Has anyone ever climbed Mount Everest in ancient times?

Mount Everest is the highest place in the world, with extremely steep terrain and complex environment.

There are 548 continental glaciers distributed among these ridges and cliffs, with a total area of ??1457.07k㎡ and an average thickness of 7260 meters. Some places on the mountain are covered with snow all year round, and glaciers, ice slopes and seracs can be seen everywhere. There are ice cliffs tens of meters high, light and dark ice fissures with traps, and dangerous ice and avalanche areas.

The lowest temperature at the summit of Mount Everest is minus 30 to 40 degrees Celsius all year round. The air at the peak is thin, and the oxygen content of the air is only a quarter of that in the eastern plains. Winds of magnitude 7 or 8 often blow. Level 12 strong winds are also not uncommon. The wind blows the snow, flying in all directions and filling the sky. The climate in the Everest region and its nearby peaks is complex and changeable, often changing even within a day, let alone ups and downs throughout the year.

In such harsh conditions, mountaineering requires a lot of special mountaineering equipment, such as oxygen tanks, mountaineering picks, warm clothing, etc. Moreover, not everyone can climb Mount Everest, and it requires people with particularly good physical fitness. Even people with good physical fitness, under the protection of complete equipment, will suffer from dizziness, headaches, difficulty breathing, limb weakness, hallucinations and other unsuitable physical conditions and strong altitude sickness at altitudes above 8,000. Every step you take takes a lot of effort. In addition, mountaineers must always be alert to natural disasters such as avalanches, ice fissures, and strong winds. Their lives hang on a thread.

Therefore, it was basically impossible for ancient people to climb Mount Everest due to relatively backward technical conditions. Moreover, Mount Everest was only discovered during the Qing Dynasty. It was not until 1841 that Sir George Everest, the British Inspector General in India, accurately recorded the location of Mount Everest. It was not until 1953 that humans successfully climbed to the top of Mount Everest for the first time. China successfully climbed to the top of Mount Everest for the first time in 1960.

The following is a chronology of major events in the summit of Mount Everest.

In 1841, Sir George Everest, the Inspector General of India, recorded the geographical location of Mount Everest.

In 1853, Mount Everest was surveyed as the world’s highest peak, with an altitude of 8,840 meters.

The first human attempt to climb Mount Everest:

In 1921, the British mountaineering team (captain G. Hawadbari) climbed Mount Everest from Tibet, China for the first time. They did not cross the North At the top of the col, they claimed to have reached a height of 6,985 meters. Since they failed, they announced that this was a reconnaissance mountaineering activity.

In 1922, the second British Mount Everest climbing team (captain Ji Bruce) still took the north slope route in Tibet, China. They crossed the North Col, but when they reached a height of 8225 meters, It was declared a failure due to the deaths of seven people.

In 1924, the third British Mount Everest climbing team (captain F. Norton) was still climbing from the north slope of Mount Everest in China. When Norton and others reached 8572 under the "second step" on the north slope When they were near 100 meters, they were forced to go down the mountain due to lack of oxygen. Team members Mallory and Abin insisted on continuing to move forward and never returned.

In 1933, a British mountaineering team composed of 16 people (captain He Lutoliji) still used the northern slope route in Tibet, China, and also failed. The team member Winn Harry When Si and Weigel reached an altitude of 8,570 meters, they discovered the ice ax belonging to Mallory, a member of the British Everest climbing team in 1924, confirming that Mallory and the other two died near this height.

In 1934, the British M. Wilson used a light plane to climb mountains alone. As a result, the plane was damaged near the Kongbu Glacier. He himself was slightly injured. Later, he hired some local Sherpa people to assist. Climbing, but after a storm, he froze to death on the Dongob Glacier.

In 1935, the British Mount Everest mountaineering team, composed of seven people (captain E. Shipton), only reconnoitred the north slope of Mount Everest in Tibet, China, at an altitude of 7,000m, that is, near the North Col. .

In 1936, the British Mount Everest climbing team, consisting of ten people (captain Helutoliji), reached the top of the North Col at an altitude of 7007 meters and then returned. Note: The top of the North Col used to be 7007 meters. , in 1975, the Chinese mountaineering team calculated the exact height to be 7050 meters through on-site measurements.

In 1938, the British Mount Everest climbing team, consisting of seven people (captain G. Dillman), still climbed from the north slope of China. After reaching an altitude of 8,290 meters, it failed.

In 1947, the first attempt to climb Mount Everest after World War II was carried out by a Canadian, Le Dinman, who hired some local mountain residents as porters. They still climbed the northern slope of China and did not yet climb the mountain. At an altitude of over 6,400 meters above sea level, they finally failed and returned.

Note: The above-mentioned climbs to Mount Everest were all conducted from the Tibet area in China.

After 1950, Tibet was liberated. Tibet, which is located in an important southwest border defense area, no longer allowed foreign mountaineering teams to carry out mountaineering activities at will. Since then, foreign mountaineering teams have climbed Mount Everest from the southern slopes of Nepal.

