division in the left-wing position. From 9th to 1 1 day, Yuhuatai position was continuously attacked by Japanese troops. Brigade 262 and Brigade 264 fought to the death by virtue of the terrain, without losing an inch of land. The Japanese aggressors' attack reached the most intense level at 1 1.

The Japanese offensive continued unabated under the constant reinforcements, and the casualties of Yuhuatai defenders became more and more serious. Major General of the 262nd Brigade and Major General Gao of the 264th Brigade have no soldiers to fight, and they have no reinforcements. The fighting continued until the early morning of 12, and the defenders with heavy casualties still firmly controlled Yuhuatai. The Japanese army suspended its attack and mobilized heavy artillery and planes to bomb the position of the 262nd brigade.

The artillery fire became more and more intensive, and the fortifications on the mountain became ruins in the bombing. The soldiers of the 262nd Brigade standing on the mountain were killed in batches. After the gunfire stopped, Japanese infantry swarmed in and never met with resistance. The 262nd Brigade of the Garrison was completely annihilated, and Major General Zhu Chi died at the age of 37. At this time, the persistence of the 264 brigade is even more difficult. With the support of artillery fire, the Japanese army has rushed to the position and started hand-to-hand combat with the defenders. The scuffle continued into the afternoon, and the gunfire, shouting and killing gradually stopped. The position of the 264th Brigade was lost, and Major General Gao Song Zhi was killed at the age of 39.

After the fall of Yuhuatai, the Japanese army gained the commanding heights and continued to attack Zhonghua Gate. By 12, Chang Zhi, 5 1 302nd regiment of the 74th Army in the garrison, was martyred. However, the defenders of Zhonghua Gate are still fighting to the death. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, Nanjing garrison headquarters called a meeting of the heads of divisions, and the commander Tang Shengzhi ordered the retreat.

Major-General Xiao Shanling, deputy commander of the military police headquarters in Qingliangshan and director of the capital police station, ordered the dispersed military police and police forces to assemble and retreat, leaving only two battalions of the military police training regiment to maintain evacuation order. When Xiao Shanling finished the aftermath of the retreat and reached the river, it was already late at night. At this time, thousands of soldiers sighed in Wangjiang.

Xiao Shanling decisively ordered everyone to find everything available and cross the river quickly. Under his command, the stragglers set up a raft and began to cross the river. Suddenly, intensive gunfire rang out on Zhongshan Avenue, and the Japanese army had already caught up. Xiao Shanling saw that the enemy was fierce, so he directed the skirmishers who had not crossed the river to retreat to both sides, and he personally led the gendarmerie to cover them. Eventually become a martyr. 45 years old.

The battle of Nanjing is over.

When most of the troops fled, the position of the Purple Mountain Teaching Corps was still fierce, and the second regiment on Guanghua Gate was still trying to fight back. When the evacuation order reached the 2nd regiment, it was already in the early morning of 13. The teaching corps was immediately ordered to transfer. At this time, the wounded and the captain of the ambulance team Xie died on the battlefield. 33 years old.

In this battle, China's army fought bloody battles with 65.438 million people and fought back bravely against the Japanese aggressors. However, the Japanese army advanced with eight divisions, and the defenders were attacked on three sides. The disadvantage of the last stop, coupled with the passive defense of the military authorities in organization and command, made the defenders passively beaten everywhere, and finally decided to break through without making a careful plan, resulting in a large number of troops trapped in the city and killed by the Japanese.

Influence of Nanjing Defence War

After the Japanese army captured Nanjing in 1937 12 13, it committed war crimes such as mass slaughter, robbery and rape on civilians and prisoners of war in the urban and suburban areas of Nanjing for six weeks. The International Court of Justice and China scholars believe that the death toll related to the Nanjing Massacre is at least 200,000 and 300,000. By analyzing the data of Nanjing Defence War, we can find that very few Kuomintang troops actually died in this battle. Most of them died in the chaotic retreat and the Japanese massacre.