The Event Process of the December 9th Movement

1in the early morning of February 9, 935, patriotic students' anti-Japanese anger erupted like a volcano. Students from Northeastern University, China University, Beiping Normal University and other schools held banners and slogans and went to xinhua gate respectively. Nearly 1000 patriotic students from Tsinghua University and yenching university are far away from the city. When they arrived at Xizhimen, the city gate had been closed by the military and police, and the petitioners could not enter the city. Students from the two schools held a mass meeting in Xizhimen area to publicize the anti-Japanese war to nearby residents and the military and police guarding the city.

At 10: 30 in the morning, a petition team of 1000 people from more than ten schools including China University, Beiping Normal University and Northeastern University gathered in front of Xinhua. Xinhua gate is closed. There are police cars and motorcycles with machine guns in front of the door. Both the gendarmerie and the gendarmerie are equipped with knives and guns. Petition students hold high flags, hold slogans and shout slogans of resisting Japan and saving the nation. Elected Dong Yuhua, Yu Gang, etc. 12 people to meet with him, and put forward six demands, such as opposing the establishment to prevent * * *, stopping the civil war, and immediately releasing the arrested students. In the morning 1 1, Hou Cheng, Ho's secretary, came out to meet with the students, making excuses for the Kuomintang's compromise policy towards Japan and internal opposition. The students were extremely indignant at his answer and shouted "Down with the traitors" and "If the petition fails, we will demonstrate". Song Li was elected as Parade Leader.

When the procession reached the Xidan archway near garrison headquarters, Ping Jin, it was stopped and attacked by the military and police. The students are not afraid of violence, shouting the slogan of resisting Japan and saving the country, and moving on, the team is growing stronger and stronger. Professor Peking University, Professor Wu of China University and the couple who were teaching in yenching university also took part in the demonstration. Reporters from many newspapers at home and abroad accompanied the interview. By the time the team arrived at Wangfujing Street via Xisi, Huguo Temple, Di 'anmen and the beach, it had swelled to four or five thousand people. The south entrance of Wangfujing Street is full of military police, waving whips and sticks and beating unarmed patriotic students. Students clashed with military police and dozens of people were arrested on the spot. Under the bloody suppression of the Kuomintang authorities, the procession was dispersed. The anti-Japanese roar of "December 9" shocked the ancient capital Beiping and soon spread all over the country. * * * Beiping Temporary Working Committee and Beiping Student Union summarize in time and make arrangements for the next step. On 65438+February 1 1 day, students from all major schools in the city jointly went on strike. The Kuomintang authorities were extremely frightened by the patriotic actions of students in Peiping, ordered the students' patriotic actions to be prohibited, and sent military police to block some key schools. But patriotic students can't put out the fire of resistance against Japan. The Beijing Temporary Working Committee learned that the Kuomintang authorities ignored the strong opposition of the broad masses of the people and decided to set up the "Jicha Government Affairs Committee" on June 6, 65438+February 65438, and decided to hold a larger demonstration on this day.

16 In the early morning of February 16, more than 0,000 patriotic students in Peiping/kloc-0 took to the streets one after another, and a massive anti-Japanese national salvation parade broke out. The demonstration team was divided into four groups, led by Northeastern University, China University, Peking University and Tsinghua University, and marched in different directions. On the way, they broke through the blockade of the military and police and finally met at the overpass. 165438+ At 0: 00 a.m., more than 30,000 patriotic students from workers, peasants and soldiers in Beiping held a civic meeting in Tianqiao. The flag of the venue fluttered, "Down with Japanese imperialism!" "Down with traitors and traitors!" "oppose the establishment of a government Committee!" Slogans came and went, resounding through the sky. After the town meeting, more than 65,438+0,000 patriotic students marched at the front door. The students held hands, shouted the slogan of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and distributed leaflets to citizens and pedestrians on both sides of the street. The citizens enthusiastically supported the students' patriotic actions, some sent boiling water and food, and some joined the parade automatically.

When the parade arrived at Qianmen, it was stopped by a large number of military police and security teams, and patriotic students held the second citizens' meeting in Qianmen Railway Station Square. Congress decided to continue the demonstrations in the inner city and sent representatives to negotiate with the military and police to open the city gate. In order to divide the procession, the authorities promised to let some students enter the city from the front door, but most students had to enter the city from Heping Gate and Xuanwu Gate. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, jing wong led some students from Peking University, Zhongda University and other schools to enter the city from the front door, and the gate was closed immediately. Students from Tsinghua University, yenching university, Northeastern University and Peiping University went to Heping Gate and Xuanwu Gate along the Xijiang River. However, the city gate has been closed, and the students tried to break it many times, but all failed. Later, after several negotiations, the military police promised to open the city gate to let students from other schools enter the city, on condition that the teams from Tsinghua and yenching university were withdrawn first. It's already past 9 o'clock in the evening. When the teams of the two schools left, all the street lamps around the city went out. A large number of military police came at the students from all directions with knives and sticks, and many people were beaten. Students who enter the city from the front door want to meet them at Xuanwu Gate. When they arrived at the west exit of Maoyang Hutong in Xidan, they were beaten by a large number of military and police, and dozens of students were chopped. There is blood all over the street, which is terrible. In the "December 16th" demonstration, 22 students in the city were arrested and more than 300 people were injured, which once again exposed the brutality of the reactionary authorities. The patriotic struggle of Peiping students has dealt a blow to the arrogance of Japanese imperialism, exposed the traitorous behavior of the Kuomintang authorities, won the support and response of patriots from all walks of life, and promoted the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement.

12 18 All day, the presidents of six universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University, jointly demanded the release of the arrested students. On the same day, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions urgently appealed to workers all over the country to help students save the country, and workers across the country went on strike to support the students' struggle. On the 20th, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League issued a declaration calling on young students to go deep into workers and peasants and expand the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. Organizations all over the country have sent telegrams and declarations in support of the patriotic movement of Peiping students. Soong Ching Ling, Lu Xun, Ma, Shen Junru, Wang Zaoshi, Zou Taofen, Tao Xingzhi, Zhang Naiqi, Shi Liang and other patriotic celebrities expressed their support. Soong Ching Ling sent more than 65,438,000 yuan from Shanghai to Beiping Federation of Students as the expenses for the work of resisting Japan and saving the nation. 12, 18 to 19 nights, Lu Xun wrote an article enthusiastically praising the heroic struggle spirit of patriotic students, and sent him the earnest hope that "there is a stone, but the fire will not go out". On February 26, 65438, people from all walks of life in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area held a rally in Peiping and other places to support the students' anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. Under the influence of the patriotic movement of students in Beiping, students from all over the country responded in succession. For a time, on both sides of the Yellow River, the horn of resisting Japan and saving the nation resounded everywhere.

After the two demonstrations, under the leadership of the Party, Beiping Students' Union set up a propaganda group, expanded southward, went deep into factories and rural areas, mobilized workers, peasants and soldiers throughout the country to carry out the anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang struggle, and also trained and educated patriotic students. 1936, the south expansion propaganda group held a member congress in Beiping, and formally established an advanced youth organization established under the leadership of the Party-the vanguard of national liberation (later renamed the vanguard of national liberation in China). Its birth and development greatly promoted the in-depth development of the December 9th Movement.

Under the leadership and call of China's * * * production party, the "December 9th Movement" initiated by patriotic students in Peiping quickly swept across the country, which greatly promoted the awakening of China people and marked the arrival of a new climax of China people's anti-Japanese democratic movement.