Composition for the junior high school entrance examination

High School Entrance Examination Composition Review Materials

Course Standard Requirements: Be able to think independently about life phenomena and discover the meaning contained in them; be able to write your own essays based on your own study and life reality. Feel, express your own opinions, and express your feelings; be able to imagine based on your knowledge level and life accumulation, and express your thoughts on study, life, and future aspirations; be able to comprehensively use narrative, description, discussion, lyrical and other expressions, Write articles that are emotional, content, centered, and organized.

Proposition rules: The Ministry of Education's "Guiding Opinions on the Reform of High School Entrance Examination Propositions" clearly states: "There should be no barriers to review of writing, stylistic requirements should be downplayed, and students should be encouraged to write their true feelings and express their real feelings." Therefore, the high school entrance examination questions have the following Characteristics: 1. From the perspective of question type, topic composition has become the “new favorite” of propositions; 2. From the content perspective, “giving students something to say” is the only unchanging purpose; 3. From the perspective of proposition content, focus on growth Process, be close to life, pay attention to life and society, advocate virtue, reflect dialectical thinking and humanistic characteristics; 4. From the perspective of specific requirements, encourage innovation and choose your own style.

Propositional composition (semi-propositional composition)

How to review propositional compositions:

Expansion method: Add appropriate restrictive language to a topic with a small number of words , making it concrete and easy to write; compress questions with a large number of words and extract the main stem or central words.

Looking for the "eye" method: It is to find the "eye" of the composition title - the key word in the title. A. When a single word is used as the title, the focus of its meaning is often on the essential characteristics of the thing represented by the word, grasping its essential characteristics, or writing its symbolic meaning, or writing its metaphorical meaning. , or write its extended meaning, this is the question title; B. For questions with a positive structure, the questions are mostly in the partial part; C. For questions with parallel phrases, the title is the relationship between two things; D. , the title of a sentence, the predicate is mostly the title eye.

Tips for supplementing questions in semi-propositional compositions:

1. How to formulate the topic with specific things: Using specific things in the topic can help you see the big from the small, making the selection of materials novel and specific. (Such as "The Unforgettable Rainbow")

2. How to formulate abstract topics: turn concrete into abstract to facilitate expressing your inner emotions. (Such as "Perception of Spring")

3. Formulate topics for specific situations: Create a specific atmosphere and give people a space for people to have thoughts and daydreams, which can easily trigger people's rich associations. (Such as "I Want to Take a Look at You Again")

4. Question-formulation method with special symbols: Use special symbols or formulas from subjects such as mathematics, physics and chemistry to formulate questions, which is vivid and refreshing. (Such as "Failure, Failure = Success")

5. Block-divided question-writing method: "Cut" the written content into several small pieces, and choose one to write. (Such as "Yesterday's Thoughts")

Topic composition

The so-called "topic" is the center of the conversation and the reason for the conversation.

1. Question review

The question stem of topic composition generally consists of four parts: background language, revelation language, topic language and emphasis language.

A. It is necessary to understand the material thoroughly and establish opinions based on the intention of the proposition;

B. It is necessary to understand the material accurately and grasp the key issues to think about the idea;

C. See the topic clearly and avoid going outside the scope of the proposition.

2. Preparing the topic

A. Preparing the topic using quotation (replacement): clever use of words; clever use of terminology; borrowing names to formulate the topic; using lyrics and phrases; quoting famous poems.

B. Rhetorical question formulation

C. Suspense question formulation

D. Symbolic question formulation

E. Parallel style Formulating the topic

3. Idea

A. Turn the big into the small, and the meaning into the image; B. Find a new way.

4. Style

A. Inscription style; B. Subtitle style; C. Prose poetry style; D. Letter style; E. Diary style; F. Script style.

5. Language

A. Make good use of rhetoric to show the charm of language; B. Use humor skillfully to add interest and beauty to the article; C. Integrate thinking and let the language exude philosophy. ; D. Understand plastic arts and turn language into beautiful images.

Material composition

Material composition includes text materials and picture materials.

1. Knowledge related to material composition

1. Characteristics of material composition:

(1) Combination of reading and writing. Candidates must read, analyze, refine, Only after association and expression can the writing task be completed;

(2) Prepare your own topics, regardless of style, encourage students to write about their true feelings, and encourage students to write about their personality and creativity.

2. The form of composition based on materials:

(1) Written materials and conceptual composition. (2) Comic materials, look at pictures and write text. (3) Expansion, continuation, rewriting, abbreviation, reflections after reading, etc.

