Introduction to Qufu, Shandong

Basic Overview Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, 135 kilometers from the provincial capital Jinan to the north and 45 kilometers from Jining to the southwest. It borders Taidai to the north, Fuyi to the south, Sishui to the east, and Yanzhou to the west. The geographical coordinates are 116°51′-117°13′ east longitude and 35°29′-35°49′ north latitude. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 35.8 kilometers, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 25 kilometers. The total area is 895.93 square kilometers. The "Holy City of the East" Qufu is listed as one of the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities in my country because it is the birthplace, lectures, tombs and worship sites of Confucius, a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the pre-Qin era. Qufu is the source of Confucianism, the root of Confucianism, the place where Confucianism was founded, and one of the first twenty-four famous historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. With a long history, numerous cultural relics, pleasant climate, fertile land, beautiful mountains and rivers, outstanding people, rich resources and developed transportation, it is a treasure land in central and southern Shandong.

Qufu is the ancient settlement center of the Dongyi tribe, the main area of ??Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture. It is also a state of rites and music in the East during the Zhou Dynasty. Confucius was born in Nishan, grew up in Queli, and taught in Xingtan served as an official in Ludu and was buried in Sishang, leaving many relics of his activities in Qufu.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the culture of the State of Lu was developed and talented people emerged in large numbers. The capital of the State was Qufu. Qufu was a state of rites and music in the East during the Zhou Dynasty, which provided a rich foundation for the emergence of Confucianism here. Confucius, who grew up in this unique environment of etiquette and music, was diligent in learning, thoughtful, tireless, rigorous in his studies, and strict in his practice. He first traveled around the country for 14 years, then devoted himself to his studies, gathered disciples to give lectures, compiled "Poems" and "Books", compiled "Li" and "Music", revised "Spring and Autumn", comprehensively sorted out ancient Chinese literature, and trained 3,000 disciples. , seventy-two people who were proficient in the six arts (ritual, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics). They accumulated a lifetime of skills and founded and spread Confucianism in Qufu.

The core of Confucius’ thought is “benevolence”, which means “loving others”. He regarded "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, making "benevolence" and "propriety" mutually useful. It advocated that the rulers should "treat the people with virtue and harmonize them with propriety" to recreate the prosperous age of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rituals and music were conquered from the emperor." The main words and deeds of Confucius throughout his life were compiled into the book "The Analects of Confucius" by his disciples and subsequent disciples, which became a classic of the Confucian school in later generations.

As the hometown of Confucius, Qufu is renowned throughout the world for its long history, developed culture, rich cultural relics, and majestic ancient buildings. There are more than 300 cultural relics protection units in the city and 112 key cultural relics protection units. Among them, the "Three Confucius" (Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple, and Confucius Forest) are the most famous and were listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 1994.

In recent years, the urban construction of Qufu has basically formed a cross-petal urban construction pattern with the Ming Dynasty City as the center and Donggong, Xiwen, Nanxin and Beilin. The walls of the old city have been restored, maintaining the traditional style and harmonious environment. The new city is developing towards the southern new district and the railway station. All streets and alleys in the urban area have been built with asphalt or cement pavements. Street trees, mainly Sophora japonica, have been planted on each main street. Fences and green spaces have been added beside the roads. Dayi River Park, the urban section of National Highway 327, and the Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway exit All have carried out key greening and beautification. The urban area has reached 13 square kilometers, the green coverage rate is 33.8%, and the main street cleaning rate is 100%. The ancient old city has become an emerging tourist city with wide roads, numerous buildings, beautiful environment and complete service facilities. Location and transportation: Qufu is located in the regional center of China's economy, radiating to the frontier and hinterland of the largest market in the domestic economy.

Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, at the intersection of the Beijing-Shanghai Economic Belt and the New Eurasian Continental Bridge. It ranks among the top 30 comprehensive cities in Shandong Province.

Qufu is located in the center of Jining, one of the three major regional economic centers in Shandong Province.