In 1950, a mountaineering team composed of Americans such as G. Houston and others made the first attempt to climb Mount Everest from the southern slopes of Nepal. They only reached the 6,100-meter-high ice on the Kongbu Glacier. Near the explosion area, he returned.

In 1950, the British mountaineering team, consisting of five people (captain G. Dillman), claimed in advance to be a reconnaissance team climbing Mount Everest from the south slope. After reaching the hole at an altitude of 5,480m, Then return near Bu Glacier.

In 1951, the British mountaineering team, captained by E. Shipton, consisted of seven people. They only climbed a section of the Khumbu Glacier and returned near an altitude of 6,450 meters.

In 1951, a Danish man named K. Bega Larsson illegally crossed the border into Tibet. He planned to climb Mount Everest from the north slope, but he failed before even crossing the 6,500-meter altitude.

In May 1952, a ten-member Swiss mountaineering team led by captain Le Dittmar climbed Mount Everest from the southern slope of Nepal. Team member Le Lambier and the Nepali porter they hired After reaching an altitude of 8,540 meters, Tengxin failed due to bad weather, but they created a route from the south slope of Mount Everest to the summit.

In 1953, team members Evans and Burgiran reached a height of 8,720 meters.

The first ascent of Mount Everest The world’s first ascent of Mount Everest:

Nepalese Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay and New Zealand on May 29, 1953 Mountaineer Edmund Hillary. As early as May 29, 1953, two members of the British mountaineering team, led by captain Joe Hunter, climbed Mount Everest along the southeast ridge route from Nepal, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Team members Evans and Burgiran reached a height of 8,720 meters. The height of Mount Everest used by the British this time is 8840 meters.

In 1956, the Swiss mountaineering team (captain Albert Egger) consisted of five people, including E. Schmitt, Yu Marmit, A. Leis, and G. Gong. Chin, with the support of a large number of Nepalese porters and guides, climbed Mount Everest in two groups on May 23.

In May 1960, when the Chinese mountaineering team was assaulting Mount Everest from the north slope, an Indian mountaineering team led by Major Ji Singh of the Indian Army was also assaulting Nepal from the southern slope of Mount Everest. Climb Mount Everest.

When they reached an altitude of 8,625 meters on the south slope, they announced that they could not move forward due to strong winds and gave up the summit attempt.

China’s first ascent of Mount Everest:

In the early morning of May 25, 1960, the Chinese Mount Everest mountaineering team, led by assault team leader Wang Fuzhou, climbed for the first time from the north slope. On Mount Everest, the three team members who reached the summit were Wang Fuzhou, Gonpot and Qu Yinhua. During this mountaineering, a total of 29 members of the Chinese mountaineering team climbed to an altitude of more than 8,100 meters on Mount Everest. In addition to the summit members, 13 members climbed to an altitude of 8,500 meters. This is also the first time in the history of world mountaineering. At 4:20 on May 25, 1960, the Chinese mountaineering team Wang Fuzhou, Gonpot, and Qu Yinhua climbed to the top of Mount Everest from the north slope for the first time. The bright five-star red flag flew at the highest point on the earth.

In 1962, India’s second Mount Everest mountaineering team, led by captain Indian Army Lieutenant Colonel Jay Dias, climbed Mount Everest again from the southern slope of Nepal. They were afraid of strong winds. Declared a failure, two of the team members climbed to an altitude of 8,717 meters.

In the spring of 1969, the Japanese mountaineering team made the first exploratory mountaineering from the south slope of Mount Everest. After reaching the Kongbu Glacier area at an altitude of 6,450 meters, some glacier and meteorological observers were left behind. He stayed on Mount Everest for a full year and made long-term observations on weather, glaciers, etc., which laid the necessary foundation for the Japanese team to officially climb Mount Everest in 1970.

In the spring of 1971, the "International Everest Climbing Team" was formed by mountaineers from 11 European countries, including Britain, France, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and India. The team leader, Swiss mountaineer En. Under the leadership of Kilian Furter, we climbed to the summit along the southwest ridge route of the south slope of Mount Everest (note: basically the route of the 1963 American mountaineering team). Due to inconsistent steps from the beginning and great internal disagreements, it was declared a failure after the death of Indian team member Huguna in an avalanche.

In the spring of 1972, a group of mountaineers from eight European countries (Britain, France, Italy, Austria, West Germany, Switzerland, etc.) led by Siddiq Heilikaufer formed the "European Mountaineer". Everest Mountaineering Team" climbed to the summit from the south slope along the traditional route, but failed after reaching an altitude of 8,200 meters.

In the spring of 1973 (February to May), the Italian military mountaineering team, led by Guido Monzino, the principal of the Italian Military Mountaineering School, formed an Italian army, navy, air force, and police force. A large Everest mountaineering team composed of customs personnel, medical, meteorological and other military science personnel climbed twice on May 5 and May 7 of that year. Each time, one group (four people) and one to eight people climbed On to the top of Mount Everest.

