How to identify, evaluate and control coal mine safety risks?

1 research status of safety management system at home and abroad The development process of modern safety management can be divided into three stages: experience management, system management and pre-control management. Pre-control management is the last and highest stage of safety management. Its basic principle is to use the technology of risk management and take comprehensive measures of technology and management to manage potential hazards to control accidents, so as to achieve the risk management objectives of "all accidents can be avoided" and "all risks can be controlled". At present, there are many mature risk pre-control safety management methods in the world, such as the management method developed from the safety management system of National Occupational Safety Association (NOSA) in South Africa, the risk management method of Anruikang International Risk Management Consulting Co., Ltd. (IRCA) in South Africa, the safety management method developed from the total management system in the United States and the internationally accepted occupational health and safety (OSHMS) management system. These risk pre-control management methods all adopt risk-based pre-control management methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. China's coal mines have also accumulated some management experiences and good practices for a long time, such as safety quality standardization, safety system evaluation and safety management. In recent years, with China's accession to the WTO, in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development and in line with international standards, many coal mines in China have actively introduced advanced foreign safety management methods, which has greatly promoted the overall level of safety management in coal mining enterprises. However, in order to fundamentally improve the present situation of coal mine safety production in China and realize the intrinsic safety of coal mine production, it is necessary to combine China's national conditions, analyze the present situation of coal mine safety production in China, apply modern safety management methods, fully absorb the advantages of various management systems at home and abroad, and integrate and innovate a set of coal mine intrinsic safety management system with China characteristics. 2 The content, characteristics and significance of intrinsic safety management in coal mines 2. 1 Significance of intrinsic safety management in coal mines For a long time, coal mines have been regarded as high-risk industries, and accidents are inevitable, but accidents are accidental. This concept exists not only in the minds of people outside the coal mine industry, but also in the minds of some coal mine employees, which is extremely unfavorable to the safe production of coal mines. By establishing and popularizing the intrinsic safety management system of coal mines, it is of great significance to improve the traditional concept of coal mines and improve the safety pursuit of coal mine employees. The establishment of the coal mine intrinsic safety management system is based on the in-depth analysis and scientific judgment of the present situation and development trend of the coal industry. It is the concrete application of Scientific Outlook on Development in the field of safety production and coal mine safety, and it is also the inevitable choice for the historical development of the coal industry. It is both positive and practical. Establishing the intrinsic safety management system of coal mine is an important step to grasp the law of safety production and promote the implementation of the "five elements" of safety production in the process of industrialization. The core content of intrinsically safe management is intrinsically safe personnel, intrinsically safe machinery and equipment, intrinsically safe environment and supporting implementation of safeguard measures, which is the embodiment of implementing the "five elements" of safe production. The promotion of intrinsic safety management system is to promote the concrete implementation of the "five elements" of safety production. Establishing the intrinsic safety management system of coal mine is a necessary measure to ensure the sustained and strong competitiveness of coal enterprises. In order to be invincible in the fierce market competition, coal enterprises must realize essential safety. Economically speaking, the safety situation directly determines the life and death of coal mining enterprises. No matter the scale of operation or economic benefits, coal mining enterprises can't stand the torture of accidents. Only by reducing or even eliminating accidents can we create a relaxed safety environment and better ensure the health and stability of enterprises. 2.2 Contents and characteristics of coal mine intrinsic safety management 2.2. 1 The contents of coal mine intrinsic safety management are based on hazard identification management and accident analysis, and pay attention to the coordination of human, machine and environment systems, so as to eliminate various factors affecting coal mine safety production from four aspects: intrinsic safety personnel, intrinsic safety environment and safety management. The whole implementation process is based on the safety information and management system. The fundamental difference between it and traditional safety management is that it does not rely on experience and personal subjective judgment, but actively manages according to the occurrence law of various accidents in mines through comprehensive analysis and evaluation, that is, it changes passive accident analysis and accident treatment into active accident prediction and safety evaluation; Take precautions before they happen. Intrinsic safety management in coal mines is active and advanced management, and its essence is intrinsic safety. Intrinsic safety management of coal mine is a complex system engineering, which mainly consists of the following elements: the risk analysis system of coal mine safety production is the basis of the intrinsic safety management system; Intrinsically safe personnel, intrinsically safe machinery and equipment, intrinsically safe environment and supporting safeguard measures are the core contents of intrinsically safe management; The management information system with fault diagnosis function is the supporting platform of the intrinsic safety management system. 