Qufu is the core of Jining Metropolitan Area, one of the three major urban areas planned and constructed in Shandong Province.

The area with the most development advantages in southwest Qufu and Shandong is an important channel connecting East China and North China, and the coastal and inland areas.

The areas surrounding Qufu have the largest market in the country. The 500-kilometer radius with Qufu as the radius includes the Beijing-Tianjin Bohai Economic Circle, the Shandong Peninsula Economic Zone, the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone and other areas with the greatest economic potential in China.

Shandong, where Qufu is located, and its adjacent provinces such as Jiangsu, Henan, and Anhui, are economically powerful and populous provinces in East China.

Qufu has the dual advantages of being an inland and coastal city. The construction of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will bring unprecedented opportunities to Qufu.

Highways: National Highway 104, the north-south artery of China, the Beijing-Fuzhou (Beijing-Fuzhou) Expressway, National Highway 327, the east-west artery, and the Rizhao (Rizhao-Heze) Expressway cross crisscross the territory of Qufu and form a network.

Railway: The Beijing-Shanghai (Beijing-Shanghai) railway, China’s economic artery, passes through Qufu; the Yanzhou-Shijiazhuang (Yanzhou-Rizhao) railway passes through Qufu and is connected to the Longhai Line to the west, directly reaching western China, Central Asia, and West Asia. with Europe.

High-speed railway: my country's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, runs through the territory and has a central station. It is expected to start construction in 2008. After the high-speed railway is completed and opened to traffic, it will take 2 hours to reach Beijing and 2.5 hours to Shanghai by high-speed train from Qufu.

Aviation: It takes 1.5 hours from Qufu to Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport, 1 hour to Jining Airport under construction, and 1.5 hours to Xuzhou Guanyin Airport.

Port: Qufu is 240 kilometers away from Rizhao Port, 420 kilometers away from Qingdao Port, and 40 kilometers away from Jining Port, an important river port of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Geographical location: Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, between Beijing and Shanghai, 135 kilometers from the provincial capital Jinan to the north and 45 kilometers from Jining to the southwest. It borders Mount Tai in the north, Fuyi in the south, Sishui in the east, and Yanzhou in the west. The maximum longitudinal distance from north to south is 35.8 kilometers, and the maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 25 kilometers. The total area is 895.93 square kilometers. There are more than a hundred mountains in the territory stretching along the east, north and south borders. Dozens of hills of various sizes are scattered inside the mountains. The central and western parts are large areas of fertile fields. The ratio of hills to plains is 3:7, forming a basic topography of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The highest point is Fenghuang Mountain in the north, with an altitude of 548.1 meters. The lowest point is Chengzhuang in the southwest, with an altitude of 47 meters. The center of the city is 60.5 meters above sea level.