2. Strategies for writing materials: 1. Understand the materials; 2. Clarify the requirements.

(1). Composition based on text materials

1. Structure: material requirements (must be related to the material. Understand the material and determine the main idea).

2. Question review and comprehension: See clearly the requirements (topic formulation, style, text, content, etc.), and determine the concept and structure.

3. Specific suggestions: Use materials rationally, do not avoid materials and start from scratch.

Narrative: analyze the content of the material and contact relevant people or things. Beginning: "After reading the above materials, I remembered..." or "In my life experience, there is also such a person." At the end, use appropriate discussion to compare the person or thing described with the person or thing in the material to add the finishing touch.

Argumentative essay: Materials can be used from the following perspectives: 1. To introduce ideas. Quote materials → draw an argument. 2. Make arguments. Quotes can be copied; quotes can be summarized. 3. Make a title, such as "Start from...", "... Enlightenment to me", "... taught me how to be a human being", "On...", etc. 4. Make a conclusion that echoes the previous text (including the title and beginning), and echoes the beginning and end.

(2) Look at pictures and write articles

Single cartoons and comic strips: The center is usually very concentrated, revealing a certain truth by satirizing a certain bad phenomenon or praising a certain social virtue.

The key to reading pictures and writing articles: Understand the "intention of the picture" (the center of the picture, the relationship between characters, the course of events, spatial orientation, logical relationships, etc.).

Style selection: narrative (completed with the help of imagination); expository (introducing the composition, composition, main content of the picture, etc.); argumentative (solving questions such as "what", "why" and "how").

Prevent mistakes: throw away the picture and start a new one; misunderstand the picture and the article is wrong; do not know the purpose and follow the reins.

(3) When expanding, continuing, rewriting, and abbreviating, pay attention to the content, person, emotional tone, etc.; when writing after-reading, you must understand the material and accurately refine the arguments.

3. Avoid losing points for unnecessary writing (not caused by poor writing skills and other intellectual factors)

1. Keep the writing surface clean and tidy; no dragons and phoenixes, smearing here and there, and arrows flying randomly. , I can’t write anymore and write “no” in a big circle.

2. Write questions according to the rules. Don’t forget to formulate the topic; write it in the center of the first line; don’t use the topic as the title.

3. Reject the three-stage formula. 5-8 paragraphs are appropriate, each paragraph should be clearly detailed and both long and short should be considered.

4. Consider the number of words. 1 point will be deducted for 50 words less and 2-3 points will be deducted for 100 words less.

5. Standardize the use of punctuation. Punctuation marks should occupy two spaces; do not commemorate them one at a time; dashes, ellipses, book titles, and quotation marks should occupy two spaces, and other punctuation marks should occupy one space. Also note that punctuation marks such as pauses, commas, points, bolds, sentences, questions, and exclamations are not at the beginning of a line; book titles and the first half of quotation marks are not at the end of a line. In special circumstances, leave the punctuation mark "grievance" at the end of the line or move it to the lower line.

6. Pay attention to confidentiality. Do not disclose your real name, place name, or school name, and you must abide by the examination room rules and examination room ethics.

Attachment 1: How to read an article in a short time

This method requires three tools: a concentrated attention, a thinking mind, and diligence. pen.

When you come into contact with an article, you must first concentrate. This is the key to understanding the article. If you cannot concentrate when reading the article, the information of the article will not leave traces in your mind. , then it is difficult to understand the article. If you don't gain anything after reading it, you will become impatient. The more impatient you are, the harder it will be to calm down and read the article. The more you can't understand, the more upset you will be, forming a vicious circle, and the final effect will be poor.

At this time, you might as well force yourself to calm down, concentrate, hold a pen in your hand, point the pen at the reading content, follow the pen with your eyes, and think about the content under the pen tip, so that the article The content will leave an impression on the mind.

At the same time, we must further use the pen well, that is, making marks. One is to mark words that you don’t know or understand. These may be obstacles for you to understand the article, but not every new word is like this. Some words do not affect your reading, and some people know their general meaning through the context, so you don't need to worry about them. Just ignore the new words that may hinder your understanding of the article. Because you have marked them, you can see them clearly at a glance and you can quickly solve them by looking up the reference book.

The second is to mark special sentences. These special sentences are often the test points of the article. What are the special sentences, the central sentence of each paragraph, the sentence that points out the theme of the article, the sentence that connects the previous and the following, the sentence that uses rhetorical techniques, the philosophical sentence, the sentence with rich vocabulary, and the beautifully written sentence, etc. It is what should be tested in the Chinese language test, and it is also the material for the proposer.