2.2.2 The basic characteristics of intrinsic safety management in coal mines proceed from the overall situation, realize the coordination and unity of people, machines, environment and systems, and implement systematic safety management; Taking risk management as the leading factor, pre-safety analysis and evaluation of the system is a forward-looking active management, the active participation and conscious implementation of all employees, and the self-detection and improvement of the system. 3. Several points that should be paid attention to in the construction of coal mine intrinsic safety management system 3. 1 Strengthen the theoretical research of coal mine intrinsic safety. The application of "intrinsic safety" in coal mine safety management is a brand-new concept of coal mine safety management, which belongs to the high-level cultural category of safety management. At present, there is relatively little research on the theory of coal mine intrinsic safety in China, the connotation of coal mine intrinsic safety management is not clear, and the standard of coal mine intrinsic safety management has not yet been formed. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the study of China's coal mine intrinsic safety theory, actively learn from the advanced management experience of foreign mines and mature management systems of other industries, such as NOSA in South Africa and the health, safety and environmental protection (HSE) system of petrochemical industry, and combine some good methods accumulated by China's coal industry for many years to study the intrinsic safety management system suitable for China's coal mines, and establish corresponding assessment standards and contents. 3.2 The essential basis for the implementation of the coal mine intrinsic safety management system Intrinsic safety refers not only to the use of intrinsically safe equipment, but more importantly, to upgrade the safety of people, machines and environment in the system to the height of intrinsic safety, to ensure the best matching of the quality of people, machines and working environment, and to cultivate a scientific safety culture and carry out effective safety management. It is emphasized that the quality of human safety culture is the foundation of intrinsic safety, and the principle of people-oriented is adhered to in the process of implementing intrinsic safety. Intrinsic safety is a new concept of safety culture and a sublimation of the original concept of safety culture. Only when science and technology develop to a certain height can the intrinsic safety of the system be realized, and only when economic technology develops to a certain scale and height can it be conditional and necessary to realize the intrinsic safety of the system. At present, the level of all kinds of coal mines in China is uneven, including modern mining group companies like Yankuang and Shenhua Group, as well as township local coal mines with relatively primitive mining technology. Therefore, the implementation of the intrinsic safety management system needs to be gradual. First, take modern mines with high comprehensive level of technology and management as the pilot to conduct preliminary exploration. The mines that implement the intrinsic safety management system should reach the domestic or international advanced level in terms of safety concept, safety mechanism, safety responsibility and scientific and technological level. Safety concept is the forerunner for enterprises to create intrinsic safety and the guiding ideology for safety work. Advanced and scientific management concepts will play a correct role in guiding public opinion and inspire and motivate employees to be positive; Negative and outdated management concepts will mislead or dampen the enthusiasm of employees. The implementation of the intrinsic safety management system puts forward new and higher requirements for the safety work of enterprises, and new safety concepts must be established. Security mechanism is the guarantee to create intrinsic security. In order to realize safe production and do a good job in on-site safety management, a series of effective safety management rules and regulations must be established, so that there are laws to follow and rules to follow. Implementing safety responsibility is the key to create intrinsic safety. After formulating a scientific management law and forming a perfect mechanism, it is more important to implement management and mechanism. To truly solve the problem that the management and mechanism are not in place in the work of safety production, we must focus on the implementation of the responsibility core, strictly implement it and ensure safety. Intrinsic safety management system requires managers at all levels in coal mines to firmly establish the idea of "management in place" and strive to build a behavior guarantee system with "strict implementation" as the core. Scientific and technological progress is the foundation of creating intrinsic safety. Through the development of science and technology, the essential safety of personnel protection of coal mine equipment and working environment is realized. 3.3 External Guarantee Conditions for Implementing the Intrinsic Safety Management System of Coal Mines The following external conditions are also needed to implement the system: First, establish a supporting supervision and supervision system for coal mine safety production, clarify and improve the duties and authorities of national and local government safety supervision and supervision, strictly implement responsibilities, increase accountability, implement effective supervision and management of coal mines, and promote the realization of intrinsic safety management of coal mining enterprises. Second, it is necessary to study the ways and means of supervision and supervision to adapt to the intrinsic safety management of coal mines, innovate the means of safety supervision, improve the authority of supervision and law enforcement, and realize the transformation of coal mine safety supervision from post-event management to pre-prevention. Third, improve the system of laws and regulations on coal mine safety production, and revise laws and regulations that do not meet the requirements of realizing intrinsically safe production in coal mines, so as to provide a legal basis for how to realize intrinsically safe management in coal mines, make coal mine safety supervision institutions have laws to follow, enhance the legal status of existing technical standards, and strengthen the authority of technical standards. Fourth, formulate policies related to intrinsic safety management, improve the corresponding support and guarantee system, and realize the intrinsic safety management of coal mining enterprises through policies and strengthening management.