The groundwater in the territory belongs to the Nansi Lake water system in the Huaihe River Basin. There are 14 large and small rivers in the country, mainly 4 rivers: Si River, Yi River, Liao River and Lai River. The two main rivers, Si and Yi, traverse the entire territory from east to west. The total length of the river is 245.9 kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 180.44 million cubic meters, an average annual runoff depth of 201.4 mm, and an average annual total usable water resource of 230.87 million cubic meters. There are 270 reservoirs and dams in the city, with a total storage capacity of 155.16 million cubic meters. Among them: 62 reservoirs, mainly Nishan Reservoir, Hejiadian Reservoir, Liyuan Reservoir, Hu Erdong Reservoir, Baita Reservoir, Wucun Reservoir, Weijiazhuang Reservoir, etc. Climatic Characteristics Qufu has a warm temperate monsoon continental climate with four distinct seasons and relatively abundant precipitation. It is characterized by drought in spring, rain in summer, drought in autumn, and cold and dry winter with little snow. The annual average solar radiation heat in the territory is 120 kcal/km2, the average annual sunshine hours are 2433 hours, the annual average temperature is 13.6°C, the annual rainfall is 666.3 mm, the annual frost-free period is 199 days, and the annual average wind speed is 2.4 meters/second. Biological resources There are many biological resources in the city. There are 15 kinds of food crops with 115 varieties, mainly wheat, corn, sorghum, millet, mung beans, sweet potatoes, soybeans, rice, etc. Cash crops mainly include cotton, peanuts, sesame, etc. There are more than 40 kinds of vegetables, fruits and vegetables that are commonly grown. There are 135 kinds of flowers of all kinds, among which: orchids are the "city flowers". There are more than 120 kinds of medicinal materials. There are 140 species and varieties of trees, shrubs, flowers and trees. There are 29 types of economic trees, including apples, peaches, apricots, pears, and hawthorns. There are 49 kinds of ornamental trees, including juniper, cypress, ginkgo, cedar, lilac, etc. Among them, juniper and cypress are the "city trees". There are 26 species of aquatic plants. Livestock and poultry mainly include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, rabbits, etc. There are 29 species of various birds, among which: the egret is the "city bird". There are also more than 10 species of wild mammals and more than 30 species of insects. Aquatic animals mainly include fish, shrimp, shellfish, etc. Mineral resources: The main mineral resources in the territory include coal, limestone, refractory clay, phosphorus, mixed granite, granite, phosphate rock, refractory clay, geothermal mineral water, river sand, etc. The proven coal reserves are about 1 billion tons and the limestone reserves are 1.66 billion tons. Historical evolution: In 249 BC, Chu conquered Lu and established Lu County. In early 596 BC, the county was named Qufu. The word "Qufu" first appeared in "Book of Rites. Mingtang Wei": "King Cheng believed that the Duke of Zhou had served the world with honors, so he granted the title of Duke Zhou to Qufu." "Erya" explains the name: "The mainland is called Fu." Yingshao of the Eastern Han Dynasty explained: "Qufu is located in the city of Lu, and is seven or eight miles long." This is the origin of the name "Qufu".

Qufu, a famous historical and cultural city in China, is the birthplace of the ancient emperors, the ancestors of the Chinese nation, the former capital of the Yin and Shang dynasties, the capital of the Zhou and Han dynasties, and a famous thinker, politician, educator and founder of the Confucian school in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The hometown of Confucius. She is famous both at home and abroad for its long history and civilization and splendid ancient oriental culture. In China's long feudal society, it has always been a holy place and city in people's hearts, and is hailed as the "Jerusalem of the East" by Westerners.

As early as ancient times, human ancestors lived and worked in Qufu, pioneering early material civilization. During the excavation of cultural relics, a large number of "Dawenkou Culture" and 'Dawenkou Culture' from 4300 BC to 2400 BC were discovered. Longshan Culture' relics. According to ancient records, four or five thousand years ago, this was the "Ruins of the Da Ting Family" where the Shennong clan of Emperor Yan lived. Du Yu's annotation said: "Dating family, the name of the ancient country, is in the city of Lu, and Lu has built a treasury on it."... "Century of Emperors" records: "The Shennong family, also named Jiang,... has sage virtues , named King Yan, he first made his capital Chen (now Huaiyang), and then moved to Lu. "

Around the 21st century BC, Qufu was one of the nine continents in the ancient Yao and Shun era. of Xuzhou domain. In the Shang Dynasty after the 16th century BC, Qufu was the capital of the Yan Kingdom and for a time became the capital of the Shang Dynasty. In 1066 BC, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty defeated Zhou and destroyed the Shang Dynasty. King Wu granted his younger brother Zhou Gongdan, the prime minister of the kingdom, to his hometown of Qufu, and established the country as "Lu".

The State of Lu was the golden period in the history of Qufu. It was the most culturally developed city in the country at that time except Haojing, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. Especially in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the famous thinker and educator Confucius gathered his disciples in the State of Lu to give lectures, and the State of Lu became the education center of the country. The culture of the State of Lu is highly developed, so people still use "Lu" as the abbreviation of Shandong Province.

