Overview of BIM technology application?

What is the application status of bim technology? How should it be applied? Please read the article edited by Zhong Da Consulting Company.

With the rapid development of information technology and construction industry, as well as the changing requirements of owners for the appearance and function of buildings, the traditional architectural model has obviously failed to meet the needs. Information building model technology BIM came into being. This paper mainly introduces the application of BIM technology in the design, construction and operation and maintenance stages of building engineering. In the design stage, designers compare, optimize and make decisions through BIM technology to achieve the optimal design; In the construction stage, the constructor mainly uses it to carry out virtual construction, find and solve problems in advance, ensure the quality of the project and realize green construction; In the operation and maintenance stage, the management conducted diversified communication through it, which made the information transmission faster and more real, and the project was effectively controlled.

The wave of scientific and technological information innovation has swept the world, and digitalization has been well applied in various fields, which has changed the traditional working mode and greatly improved the work efficiency. In this context, building information modeling (BIM) technology has developed rapidly. It organically combines computer simulation technology, computer aided design, computer science and technology, computer graphics and virtual reality, completely changing the working mode of a large number of complex words and tables under two-dimensional plane drawings in traditional construction industry and replacing them with more vivid and three-dimensional models.

It can truly and comprehensively express all the physical and functional architectural information of a building project. To be exact, it is a dynamic information storage center, which is constantly trimmed, supplemented and improved throughout the construction life cycle. Participants in various professional fields can freely publish, convey and extract the accurate information they need through this information interaction platform. In a sense, it has changed the single communication mode in the construction industry in the past, diversified the information transmission, effectively improved the work quality of all participants in the construction industry, become a major innovation in the construction field, fundamentally promoted the development of the construction industry, and has high value.

The concept of BIM appeared 30 years ago. Foreign BIM technology developed earlier, and scholars all over the world attach great importance to it and are constantly studying and developing it. At present, the representative softwares based on BIM technology are TriForma of Bentley and ArchiCAD of Graphisoft of Hungary. In 2002, China formally put forward the concept of BIM technology. Then in 2004, Autodesk implemented the Great Wall Project, and introduced BIM technology systematically for the first time, which attracted the attention of relevant construction enterprises. Relevant departments have successively held BIM theme seminars such as "Face to Face with Sustainable Design Experts", "BIM Architectural Design Competition" and "Advanced Training Course on BIM Technology in Survey and Design Industry".

Autodesk and others subsequently launched a series of application software such as Revit, and companies such as Shanghai Hyundai Construction Group also used BIM technology in some projects. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China has emphasized the popularization and application of BIM technology in the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth Five-Year Plans for information development. Relevant departments often hold national BIM competitions, and many universities in China have carried out pioneering research in this field. The earliest experimental research on BIM technology in China is Xi 'an Virtual Reality Engineering Technology Research Center affiliated to the Department of Electronic Engineering of Northwestern Polytechnical University. The establishment of this center has a positive impact on the aspects of virtual reality, virtual simulation and virtual manufacturing [1] in other departments and research institutes such as School of Electronic Information Engineering. In recent years, the country also requires large-scale complex construction projects to adopt BIM technology, which will be beneficial to the subsequent development of BIM technology in the construction industry. It is believed that with the maturity of BIM technology, it will become an indispensable new technology in the future construction market.

With the joint efforts of scholars from all over the world, BIM technology is becoming more and more mature. Many practical engineering cases show that BIM technology can be basically applied to the whole life cycle of engineering projects, including design decision-making stage, construction stage and operation management stage. Application of 1 BIM technology in design stage

For designers, the emergence of BIM technology is a great liberation from using AutoCAD for manual drawing to not drawing structural drawings. In addition, it can also stereoscopic the more abstract two-dimensional plane graphics, so as to see the actual effect of the whole building project in advance, and can repeatedly adjust and accurately locate the places that do not meet their expectations until the best design scheme is worked out. In addition, because all data parameters are related to the model, even if the construction environment changes or other uncertain factors occur in the later stage of project implementation, the dimensions of other parts of the building model will be automatically adjusted and all relevant information will be updated after the designer makes a single operation adjustment.

Therefore, usually only one type of building engineering needs to be modeled once, and then the model only needs to be called in the later stage, without editing and modifying again, which is convenient for designers, saves manpower time, reduces drawing pressure and greatly improves work efficiency. At present, the design units of many construction companies also use BIM technology, especially for large-scale engineering projects, in order to show the concepts and functions of their design products to the owners more clearly and intuitively. In this process, the traditional problem that owners can't participate due to lack of professional knowledge background is well overcome, so that they can really participate in collaborative design, thus achieving satisfactory results for all parties.

