Briefly introduce the Li Zicheng Uprising (time, background, slogan, course = =).

Peasant Uprising in China led by Li Zicheng in the late Ming Dynasty. Li Zicheng (1606 ~ 1645), formerly known as Hongji, was born in Mizhi, Shaanxi Province, and was an agricultural family. His family is poor, he is a shepherd, and he has little literacy. He has been a post servant in Yinchuan for a long time. During the reign of Kai and Chongzhen tomorrow, there will be drought and famine in northern Shaanxi for years, and farmers will riot in succession. Chongzhen three years (1630), laid-off postman, went to work in Zhangcunmeng Department without mud in Xichuan. Later, due to Zhang Cunxu's defeat, he became an army.

Shortly after the uprising developed and won, he became the king of Gao Yingxiang, pioneered the Eighth Team, and moved to Shaanxi, Shanxi, southern Hebei, Yuchu and other places. 1July, 999, Xiang Ying was captured and sacrificed. He inherited the name of Chuang Wang and moved to the south of Shaanxi and the northeast of Sichuan. In February of 13th year, Zicheng Army retreated in Wuyushan, Fengjie, and once again lurked in Shangluo Mountain (now southeast of Shangzhou, Shaanxi).

In the same year, there was a serious famine and peasant riots in Henan Province. 1 1 In the middle of the month, the insurgents passed through Shangzhou in southern Shaanxi and stood out from Wuguan, and moved to Henan, where farmers fought for it. Soon, the three scribes, Niu Jinxing, Song Xie and Yan Li, voted successively. At the beginning of 14th, he went to Luoyang, killed He Zhu, and set up a poverty alleviation post, which expanded rapidly. Since then, Kaifeng has been besieged three times. The main force of the Ming army was eliminated, and the insurgents controlled the whole province of Henan, with nearly one million troops. Li Zicheng Uprising Army became the main force of peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty.

Since the occupation of Luoyang, Li Zicheng has gradually transformed the past mobile warfare into a military strategy of "each occupying a city and fighting separately". In the first month of the sixteenth year, he successfully conquered the sky (now Zhongxiang, Hubei Province), played the banner of "suppressing soldiers and comforting the people" and distributed leaflets of "no conscription for three years". He tried to move to Huangzhou, expose the tyranny of Zhu Ming, and publicize that his purpose was to train a kind teacher and save the people in from the mire. In the past two years, it has swept through dozens of counties in five provinces of Henan, as well as Huguangjing and Xiangfu. In February of 16th year, Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province) was changed to Xiang Jing, and a new Shun government was established, with the self-styled Marshal Fengtian Shangyi and Luo Rucai as the general who helped the people. From Tongguan in the west to Guide (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and Runing (now Runan, Henan Province) in the east, to the Yellow River in the north and to Songzi, Zhijiang and Lizhou (now Lixian County, Hunan Province) in the south, there are more than 70 counties with local officials.

According to Jing Xiang, the rebels sought the capital. Li Zicheng adopted Gu Junen, a counselor, and took Shaanxi as the base first. In September of 16th year, the rebel army defeated Sun Chuanting in jia county, Henan Province, killing more than 40,000 Ming troops and acquiring hundreds of thousands of weapons. Since then, the insurgents have invaded Shaanxi in two ways. In the first month of the seventeenth year, they conquered Xi and occupied Ningxia, Lanzhou, Xining, Yongchang and Zhuanglang.

After the rebels occupied Xi 'an, they officially named the country Dashun and changed it to Yongchang, taking the seventeenth year of Chongzhen as the first year of Yongchang. Change Xi to Chang 'an. Li Zicheng changed his name to Sheng and became king. In February of the same year, the insurgents attacked Beijing in two ways. The capital was besieged on March 18. Break into Beijing the next day. Ming Sizong hanged himself in Jingshan Park (now Jingshan). The Ming Dynasty perished.

After the occupation of Beijing, we will continue to divide our troops slightly, appoint local officials and establish grass-roots political power. The county magistrates of Beizhi, Shandong, Henan, Northern Jiangsu and Northern Anhui successively took office. At that time, Dashun territory started from Shandong in the east, Gansu and Ningxia in the west, along the Great Wall in the north, and between Jianghuai and Jianghuai in the south, covering the northern branch, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, a part of Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia in the northwest, several counties in Baoning area in northern Sichuan, and the Huaihe River basin in Jiangsu and Anhui today. There are four provinces of Jingzhou, Xiangyang, Chengtian and De 'an in Huguang in the Yangtze River Basin.

In the political and economic program during the uprising of the rebel army, in view of the concentration of land rights and heavy taxes in the Ming Dynasty, the slogan of "equal land and free food" was put forward. After the capture of Xi 'an nunnery, it also demanded "equal land" and "no levy for five years". In Henan and other places, the ballad "Eating without paying" is widely circulated. "All grains are divided" has not really been implemented, but some local officials have implemented measures to change feudal land rights. For example, in some areas, the local government in Dashun acquiesced in farmers' spontaneous competition for land. The rebels also implemented the policy of not having rich households to solve the military pay and help the poor. However, under this slogan, incidents of robbing civilians and injuring innocent people also occur from time to time. The insurgents also implemented the policy of buying and selling flat and protecting industry and commerce. After the rebels entered Beijing, the citizens were allowed to open as usual. There are many merchant ships sailing on the Jifu Canal in Shandong Province.

After the failed uprising, when the rebels occupied Beijing, the only enemy in the north was Wu Sangui, the chief soldier of the Ming Dynasty stationed outside Shanhaiguan. I lost myself by underestimating my enemy, and only sent someone to caress me with gold, silver and brocade. Sangui first accepted the Zhao government, and then Wen Zicheng asked Ming officials for money in Beijing, and heard that his family was detained. So he returned to Shanhaiguan to rebel and asked the Qing army for help. Liu Zongmin and Li Guo marched eastward and arrived at Shanhaiguan on April 21st. In order to prevent Sangui from retreating eastward, he created a 20,000-round raider to go to Sangui Army, and he led the army to attack from the west. When Wu Sangui's army was shaken, the Qing army Dourgen sent his troops to attack. Being outnumbered and attacked on both sides, the peasant army lost to Beijing.

The failure of the peasant army caused panic in Beijing. Many generals of the rebel army can't stand the temptation of luxury life in the city. They are becoming more and more arrogant and extravagant, and their foot soldiers are also burdened with heavy goods and have no fighting spirit. The army is distracted and lax in discipline. On April 29th, the first year of Yongchang (1644), he hastily ascended to the throne as emperor, and left Beijing for the south the next day, then entered Shanxi, in an attempt to make a comeback based in Shaanxi. In May this year, he moved to several counties in southeastern Hubei. In September, I went to Jiugong Mountain (a cloud leads to the mountain and a cloud leads to the city) and was besieged by the landlord township group. After Li Zicheng's sacrifice, the rest was led south by Liu Zongmin and Lee Guo to unify the Ming and Qing Dynasties.