In 223 BC, Qin destroyed Chu and Lu County became part of Qin. In the 26th year of the First Emperor of Qin (221 BC), China was unified and the county system was implemented. Luxue County was established in Qufu. , under the Xuzhou Department.

In the third year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (154 BC), Emperor Liu Qi changed the title of Prince Liu Yu, King of Huainan, to King of Lu, and made Lu County the capital. The King of Lu built a large-scale, majestic and luxurious Lu Palace complex on the ruins of the Zhou and Lu Imperial Palaces north of Panshui, the Lunan Palace. In order to expand the area of ??the palace, the "Shang Shu" and "Shang Shu" collected by Kong Yu were discovered in the demolition of Confucius' old residence in Queli. Bamboo slips of ancient scriptures such as The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Songs, and Ritual were able to spread and popularize Confucius’ thoughts.

In the fourth year of Kaihuang’s reign (584), Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty issued an edict to change the name of Lu County to "Wenyang". After the demise of the Lu State, it was renamed Lu County. By the end of that year, Qufu used "Lu" as the county name. It lasted for 833 years. In the 16th year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign, the county was renamed "Qufu" by imperial edict. The name "Qufu" has been used as a geographical term for thousands of years and is still used today.

During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, although Qufu was no longer the administrative center of southern Shandong, it was still valued because it was the hometown of the "sage" Confucius. Through the "Reign of Zhenguan" and the "Prosperous Age of Kaiyuan", Qufu's culture and economy have also developed unprecedentedly. In the late Tang Dynasty, the Kong family alone produced six champions and fourteen Jinshi.

Song Xianyuan County is the third ancient city in the history of Qufu after Zhou and Han Lu cities. Since the Song Dynasty valued Confucianism and Taoism, there was an endless stream of civil and military ministers and scholars who paid homage to Shaohao, Zhou Gong, and Confucius, and the cultural atmosphere was very mellow. During this period, the Wenxuan King's Hall in Confucius Temple was named "Dacheng Hall", and a stone ceremony was built in front of Confucius' tomb. Shaohao Mausoleum was overhauled and a stone tablet "Ten Thousand People Worried" was erected. In the second year of Jianyan (1129), Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, the Jin soldiers invaded and reduced the Xianyuan County seat, palaces, temples and other buildings built by the Northern Song Dynasty in Qufu to ashes, as well as a large number of precious books. Xianyuan County fell under the rule of the Jin people. And restore the old name of Qufu County.

Qufu City has undergone four major changes in history. The last time was in the mid-Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Zhengde (1571), the peasant uprising army led by Liu Liu and Liu Qi in Hebei "broke Qufu, burned hundreds of residential buildings in Guan Temple, and turned the county into a ruin". Zhu Houyi, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, ordered the governor of Shandong to rebuild a new county town with Confucius Temple as the center in the southwest corner of the old city of Lu, which is now the old city of the Ming Dynasty.

The local organizational system of Qufu in the Qing Dynasty was slightly the same as that in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing emperors made more than 10 "pilgrimages" to Qufu, and scholars and poets came to Qufu, leaving behind indescribable cultural relics for Qufu.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Qufu ushered in a new era. In 1953, Qufu was renamed under the jurisdiction of Jining. In 1958, it merged with Ziyang and was still named Qufu County. In 1962, Qufu and Zi were divided and restored. In the original organizational system, in 1983, Jining's special agency was changed to a provincial municipality, and Qufu was still affiliated with Jining City.