For example, BIM technology was adopted in the design of the main gymnasium of Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center, which changed the traditional way of displaying with manual models such as cartons and foam. The architect will import the conceived sketch into the corresponding software environment of BIM technology, parametrically design the appearance and quantity of lotus petals, and constantly adjust and compare them until the final scheme is determined. The whole process is accurate, high-speed and highly synchronized. In addition, because the design of the stadium requires high functions such as fire prevention, evacuation, temperature and sound, BIM technology is used to simulate and predict the sound pressure range distribution of 83Hz, 125Hz and 250Hz in the audience seating area of the stadium, which proves that the sound environment distribution of the stadium is uniform and ensures the defects of the silent field of the whole project.

With the emergence and development of BIM technology, the concept of "green building" has gradually become familiar to people. Green building refers to the whole life cycle of an actual project, adapting to local conditions and using local materials, saving energy to the maximum extent, reducing pollution and providing people with a healthy, comfortable and practical environment. Green building mainly changes the sound, light and thermal environment of the building through architectural design. It avoids the characteristics of poor visualization and incomplete information of traditional two-dimensional drawings, and designers can easily obtain information such as project cost, schedule and geometry, so as to make decisions and designs more quickly. For example, the design of Nanning Planning Exhibition Hall combines BIM technology.

The shape of this project is an anisotropic surface. Traditional two-dimensional drawings are difficult to express the designer's thoughts and intentions, and BIM technology can effectively solve this problem. The project uses digital modeling software to parameterize and digitize the information of the exhibition hall to form a model. The designer uses this as a platform to feed back the problems found in the design to the platform and solve them. Analyze and optimize the solar radiation, indoor lighting, acoustic environment and indoor and outdoor wind environment respectively, implement the green concept of sustainable development of energy saving and emission reduction, and make maximum use of limited resources. It is a brand-new high-level design mode. Similarly, BIM technology has been applied to the railway route planning of Shigushan Tunnel on Baolan Passenger Dedicated Line, and many similar projects such as the German Pavilion, the Austrian Pavilion of the World Expo, the spatial planning and material management information system of the Olympic Village of the Beijing Olympic Games, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and the Hong Kong subway, etc., which can be completed smoothly and quickly by combining BIM technology.

Although BIM technology has a great influence in the design stage, it has not been fully popularized at present. The main reason is that the hard disk configuration of most computers in China needs to be improved, and the development of design system and professional software is not perfect. There is no special BIM technical specification in China, which leads to unclear responsibility attribution. Because all parties involved in various fields have access to the model, there will be no accountability if the model information is leaked. However, there are some differences between foreign related software and China building standards.

In addition, due to different ways of thinking, China designers' acceptance of three-dimensional models needs to be improved, and some even have resistance; On the other hand, because software is relatively expensive, it takes a certain amount of money, material resources and time to train specialized personnel, which will cause certain economic pressure on some small companies and enterprises; For small projects, more companies tend to adopt traditional design methods. All these lead to few practical examples of BIM technology in China's construction projects, and lack of experience, which is in the initial stage of exploration.

2 BIM technology application in the construction stage

For the construction unit, there are many uncertain factors and unexpected situations in the construction site, especially for some large-scale projects. The construction unit mainly uses BIM technology for virtual construction, that is, simulating the actual construction process on the computer. Virtual reality technology is a secondary development technology, which can build the real environment around buildings in multi-dimensional space by using simulation system, and realize more real interactive experience by using three-dimensional digital technologies such as computer graphics and sensors, making people feel immersive. At the same time, the computer simulation technology is used to simulate the situation of buildings when they are loaded and hit, to simulate the effect of the project in the full real environment, and to analyze the influence and damage degree.

For the whole construction process, the simulation analysis and simulation loading of internal and external forces are essential steps to ensure the quality and safety of the later projects. In this process, the construction party can also find and eliminate defects or potential hidden dangers in actual operation in advance, such as pipeline collision. After seeing the whole construction process intuitively, the constructor can adjust and improve his own construction technology, and realize the optimal construction scheme by comparing different construction schemes. Through BIM technology, on the one hand, it provides experience for the construction of actual projects, which is conducive to the selection of construction technology and construction scheme, avoids rework in the construction process, improves the construction level, ensures the quality of actual projects in the later period and reduces the occurrence of engineering accidents. On the other hand, it can effectively guide the construction party to plan and arrange the construction process reasonably, shorten the construction period, save costs, achieve good economy and realize green buildings.

As far as Shanghai Hongqiao Hub Project is concerned, the project used BIM technology to reduce losses by more than 50 million, while the construction period of Beijing World Financial Center Project was shortened by half, and more than 6,000 collision problems were found in time and accurately [8], which avoided unnecessary losses and improved the core competitiveness of enterprises.

The above summary of the application status of BIM technology is the content of Zhong Da Consulting.

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