Drifting experience-understanding the current pattern

Hot summer is a good time to drift. In order to ensure safety and let tourists fully experience the danger, this paper introduces several experiences that should be paid attention to before and during drifting:

1, drifting will inevitably get wet, so bring more clothes to change after landing;

2. Don't wear leather shoes for rafting. Flat slippers, plastic sandals and sports shoes are all ok.

3. The weather is not good, the water is cold, and the weather is fine. Pay attention to cold and sun protection;

4. Mobile phones, pagers, certificates and cash. Don't bring anything that is afraid of water into the water. In fact, it's best not to bring anything except a bottle of water. In addition, children who are too young should not drift or swim. The rivers in the mountains are complicated and full of rapids and rapids. It is dangerous for children who are not sensible to walk around the ship.

5. Generally speaking, the drifting reach is relatively safe. As long as you don't get off the boat, fight with each other, and catch floating objects in the water and vegetation and stones on the shore, the drifting raft will not turn over;

6. Once the boat capsizes, it doesn't matter. Hold your breath and be careful not to drown, because you are wearing a life jacket. When the drifting boat passes through the dangerous beach, it should obey the instructions of the boatman, hold the safety rope tightly, tighten its feet and lean toward the center of the hull.

7. When drifting, please pay attention to the arrows and slogans along the way, which can help you find the main waterway and be alert to the falling area in advance.

8. When going down the rapids, grab the handrails inside the hull to ensure that the hull is balanced and parallel to the river.

In the exciting drifting process, experienced paddlers will always stare at the river every time they turn the corner of the river or face the rapids. In the rapids, there are big waves and many rocks. In order to find out the hidden traps and the best way to cross the rapids. In order to understand how shoals are formed and what are the dangers to navigation, we must first understand several basic forms of water flow.

The entrance to the rapids

-When the riverbed inclines downward, white waves appear on the calm water surface, and the rapids are usually deepest and fastest in the central part of the riverbed. In the noisy and shallow places on both sides of the river, the river is blocked and the flow velocity decreases, thus forming the phenomenon of faster water flow in the middle. Moreover, the faster the central water flows, the stronger it becomes, further washing away stones and sediment, removing resistance and obstacles, and forming a V-shaped tongue. The top of the "V" usually points to the channel with the least obstacles and resistance.

Rollback wave

-reefs that are completely exposed to water are easy to find, but some reefs hidden under water are hidden. When the water flows over the top of the reef and into the diverticulum behind the reef (water stop). The river flows in the opposite direction (upstream). This phenomenon is called rolling wave, which appears downstream of semi-hidden and semi-exposed reef. When the reef is just below the water surface, it is difficult to detect it from the upstream direction because there is no spray. Pay attention to the calmer places in the rapids, because the underwater reefs will divert the rapids, and the water cannot be parallel to the waves when it flows over the reef surface. If you look ashore, you can see from the downstream direction, and the rolling waves were very obvious at that time. Some reefs are covered by violent waves, which require continuous and attentive observation to see. If it is a large reef with a deep hidden depth, there will be a big' rolling wave' downstream, which is usually called? Quot hole ". This kind of "hole" is often so powerful that it can easily capsize. Some holes are like toilets. Once you enter it by mistake, it seems to be attracted by gravity, rotating like a gyroscope and stuck in it for a long time. So we should spare no effort to avoid it.

Vertical wave

-Rivers flow faster in steep riverbeds and slower in gentle riverbeds. When fast water meets slow water, the water cannot be discharged in time, and the waves will be superimposed to form high vertical waves. The magnitude of vertical wave is related to water quantity and drop. Ordinary vertical waves will not be a problem. If the vertical wave is high but the slope is gentle, the best way is to aim the bow at the top of the wave and ride it directly. This kind of wave is magnificent, and it is very enjoyable to walk through the stormy waves. If the vertical wave looks steep, it is likely to capsize. You should choose to cross the edge of the wave. Because the edge portion tends to have a slower angle and a lower height. But first, we must confirm whether it is vertical waves or underwater reefs. Underwater reefs rushing through rapids can also cause big waves. However, the waves aroused by rocks are scattered and uneven, while the vertical waves are very regular.

make a turn

Usually, the deepest and fastest place for water flow is the outer road at the corner. The trend of the river is to push the boat to the outside of the turn, where there are many reefs and other dangerous situations. When turning, it is generally required to adjust the boat at a 45-degree angle and keep it in the position of the back lane. Once needed, you can use the power of the river to easily row to the outside road. But it is difficult to row from the outer road to the inner road, because all the resistance of the river has to be overcome.

Huishui

-At the back of the reef or the protruding parts on both sides of the river, the river flows in the opposite direction to the mainstream and upstream, which is called backwater. The diversion in the river bend is also called backwater, although the water here does not flow upstream, there is a backwater line at the intersection of the main stream and backwater, which is also called backwater grid. This time, the water fence is so overbearing that inexperienced novices can't see it. Without the help of two ocean currents, they may be trapped for hours and unable to row, so they may wander around in backwater. In addition, we should pay special attention to the fact that there are two streams in different directions fighting on the backwater line. If the backwater line is strong, the ship will capsize even if it is not careful. Backwater is very useful for navigation, which can be used to stop ships, detect rapids, set up rescue points, and wait for backward companions. But those swirling vortex backwaters should be avoided.

There are no obvious signs on the dangerous beach, and there are traps made up of rocks and huge waves, eddies and holes everywhere. Rowers can only draw an imaginary channel in the rapids by experience and try to cross the dangerous zone along this channel. In addition, the rapids are different when viewed from the horizontal plane and from the shore. Therefore, experienced paddlers have established backup plans before passing, so as to avoid being in a hurry when they can't enter the original route.