In June 1986, with the approval of the State Council, the county system was abolished and changed to a county-level city under the jurisdiction of the province. It was first called "Qufu City" and was under the jurisdiction of Jining City. Customs and customs Laba All activities in Laba revolve around Laba porridge: cooking and drinking porridge. Many people are arranged to make porridge. The fire-burning household among the "households" specially comes to light the fire on this day, sets up a big pot, and divides the cooked porridge into many jars. There are two types of Laba porridge: one is thick, and is given to the servants. The porridge is filled with rice, meat slices, cabbage, tofu, etc. When drinking the porridge, each person is given a pound of steamed buns; the other is thin, which is made with barley kernels, cinnamon, etc. Yuan, lotus seeds, lilies, chestnuts, red dates, red cowpeas, glutinous rice, etc. are boiled, and the porridge noodles are topped with "porridge fruits" carved from hawthorn. This kind of porridge is offered to the inner house, the tribe and the emperor. There are thousands of gods and Buddhas in the Buddhist hall, and a bowl of porridge is offered to each of the Buddhas and gods. The Incense Courtyard outside Confucius Mansion all sent nuns to ask for porridge and "pot rice" on Laba day.

Steaming Zhuang "Steaming Zhuang" is the most lively scene in the busy New Year activities of Confucius Mansion, which is to steam various steamed buns, steamed buns and cakes for the New Year. At this time, the "fire-burning households" used fire again to steam various kinds of steamed buns.

On New Year's Eve, we make dumplings all night long. Lanterns and sandalwood powder are burned everywhere in the house, carpets are laid, colorful sheds are set up in the yard, and colorful ribbons are pulled. In the afternoon, I went to the main hall to salute, and after dinner, I went to the ancestral temple to say goodbye. Adults give their children "New Year's money" and put it in a red paper bag with the words "Longevity" written on it and put it next to the pillow. Each person prepares a cloisonné food box, which contains Ruyi made of sticky rice noodles, small persimmons, oranges, etc. On New Year's Eve, Duke Yan would personally go to Anhuai Hall (also known as the "Nine Suites") to make offerings and worship the old white-bearded fairy. It is said that all the elves and ghosts in the Confucius Mansion are under the control of this old white-bearded fairy.

On New Year's Day, after midnight, all people get up to worship the gods of heaven and earth. In the courtyard of the front room, a "Heaven and Earth Tower" is built with mats facing each direction, east, west, south, north, northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest, with a table in each direction, and a tablet of God on the table, with one in the middle. The tablets of the Gods of Heaven and Earth are placed on the table. Next to the "Heaven and Earth Tower", a "celestial pole" is erected, and a "sky lantern" is lit, which remains lit day and night for half a month. When I wake up on the morning of New Year's Day, I don't speak for a while and touch the contents of the food box and the New Year's money with my hands. After getting up, I worship the temple, the ancestral hall, and receive New Year greetings from servants. My family comes to Confucius Mansion to pay New Year greetings. In the afternoon, the local "Dragon Lantern Festival" lion dance and other performances came to the Confucius Mansion, and the servants and "fireworks dealers" of the Confucius Mansion set off fireworks.

Dragon Boat Festival During the Dragon Boat Festival, realgar wine is used to wipe the foreheads of children. When wiping the wine, write the word "王" on the forehead of the young Duke Yan Sheng, and only wipe a few lines horizontally on the girl's forehead.

On July 7th, in the courtyard of the front hall, there are several tables stacked on top of each other, and an incense burner is placed on the top table to serve sweet fruits. The sweet fruits are cut out with molds and come in various shapes. , fried.