Making these marks also requires using your brain. That is to say, during the reading process, your brain must actively participate in reading, judge the reading information at any time, and make marks and annotations. Of course, this also requires you to accumulate basic Chinese knowledge, which is more conducive to improving your speed in judging special sentences, thereby improving reading efficiency.

If you can follow the above method steadily during the reading process, you can almost read a simple article in one go. If it is a little more difficult, you only need to study the marks made a little bit. Understand it and be able to answer the following questions. The three tools complement each other. During the reading process, you need to concentrate, use your brain, and be diligent in writing. This will produce a reading effect of twice the result with half the effort.

Appendix 2: How to start an essay

"Everything is difficult at the beginning." A good beginning can add color to the article and arouse the interest of the marking teacher. The beginning of the article should be clean and crisp, not wordy, and get to the point quickly. Even if you want to achieve a certain expression effect, you must quickly get into the topic after slight modifications, and avoid making modifications that are too long.

Strategy Interpretation

1. Direct approach. This is the most common and applicable method. Do not add any modifications at the beginning and go straight to the point. This method is clean, concise and easy for readers to accept, and is suitable for narratives, argumentative essays and other literary styles. For example, the excellent composition "Smile to Yourself" begins: Get up in the morning, smile to yourself, and let yourself go out with a good mood; come back at night, smile to yourself, and wish yourself a sweet dream. Yes, smiling to ourselves is an important way for us to be happy.

2． suspense method. Setting questions at the beginning of the article can attract readers to read further, allowing readers to find out the answer or click on the answer to the question at the end of the article. For example, the 2004 College Entrance Examination masterpiece "The Character of Culture" begins: Everything has a character. The character of water is agile; the character of mountains is calm. Culture should also have its own character, but what is the character of culture? Is it the agility of water or the stability of mountains?

3． Rhetoric. At the beginning of the article, using one or two appropriate figures of speech can give people a very deep impression. For example, the excellent composition "What is Beauty" begins with: "Bang!" Following the sound of a hammer, Mr. Question Mark cleared his throat and said, "The space-time discussion has officially begun. Today our theme is 'What is Beauty?' , all scholars from different eras and countries are invited to speak actively. ”

4. Citation method. Quote one or two famous aphorisms at the beginning that are relevant to the topic. On the one hand, it can highlight the theme, and on the other hand, it can also add literary grace to the article.

For example, the excellent composition "The Saint and the Thief" begins: In a church in the Middle Ages, a saint began his speech: "The reason why I became a saint is because I have seen through money, and what is mine belongs to everyone." The long years pass with the snap of a finger. In a prison across the century, a thief began his life monologue: "The reason why I became a thief is because I saw through money, and what belongs to everyone is mine."

5. Inscription method. For example, the 2004 college entrance examination masterpiece "Go on the Road with Confidence" begins: "When you are at the helm on the river of life, what controls you is not the waves, but the unchanging compass in your heart: self-confidence. - Inscription"

In short, in terms of method, you can set questions to whet the reader's appetite; you can go straight to the point and get to the point; you can use figures of speech to create an atmosphere; you can open the chapter lyrically to tug at the reader's heartstrings; you can quote famous quotes to appear concise. And profound. No matter which method you use, you should try to avoid being pretentious, piling up, and saying nothing.

Tip 1: Design suspense to attract readers

I am going to die——

I am lying on the hospital bed, surrounded by darkness and silence. , in the huge room, only my faint breathing could be heard. The nurse would only come in when it was time to take medicine or give an injection, and she rarely talked to me. I'm used to it and I don't complain too much because I know I'm going to die. I stared out the window and told myself to face death calmly. (Selected from the 2002 Shaanxi Provincial High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Feeling the Beauty of Life")

Tips: There is a suspense at the beginning of this article: "I" am going to die. So the reader can’t help but be attracted and wonder, how could he be dying? What disease does he have? What will happen when it comes? This series of questions naturally brings your attention to the following, making you eager to know what is going on. This opening method captures people's curiosity when reading, and is carefully designed to attract readers to read, and the effect is very good.

Tip 2: Get straight to the point and make your point clear

Friends, when you see piles of garbage as high as hills, streams and rivers that smell bad, and streams of harmful gases that poison the human body How did you feel? At that time, I was not so angry that I wanted to shout loudly: "Please pay attention to the living environment of mankind!" (Selected from the full score essay "I am concerned about the living environment of mankind" in the 2002 Guangdong Provincial High School Entrance Examination)

Tips: Examination room When writing an argumentative essay, you must clearly show your point of view. When writing, it is a common but practical method to get straight to the point and make your attitude clear. This article begins with a question, one question and one answer, concise and powerful, clearly stating one's own views and laying the foundation for the discussion that follows.

