What is the enlightenment of "Khufu riding and shooting"

King Wuling of Zhao (reigned from 325 BC to 299 BC) was the sixth king of Zhao. During his reign, Zhao took two major measures, one was to reward farming, and the other was to reform the military system. "Khufu riding and shooting" is a reform in the military system, but its influence far exceeds the original scope.

Most of northern Zhao is a nomadic tribe of Hu people. Although they didn't have a big conflict with Zhao. But small harassment is also constant. When the conference semifinals fought, they wore short coats and rode horses. Flexible movements, flying back and forth, flying at the same time, and archery at the same time, very effective. Zhao's army, though superior in weapons to the conference semifinals, is mostly a mixed team of infantry and chariots. Moreover, soldiers wear robes, long sleeves, fat waist, wide neckline and big hem, and then put on armor, which is cumbersome and not conducive to flexible operations. In view of this, King Wuling of Zhao wanted to learn riding and shooting from the Hu people and establish cavalry. But to learn to ride and shoot, we must first reform our clothes and adopt Hu ren's shorts and trousers.

One day in the spring of 307 BC, King Wuling of Zhao summoned Fei Yi, the minister, to discuss with him the implementation of "riding and shooting the parishioners in hufu". King Wuling of Zhao asked, "I'm afraid this matter will arouse many people's discussion and opposition. What do you think? " Fei Yi replied: "Doubt is useless, doubt is nameless." If you worry too much, you can't succeed; If you have doubts about implementing a measure, you can't do it. ) Fei Yi went on to say, "Since ancient times, customs are not immutable. Once upon a time, there was a backward tribe named Miao who danced very well. Shun learned to dance from them; Yu also learned dance from the Luo tribe. So don't worry, king, just make up your mind to learn to ride and shoot in Khufu! " This strengthened the determination of King Wuling of Zhao.

However, Wang Wuling's plan of "riding and shooting angrily" was strongly opposed by some members of the royal family, and his uncle and son were the first to bear the brunt. Their reason is that the Central Plains is a place where civilized people live. Everything is perfect and there is a legacy of sages. It practiced benevolence and righteousness, used poetry, books, rituals and music, and developed technology. This is an example for barbarians to learn. Now we should throw away these things and engage in riding and shooting. This is to change the teachings of ancient sages and replace the ancient statutes, but it is absolutely impossible.

Embroidery Zhao Wuling Wang personally went to Gongzi to get married and do persuasion work. King Wuling of Zhao pointed out that clothes should be convenient to wear and manners should be convenient to do things. If the environment is different, we should take corresponding measures instead of sticking to the customs and systems that are no longer applicable in the Central Plains. After a day of argument, King Wuling of Zhao finally got Cheng Gongzi to agree and expressed his willingness to take the lead in implementation.

However, Prince Zhao Wen, Zhao Zao, Zhao Jun and other ministers still opposed it. They accused: "Clothing custom is an ancient etiquette. It is a sin to change the ancient law. " King Wuling of Zhao retorted: "Ancient and modern customs are different. What is the ancient law? The emperor is not hereditary. What rituals must be followed? Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties all formulated laws and regulations according to different times and etiquette according to different things. Etiquette and law are all adapted to local conditions; Clothes and equipment, as long as it is convenient to use, do not have to stick to the ancient law. " Zhao Wen and others felt that it was unreasonable and opposed it again, so they agreed to change it to Khufu.

So King Wuling of Zhao ordered the whole country to wear Hu clothes. Because wearing Hu clothes has brought a lot of convenience to daily life, it has quickly won the support of the broad masses of the people. King Wuling of Zhao gave a stern warning to some people who refused to wear khufu, scaring them into accepting the reform.

After the success of Khufu's measures, King Wuling of Zhao personally trained a powerful cavalry team and changed the original military equipment. From the second year of riding and shooting, Zhao's national strength gradually became stronger. In 306 BC, Zhao captured thousands of miles of land in the north. In 305 BC, it attacked Zhongshan again. After the fiasco, Sun Yat-sen proposed making peace with the four cities. In 300 BC, Zhao captured a large area of Zhongshan. By 299 BC, when King Wuling of Zhao gave way to his son King Huiwen of Zhao, Zhao was already one of the seven great powers.

King Wuling of Zhao learned from the Hu people and borrowed shorts and trousers, which later became a part of the national costume of the Han nationality and have been used for more than two thousand years. The cavalry he formed promoted the development of the national cavalry in the Central Plains.

The example of "Khufu riding and shooting" tells us that a nation and a culture must constantly draw nutrition from the outside world in order to develop continuously and maintain its vitality forever. It is with this open and inclusive mechanism that the Chinese nation and Chinese culture can develop into Han nationality and culture.