Connecting to the Big Dipper It is said that Confucius descended to earth from the Big Dipper in the sky. There are seven buildings in the Confucius Mansion arranged in the shape of the Big Dipper, which are called the "Ming Seven Stars", indicating that Confucius' Mansion is connected to the Big Dipper in the sky. Every year on the fourth day of the eighth lunar month, Duke Yansheng would worship the Big Dipper, which was called "Jie Beidou" to show that the Confucius Mansion was constantly connected with the sky and to ensure that the Confucius Mansion would "grow together in the same sky". The ceremony of "connecting Beidou" is extremely mysterious. Only Yan Shenggong and a "connector" participated. On the wall of the front hall of the inner house, there is a glass cover with a small watch inside. Inside the small watch is a ball of thread. On the night of the fourth day of August when "connecting the Beidou", Yan Shenggong and the "connector" quietly took out the ball of thread, went to the Buddhist hall building, placed five bowls as offerings, burned a stream of incense, and arranged seven oil lamps in the shape of a Beidou. It's called "Seven Star Lamp". After placing the offerings, watching the people in the Buddhist hall leave, Yanshenggong kowtowed first, and the "connector" kowtowed again, and then took out the ball of thread. There were many broken threads of different colors, including yellow, white, The five colors of black, green, and red represent yellow producing earth, earth producing gold, gold producing water, water producing wood, and wood producing fire. The "connector" connected several sections of wire to the end of the line in turn, and the Kong Mansion was connected to the Beidou in the sky. Economic Overview Qufu City’s industrial economy is operating well, with increasing incremental growth. In 2003, the city's industries above designated size achieved sales revenue of 2.589 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 352 million yuan, and profits of 139 million yuan. A number of projects including a daily output of 2,500 tons of rotary kiln cement clinker, new brake pads, and variable frequency speed regulators were completed and put into production, becoming new economic growth points. A number of projects such as biochips, Xingcun coal mine, and 50,000 yarn yarn expansion capacity expansion are progressing smoothly. A number of enterprises such as Jinxiu Textile, Jinhuang Piston, Tianbo Auto Parts, and Huaneng Electric have developed rapidly and become an important force in promoting industrial economic growth. The private economy has grown rapidly, and large-scale enterprises have increased significantly.

Adhering to equal emphasis on quantitative expansion and qualitative improvement, the scale and grade of the private economy have been further improved.

In 2003, the operating income was 6.807 billion yuan, the treasury tax was 231 million yuan, the number of private economic households reached 14,702, and the number of employees reached 75,276. Key enterprises such as the Municipal Paper Mill, Shengwang Group, Tianmu Group, and Yuanda Engineering have a good momentum of development, and a number of enterprises such as Lukang Starch Sugar and Casting Materials are developing and growing.

The investment promotion has achieved remarkable results, and the economic highlights of the park have emerged. In 2003, *** signed 192 investment projects, including 10 projects with investment over 100 million yuan. The contracted investment was 8.3 billion yuan, and the actual funds in place were 1.13 billion yuan. The export-oriented economy achieved new breakthroughs, and the city completed export earnings of 20.3 million US dollars. , the contract utilized foreign capital of 40.48 million U.S. dollars, and the actual utilization of foreign capital was 17.97 million U.S. dollars, exceeding the task target assigned by Jining City. The Jining Customs Qufu office and supervision station were put into operation, and the opening up to the outside world was further strengthened. In accordance with the idea of ??expanding the two wings and advancing overall, the Qufu Industrial Park is planned to be launched, the construction of the economic development zone is accelerated, and the framework for the rapid advancement of Qufu's industrialization and urbanization is opened. The first phase of the development zone has been fully implemented, and the second phase planning has been launched. The total revenue from technology, industry and trade for the whole year was 1.53 billion yuan, profits and taxes were 150 million yuan, and treasury taxes were 100 million yuan. Administrative division Qufu is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, 135 kilometers from the provincial capital Jinan to the north and 45 kilometers from Jining to the southwest. It borders Taidai to the north, Fuyi to the south, Sishui to the east, and Yanzhou to the west.

The geographical coordinates are 116°51′-117°13′ east longitude and 35°29′-35°49′ north latitude.