When you are in pain, you will go home and vent your tears; when you are upset, you will go home and let the warmth of home dispel the dark clouds in your heart; home - sadness is melted into it and resolved. Home is happiness; home-accepts sadness and releases happiness. Home is so nice! (Selected from the 2003 Yunnan Provincial High School Entrance Examination essay "Home is So Good")

Tips: Narratives can also get straight to the point. You see, this article uses the form of parallelism to express my feelings about "home" without any concealment, which sets the tone for the whole article.

Skill 3: Associative memories and clever narration

In the independent courtyard, the moonlight is like water, flowing quietly around me. I feel the coolness of my heart sinking to the bottom of the water, which arouses my concern. I miss you endlessly! I remember it was also such a moonlit night when I put you on a train bound for a foreign land...

At a young age, you were struggling alone in a foreign land. Is everything okay? (Selected from the 2002 Henan High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "When I Faced the "Mollowing Moonlight"")

Tips: In the high school entrance examination, there are often retrospective essay questions that require candidates to recall what happened in the past. something. At this time, you might as well think about memories and trigger thoughts. This method was introduced at the beginning of this article. The moonlight is written first in the article. The melting moonlight triggers the association of "I" and reminds me of the story that also happened on such a night. This kind of beginning is filled with a strong emotional atmosphere, which is conducive to expressing emotions.

"Go home often, go home and see..." The song echoed in the sky above the room. Dongzi held his father's letter, tears overflowing his cheeks. It has been three years since Dongzi left home. A letter from his father in the past three years has turned the hatred in Dongzi's heart to nothing. Dongzi covered his head and thought, and his thoughts returned to three years ago. (Selected from the 2003 Gansu Provincial High School Entrance Examination full-score essay "Go Home Often and Have a Look")

Tips: This article starts with a popular song, triggering the characters in the article to think and returning their thoughts to the past. The time when the story takes place is cleverly explained.

Tip 4: Highlight contradictions and exaggerate the atmosphere

"Stop being a secretary as soon as possible. It will be of no use at all!" About a hundred meters away, I smelled a strong smell of gunpowder, heard my mother scolding my father, and a feeling of "dark clouds over the city" violently hit my heart. My mother is also very troublesome. She always interferes with everything my father does, and sometimes gets angry if he doesn't do it. Fortunately, my father, the prime minister, was able to support the boat. Every time, my mother would let the storm pass, and then use a few words to clean up the mess. I don’t know why today. (Selected from the 2002 Hubei Xiantao High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "The Storm of the "Democracy Wall"")

Tips on skills: Writing narratives must be good at creating contradictions, and developing storylines in contradictions can attract people. This article raises a contradiction at the beginning. The purpose is to quickly capture the reader's heart and arouse the reader's interest in reading.

"It's too hot this summer, I might as well buy an air conditioner tomorrow!" Mom said while eating.

"Buy an air conditioner, buy an air conditioner, you only know how to enjoy it! You should save some money for your children to go to college in the future. I simply don't plan on it." Grandma nagged, and the smile disappeared from her face.

"You, an old man, should enjoy yourself. You are 70 years old this year, how long can you live?" Mom replied casually.

I wonder: they sometimes talk incoherently, but rarely have conflicts. The atmosphere today is very tense. People often say that the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are not related by blood, so it is difficult to get along well. (Selected from the 2003 Chongqing Municipal High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Responsibility")

Tips: Only when a story has contradictions will it be attractive. In the process of generating contradictions and resolving them, the tortuousness and reliability of the article must be taken into account. Readability will be greatly enhanced. This article shows the conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law at the beginning, laying a solid foundation for the further development of the story.

Skill 5: Use rhetoric skillfully to show literary talent

Love is a ray of sunshine in winter, which dispels the biting frost; love is a sweet rain after a long drought, nourishing It heals the cracked heart; love is a beacon in the ocean, pointing out the hope of new life. (Selected from the 2002 Hubei Jingzhou High School Entrance Exam full score essay "Bringing Love to Others")

If I were a bird, I would remember the nest where I was born; if I were a sapling, I cannot forget that place. The land that nourishes me; if I were a river, the snowy plateau would become a mark in my memory; if... no matter what I am, no matter how I exist, I can forget everything around me, and even abandon myself, but There is one thing that cannot be destroyed - reward. (Selected from the 2002 Guiyang City High School Entrance Exam full score essay "Interpretation of Return")

