Let’s talk about how to improve our country’s People’s Congress system based on the practice of foreign political systems.

The main characteristics of the presidential system of government represented by the United States are: the president is both the head of state, exercising the power of the head of state, commanding the army, and the head of the government, exercising executive power, directly leading the government (cabinet), and the cabinet Ministers are appointed by the president and are responsible to the president; the president is not elected by Congress and is not responsible to Congress. Congress cannot force the president to resign through a motion of no-confidence, and the president cannot dissolve Congress; Congress exercises legislative power, but the president can issue a state of the nation advisory to Congress. The article proposes legislative proposals and can exercise veto power on bills passed by Congress. If both houses of Congress pass it again by a two-thirds majority, the bill will become law without the approval of the president, and Congress has the right to impeach the president; the court In exercising judicial power, the President appoints judges of the Supreme Court, subject to approval by Congress, and the Supreme Court exercises judicial review power over Congress' legislative acts and the President's executive acts. Obviously, the reason why the political system of the United States is called a presidential system is not only because the United States has a president, but mainly because the president occupies a central position in the power relations and structure of the entire country.

The main characteristics of a parliamentary system of government are: the head of state is a virtual head of state who does not hold real power and only represents the country formally. The government (cabinet) is composed of the party or party alliance that has obtained a majority of seats in the parliament. The parliament is responsible and subject to parliamentary supervision. When the parliament passes a motion of no confidence, the government (cabinet) must resign, or the prime minister (prime minister) must request the head of state to dissolve the parliament and hold a new election. Parliamentary systems can be divided into parliamentary monarchy and parliamentary monarchy. The main difference between parliamentary monarchy and parliamentary monarchy is that their heads of state are different: the head of state of parliamentary monarchy is the monarch, who represents the country. There are the United Kingdom, Japan, etc.; the head of state of the parliamentary system is the president, and the representative countries include Germany, Italy, etc. Obviously, this type of government is called a parliamentary system because of the central position of parliament in the power relations and structures of these countries. Since the cabinet is composed of the party or party alliance that obtains a majority of seats in the parliament, the fact that the parliament is at the center of power actually means that the cabinet is at the center of power, so the parliamentary system is usually also called the cabinet system.

The semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary system represented by France is a political system in which the president occupies a central position in the country's power relations and structure but also has the characteristics of a parliamentary system. Its main characteristics are: the president is the head of state and is governed by the electorate. It is elected, is not responsible to the parliament, actually controls the highest administrative power, and has the power to appoint the prime minister and ministers and other cabinet members, preside over cabinet meetings, issue presidential advisory letters, ask the parliament to reconsider bills, and command the military. This is obviously different from the American style. Presidential systems are similar. However, this kind of government has the prime minister as the head of the government, and the government is responsible to the parliament. When the parliament passes a motion of no confidence or vetoes the government's policy agenda, the prime minister must submit a general resignation to the president. This has the characteristics of a parliamentary system, so the design General de Gaulle called this form of government a "semi-presidential, semi-parliamentary system"

The main features of the committee system of government are: the highest administrative organ of the country is the Federal Council composed of 7 members, elected by the Federal Parliament , is the executive organ of the Federal Parliament, the highest authority in the country, but is not responsible to the Federal Parliament; the Federal Parliament cannot raise a motion of no confidence in the Federal Council, and the Federal Council has no power to dissolve the Federal Parliament, and members of the Federal Council cannot concurrently serve as members of the Federal Parliament. The Chairman of the Federal Council, the President of the Federation, is the head of state and the head of government. He is appointed by the Federal Parliament from among the members of the Federal Council for a one-year term. He is not eligible for re-election and has no real power. Various decisions of the Federal Council are made collectively by the Federal Council. Obviously, the committee system is a political system in which the committee is the center of state power. Currently, only Switzerland in the world adopts this form of government.

From the characteristics of the above various political systems, we can see that the problem of political system is the problem of power relations in the entire country. The power relations between the head of state, the government, parliament, courts and other state organs are different, and the power centers are different. , the political system is also different. Obviously, the essence of a political system is the power relationship between state agencies, that is, which state agency is at the center of the power relationship in the entire country.

The People's Congress system of government is the national political system established by our country's Constitution. We must abide by the Constitution, unswervingly adhere to the People's Congress system of government, and conscientiously implement and improve it in practice. We must Correct the current practices that are inconsistent with the provisions of the Constitution so that the People's Congress system of government can truly play its role, turn the provisions of the Constitution into the reality of national political life to the letter, and safeguard the authority of the Constitution.

(1) To improve the party’s leadership over all state organs such as the People’s Congress

Upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China over the country is a basic principle established in the preamble of our country’s constitution , we should adhere to this principle. However, the leadership of the party should not directly issue orders to state agencies, let alone take over the work of replacing state agencies. We must overcome the phenomenon of indivisibility between the party and the government, the use of the party to replace government, and even the institutionalization of the party and the state. Otherwise, our country's political system will not be constitutional. The stipulated People's Congress system of government became a "party-state government system."

(2) It is necessary to straighten out the relationship between the People’s Congress and other state organs

First of all, it is necessary to straighten out the relationship between state power organs and state administrative organs. Secondly, we must straighten out the relationship between state power agencies and national judicial agencies. Thirdly, it is necessary to straighten out the relationship between the national administrative agencies and the national judicial agencies.

(3) We must speed up the reform of the People’s Congress organization itself

The essence of the People’s Congress system of government is that the People’s Congress plays a central role in the power relations of the entire country, so it is necessary to improve The People's Congress system naturally requires reform of the People's Congress organization itself.