Qufu Shi

0537

370881

273100

Municipal People's Government in Lucheng Street

Qufu City has jurisdiction over 1 economic development zone, 2 streets, 5 towns, and 4 townships: Qufu Economic Development Zone (Shizhuang Town), Lucheng Street, Shuyuan Street, Wucun Town, Yaocun Town, and Lingcheng Town , Xiaoxue Town, Nanxin Town, Shizhuang Town, Wangzhuang Township, Dongzhuang Township, Xizou Township, and Fangshan Township. ***41 neighborhood committees, 355 village committees, and 483 natural villages. Cultural monuments Qufu City has 112 key cultural relics protection units, including 4 national key cultural relics protection units and 12 provincial level ones. The Confucius Temple, known as the treasure house of Chinese calligraphy art, the Confucius Mansion, "the first in the world", and the world's largest The family cemetery Konglin is listed as a world historical and cultural heritage. In addition, Shouqiu, the birthplace of the Yellow Emperor, the Chinese Pyramid Shaohao Mausoleum, Houshengyan Temple, Yuansheng Zhougong Temple, the Nishan Ancient Building Group, and the Jiulongshan Han Tomb Group are also famous. The newly built Confucius Six Arts City, the Analects of Confucius Monument Garden, the Confucius Essence Garden and other new attractions have also become tourist attractions admired and yearned for by the world. When visiting Qufu, the special marks of the ancient city that can be carried in a backpack are the three treasures of Qufu: stele inscriptions, regular script carvings, and Nishan inkstones.

The China Qufu International Confucius Cultural Festival, the main tourism event held every year in Qufu, is held from September 26th to October 10th every year. Urban Construction Traffic Conditions Qufu is located at an important transportation hub, with criss-crossing railways and well-developed highways. The Beijing-Shanghai Railway runs obliquely to the northwest, the Yanzhou-Shijiazhuang Railway crosses the southeast, and the Yannan Railway circles the hinterland. National Highway 104 and Beijing-Fuzhou Expressway run from north to south, and National Highway 327 and Ridong Expressway run from east to west. The city and countryside are connected by highways, and the city's total highway mileage is 900 kilometers.

Communication means There are 14 post and telecommunications offices and branches in the city. The installed capacity of program-controlled telephones has reached 25,000, and mobile communication services have been opened. Entered the domestic and international communication network. Program-controlled telephones have been opened in all 13 towns and villages in the city, and every village has access to telephones. The post and telecommunications system has fully realized program-controlled telephones, digital transmission, building-based rural branch offices, and computerized business processing.

The urban planning area of ??municipal construction is 160 square kilometers, the urban area is 20 kilometers, and the urban population is 150,000. The urban layout formed a cross-petal shape with the ancient city of Ming Dynasty as the center, Donglu (site of the ancient city of Lu), Xiwen (Qufu Normal University), Nanxin (new city area) and Beilin (Konglin). The city's main roads are composed of six horizontal and five vertical roads and outer ring roads. The water supply capacity is 65,000 cubic meters per day; a pipeline gas plant with a gas supply capacity of 80,000 cubic meters per day has been built, and the urban gasification rate has reached 80%; the construction of a sewage treatment plant that treats 40,000 tons of sewage per day is being stepped up; The urban thermal power plant project has entered the implementation stage.

In terms of power supply, Qufu has developed a power grid structure with reasonable layout, economical operation, safety and reliability consisting of four voltage levels: 220 kV, 110 kV, 35 kV, and 10 kV. . There are currently 4 220 kV substations, 2 110 kV substations, and 5 35 kV substations.

Development Goals In the next few years, Qufu will be based on its resources and location advantages, with tourism as the leader, structural adjustment as the main line, deepening reform and technological progress as the driving force, and building an "Oriental Holy City" It is the focus of a distinctive and economically strong city and builds the framework of a modern historical and cultural city, a world Confucian research center, and an ecological tourism city.

Cultural Industry Qufu has become a national-level cultural industry demonstration park.

New projects include Qufu New Bus Station, which will be put into use at the end of 2009, and the Confucius Commodity Trading City Famous Specialty Products. Qufu fragrant rice, Guodan apricot, and mineral water, which are abundant in Qufu, are known as the "Three Treasures of Qufu". The Kongfujiajiu, regular-carved Ruyi, all-wool carpets, faucet hand sticks and Nishan stone inkstones produced are known as the "Five Unique Things in Shandong".