At 6 pm Nepal time on September 24, 1975, two members of the British mountaineering team, Heston (32 years old) and Scott (33 years old), climbed from the south slope of Mount Everest. Climbed Mount Everest.

At 2:30 pm on September 27, 1975, Pan Duo, a female member of the Chinese mountaineering team, and Suonan Norbu, Luo Ze, Hou Shengfu, Sangzhu, Dapingcuo, and Gonggaba, a member of the eight male members Sang, Tsering Dorje, and Abuqin once again climbed Mount Everest from the north slope. In the history of world mountaineering, this is a new world record for the largest number of men and women collectively climbing the world's highest peak. In order to commemorate this summit, on September 26, 1975, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of my country issued a set of three special stamps "Chinese Mountaineering Team Climbs Mount Everest Again".

In 1978, Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner climbed to the summit (8848 meters) for the first time without oxygen.

In 1980, Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner made the first solo ascent of the summit (8,848 meters) on the northern route.

In 1988, mountaineers from China, Japan and Nepal joined forces to challenge Mount Everest. They met the summit from the north and south sides and successfully crossed Mount Everest in both directions. Three Chinese team members successfully crossed Mount Everest and one person reached the summit. , Tsering Dorje set a world record of staying at the summit for 99 minutes without oxygen.

In 1990, climbers from China, the Soviet Union and the United States gathered on Mount Everest in the name of peace, showing their peace-loving aspirations to the world. Seven Tibetan team members from China reached the top of the mountain one after another.

In 1993, six mountaineers from both sides of the Taiwan Strait climbed Mount Everest together for the first time, writing a wonderful page in history. Wu Jinxiong became the first Taiwanese compatriot to climb Mount Everest.

In 1996 and 1997, China successively carried out joint climbing activities with Slovakia and Pakistan. Four Tibetan team members reached the summit. Among them, Ciluo became the first Chinese college student to climb Mount Everest. , Da Qimi and Kaicun became people who have climbed Mount Everest twice.

At 7:22 am on May 26, 1998, British climber Bear Grylls and his friends reached the top of Mount Everest.

On May 27, 1999, all 10 Tibetan members of the Tibetan Mountaineering Team climbed Mount Everest at once and collected the sacred flame of the Sixth National Ethnic Minority Traditional Sports Games at the 8848.13-meter summit.

In 2000, Yan Genghua, the Heilongjiang warrior who was China's first civilian solo challenger on Mount Everest, reached the summit on May 21, but unfortunately died on the way down.

In 2002, another warrior, Wang Tianhan, finally succeeded in challenging Mount Everest alone.

In 2003, 14 Chinese members of the China-South Korea Joint Mountaineering Team and the 2003 China Everest Mountaineering Team successfully climbed Mount Everest on May 21 and 22 respectively. They are Xiao Qimi, Pubhu Zhuoga (female), Cangmula (female), Nyima Tsering, Liang Qun (female), Chen Junchi, Ngawang, Pubhu Dundup, Tashi Tsering, Wangdui, Jala, Luo Shen, Wang Shi, and Liu Jian.

From March 20 to June 20, 2005, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping will once again conduct a comprehensive scientific investigation on the Mount Everest area of ??the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and will also join hands with Chinese female mountaineering team members to climb to the top of Mount Everest. , using radar and GPS positioning methods to re-measure the height. On October 9 of the same year, with the approval and authorization of the State Council, Chen Bangzhu, director of China's National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, officially announced at a press conference of the State Council Information Office that the altitude of the rock face of Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters, and the measurement accuracy is ±0.21 meters. The Everest altitude data released by China in 1975 was 8848.13 meters and was discontinued.

In 2006, Glenn Singletaryman and Heather Swan were both in their early 40s and a middle-aged couple from Sydney, Australia.

In 2007, the 20-year-old Sherpa Tash Lakpa Sherpa set out from Kathmandu to launch his third attempt at Mount Everest, the roof of the world.

On May 8, 2008, the auspicious cloud of the torch of the 29th Summer Olympics was carried by Chinese athletes to the world's highest peak, Mount Everest (8844.43 meters above sea level). It has become the highest-altitude torch relay station in the history of the Olympic torch relay.

In the early morning of May 25, 2008, 76-year-old Nepali man Ming Sherchan successfully climbed Mount Everest, the roof of the world, becoming the oldest person in the world to successfully climb Mount Everest.

In May 2012, Mr. Kame Sherpa from Kathmandu City, Nepal, died at 12:05 on May 19, 2012, 6:36 on May 24, and 5 on May 27, within 9 days. He climbed Mount Everest three times in 27 minutes, setting a world record for the most successful climbs of Mount Everest in nine days.

On June 5, 2014, Angelina Jolie, a 13-year-old Indian girl from a low-class family, successfully climbed Mount Everest not long ago, becoming the youngest woman in the world to climb Mount Everest.