When the moonlight is shining, I hold a handful of the clearest; when the afterglow falls, I hold a wisp of the warmest; when the red leaves are scorching, I pick up a piece The hottest; the luxuriant fragrance, I pick a bunch of the most splendid; treat others with kindness, treat others with kindness, treat others with kindness. (Selected from the 2003 Jiangxi High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Being Kind to People")

I often hear old people say: "I have walked on more bridges than you have walked on!" At that time, I was thinking, What exactly is a bridge? Is it just the two old locust trees at the west end of the village that are superimposed on each other and are the "bridge" that we must cross to go to school? (Selected from the 2003 Shanxi Provincial High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Beautiful Bridge")

Tips on skills: Rhetoric is an indispensable part of language use. The use of clever and appropriate rhetorical techniques can often add a lot of elegance to the language. In the examination composition, if candidates can skillfully use rhetorical techniques to dress up language, they will definitely get good results.

Among the above examples, the first example uses metaphors and parallelism techniques, the second example uses imitation and parallelism techniques, and the third example uses parallelism and word repetition techniques to vividly explain one's views and express one's inner true emotions. The language Bright and colorful, it is refreshing to read; the fourth example adopts the questioning method, setting questions first and then unfolding the story, which is very attractive and can easily arouse readers' interest in reading. With such an extraordinary beginning, it will naturally make a good impression on the marking teacher.

Tip 6: Describe the environment and enhance the background

Outside the classroom, the whistling north wind carried dense raindrops and beat against the wall, making a "cha, clatter" sound. In the classroom, an all-round competition examination reached a fever pitch. (Selected from the 2002 Hubei Xiantao High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Build a Wall in the Heart")

The purple-red sunset fills the entire sky, and there is also a blood-like sunset, so warm The picture shows the warmth and calmness of "the most beautiful thing is the red sunset", which is so warm that it makes people intoxicated and fascinated. (Selected from the 2002 Hubei Jingzhou High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Bring the beauty of dawn to me who was once lost")

The evening wind blew through the last ripple on the river, and the setting sun put away its last afterglow, Qiu Shuangmu sent off the last returning goose. We stood in silence, our eyes wandering away from the distant door of memory. When many things have passed, when many things have withered, we can at least say to ourselves: "Don't be sad, I have experienced that feeling, although I only had it once." (Selected from Anhui in 2003. The full score essay for the high school entrance examination is "Once Possessed")

Tips on skills: All scene language is love language. In the writing of narratives and prose, environmental description is indispensable. Environmental description can exaggerate the atmosphere, set off the characters, and promote the development of the storyline. If you give a concise description of the environment at the beginning of the article, it can not only provide a specific background for the article, but also create a special atmosphere for the article.

At the beginning of the above three paragraphs, the first paragraph describes the arrival of a heavy rain in order to set the background for the exam in the classroom and create a tense atmosphere. The second paragraph describes the scene of the sunset. It mainly lays the foundation for the following paragraphs to write about one's own life feelings. It is a trigger point of emotion. The third paragraph uses the description of "evening breeze", "sunset" and "autumn frost" to set off the mood of the characters at this time. The writing method of three paragraphs is simple but very practical and effective. It can greatly arouse readers' interest in reading.

Tip 7: Extensive quotations, highlighting the theme

"Please take my song back to your home, please leave your smile..." Whenever it rings in your ears Listening to the familiar melody, I feel as if I have met an old friend I haven't seen for many years, and I feel particularly cordial. (Selected from the 2003 Gansu Provincial High School Entrance Examination full-mark essay "Singing and Smiling")

The famous scientist Edison said: "Confidence is the first secret of success." Yes, you can achieve success if you have confidence and keep working hard. success. (Selected from the 2003 Henan Provincial High School Entrance Examination Full Score Essay "Only Self-Confidence Can Succeed")

"The moon is hazy, the birds are hazy, and the curtains are rolled with red begonias."

Whenever I chant This poem brings unspeakable intoxication to my heart. My heart is hazy, my eyes are also hazy, and a picture is really unfolding before my eyes. (Selected from the 2003 Jilin Provincial High School Entrance Exam full-mark essay "Intoxication")

Technical tips: The quotation method is a very common way to start an article. The content of the quotation is very rich. If it is an argumentative essay, it is often quoted. Famous quotes can enhance the argumentation effect and highlight the theme, as in the second example above; if it is a narrative or prose, you can quote lyrics and poems to trigger the following and facilitate the narrative and lyricism, such as the first and third examples above. In addition, you can also quote ancient proverbs, proverbs, couplets, etc.