The Confucius Mansion Banquet was a high-end banquet specially prepared when the Confucius Mansion received distinguished guests, honored guests, festivals, birthdays, weddings and funerals. It is a unique flavor gradually formed after hundreds of years of continuous development and enrichment. Family dinner. The Confucius Banquet was gradually formed by absorbing cooking techniques from all over the country. For hundreds of years, the Confucian banquet has been continuously renovated and has been passed down to this day.

Confucius pastry, like the Confucius Banquet, is a unique pastry with a long history and has been passed down from generation to generation. Especially during the Ming and Qing dynasties, Kongfu pastries were much better than the famous pastries sold in the market. The pastries of Kongfu pay attention to eating and baking them now, and strive to have the best color, aroma, taste and shape.

Kaifeng carving is a craft product unique to Qufu and has a history of thousands of years. The raw material of regular carving is regular tree. The two round sculptured standing statues of Confucius and his wife Qi Guanshi collected by the Confucius Mansion are said to have been carved from regular wood by Zigong when he was guarding Confucius's tomb. The traditional products of Qufu regular carving are walking sticks and Ruyi. Regular wood is solid and pliable, straight but not horizontal. It can be carved into a staff and will not break sharply. The branches can be broken into a staff, which is naturally bent and looks like a dragon or snake, which is quaint and cute. The regular wood grain is fine, the color is golden, the carving is as desired, exquisite and clear, and it is as continuous as silk. It once won an award at the Panama Expo.

The stele sticker is made from the stele stone by rubbing it with paper and ink. Qufu is one of the main producing areas of stele stickers in my country. Because the stone tablet resources here are rich, there are more than 5,000 stone tablets from all dynasties since the Western Han Dynasty. It is one of the places with the highest concentration of stone tablets in my country. There are many techniques for rubbing the stele in Qufu, but there are only two types: rubbing rubbing and rubbing. The rubbing is mainly based on rubbing. The rubbings are delicate and exquisite, and are deeply loved by people.

Nishan inkstone is named after its stone material is taken from Nishan. The "Qufu County Chronicle" revised during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty states: "The stone from Nishan has fine texture and fine texture, is hard in texture and yellow in color, and can be used as inkstones." This shows that the production of inkstones from Nishan stone has a long history. The production of Nishan inkstones is known for its simplicity and elegance. A square inkstone, skillfully used naturally and slightly embellished, is full of interest; it produces ink like a file, licks the pen like oil, and leaves no scratches when wiped. The most outstanding Nishan inkstone is the Songhua inkstone, which is brownish-yellow in color and covered with blue and black pine patterns. The inkstone uses the natural shape of the stone to create an ink pool, and the pine pattern is carved into a relief on the forehead, which is elegant and lovely.

Qufu fragrant rice is white in color with slightly green heads. The rice is sticky, fine and oily, and has a fragrant and mellow taste. It is known as "one family cooks and the fragrance spreads ten miles away". It is also a tribute to the emperor. And famous far and wide. City Appearance: Urban construction has basically formed a cross-petal urban construction pattern with Ming Gucheng as the center and Donggong, Xiwen, Nanxin and Beilin. The old city maintains its traditional style and harmonious environment, while the new city develops towards the southern new district and the railway station.

All the streets and alleys in the urban area have been built with asphalt or cement pavements. Street trees, mainly Sophora japonica, have been planted on each main street. Hedges and green spaces have been added to the roadsides. The eight bridgeheads of the moat have all undergone key greening. beautify. The urban area has reached 9.2 square kilometers, the green coverage rate is 36.6%, the main street cleaning rate is 100%, the urban road length is 97.2 kilometers, and the road area is 1.14 million square meters.

The ancient old city has become a tourist city with wide roads, numerous buildings, beautiful environment and complete service facilities.