What should I do if the fertilizer for transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedlings in the field is too heavy?

Transplanting flue-cured tobacco seedling excessive fertilization in the field can wash water, reduce fertilizer concentration and reduce fertilizer damage.

The quality of field transplanting is an important prerequisite for the growth of tobacco plants. Five technical measures should be implemented to improve the quality of field transplanting of flue-cured tobacco:

First, the tobacco seedlings should be strong.

Planting tobacco for half a year and transplanting strong seedlings are the basis of high quality and high yield of flue-cured tobacco. The main technical indicators of strong seedlings are: seedling age is about 80 days, plant height is 6cm, stem diameter is 2cm, number of leaves is 7-8, leaves are green, roots are white, neat and uniform, exquisite and beautiful, and there is no disease.

After entering the seedling stage, there are three main technical measures to cultivate strong seedlings:

First, timely cutting leaves to promote roots. When the five leaves of tobacco leaves are combined, they should be pruned about three times, the first time 1/3, the second time 1/2-2/3, and pruned about three times every five days.

Two, strengthen the disinfection of seedling shed facilities, timely spraying chemicals to control pests and diseases. Strengthen the strict disinfection of operating tools in seedling shed facilities with formalin or potassium permanganate; Before and after leaf cutting, chemical agents such as Junkeduoke were sprayed to control tobacco mosaic.

Third, uncover the film and dehydrate the seedlings. 7 days before transplanting, uncover the shed film and shed skirt film, hold up the seedling tray with bamboo poles or small wooden sticks, dehydrate, fertilize and practice seedlings for 5-7 days, and put the seedling tray into the seedling pool to exercise tobacco seedlings before transplanting.

Second, the smoke line should be high and full.

Tobacco row is a reserve granary for the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. Flue-cured tobacco must have a tall and full ridge (granary) in order to grow healthily and fully.

Technical indicators of tall and full tobacco row: the row height is ≥35cm, the row width is 20cm, the row width is ≥80cm, the row spacing is 1.2m, the row depth and width are 25-30cm, and the row is straight and flat, with loose soil and no weeds.

Third, pest control measures should be put in place in advance.

65,438+00-65,438+05 days before transplanting, apply special herbicides such as Daojie and Jinghe Quinoline to control weeds in tobacco fields, and prohibit the use of chemicals such as dichloronaphthalene acid and tetrachlorodipotassium to control weeds, and prohibit the use of sterile and highly toxic pesticides such as Roundup, paraquat and glyphosate; Popularize the use of special herbicides for tobacco fields such as Doggering, bispyribac-sodium, Chi Yuan and Jinghe Quinoline to control weeds, and apply high-efficiency hexaflumuron to control "ground tigers"; Application of Junkeduke and other drugs in prevention and treatment of mosaic disease.

Fourth, fertilization should be fully balanced.

According to the present situation of soil fertility in Yizhang, that is, nitrogen-rich, phosphorus-rich, potassium-deficient, boron-deficient, molybdenum-deficient, magnesium-deficient and zinc-deficient, in order to achieve the yield per mu of flue-cured tobacco 160- 175 kg and achieve high quality and high yield, it is necessary to apply sufficient pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is suggested that 50~60kg of tobacco, 0/0 ~/0/5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0/0 ~/0.5 ~ 2 kg of boron molybdenum magnesium zinc microelement fertilizer or 0/0.0 kg of magnesium sulfate fertilizer, and 500~600kg of plant ash and decomposed farmyard manure should be used per mu of base fertilizer. In the demonstration area of rapeseed cake fertilizer, base fertilizer 15kg was applied per mu, and the total fertilizer application amount was reduced by about 5kg according to tobacco leaves when topdressing. Fertilization methods include furrow application and deep application in large holes, and the depth and width of tobacco holes are 20×20cm.

Fifth, the density should be scientific and reasonable.

Main technical requirements: row spacing 1.2m, plant spacing of 0.5~0.55m, planting1000 ~1000 plants per mu.

Sixth, the timing of transplanting rice seedlings should be grasped at the right time.

Flue-cured tobacco can be transplanted in sunny and warm weather when the tobacco seedlings reach the standard of strong seedlings and the daily average temperature stably passes 10℃. The suitable period of flue-cured tobacco transplanting in our county is mostly from March 15 to March 22, and it can be transplanted immediately when the weather is sunny and warm. The eastern and southern low-altitude tobacco-growing areas can be advanced appropriately, but generally not earlier than March10; Eastern high-altitude tobacco-growing areas can be appropriately postponed, but generally not later than March 25th.

Seven, flue-cured tobacco planting should be carefully operated.

The specific operation requirements are:

First, choose tobacco seedlings. The same mutual block should be transplanted with strong seedlings with uniform size, consistent varieties and no pests and diseases;

Second, mix the fertile soil well. Before transplanting, mix the rich soil in the tobacco hole evenly to avoid the caking and accumulation of base fertilizer, and the fertilizer will damage the roots and burn the seedlings.

Third, cushion the soil. Tobacco plants should be planted on soil. Before planting tobacco, keep fresh soil at the bottom and plant tobacco plants on the new soil;

Fourth, proper deep planting. The suitable planting depth is 1/2~2/3 of tobacco roots and stems to promote the formation of the first root system of tobacco plants.

Fifth, water the soil. After planting tobacco seedlings, cover the hole with fine soil, then pour 0.5% root-fixing water mixed with seedling-lifting fertilizer, and cover it tightly with soil after underwater infiltration.