Civil air defense design summary

Introduction to civil air defense projects

(1) Civil air defense

Civil air defense is to mobilize and organize urban residents to take protective measures to protect people's lives and safety and avoid or reduce the national economy. losses, preserving the war potential of air defense.

(2) Air defense basement

An air defense basement is a basement with a predetermined wartime air defense function. In a house, if the indoor ground level is lower than the outdoor ground level and the height exceeds 1/2 of the clear height of the room, it is a basement.

(3) Design guidelines for air defense basements

The policy of “long-term preparation, key construction, and combination of peacetime and wartime” must be implemented.

(4) The role of air defense basements

During air raids - provide a safe space for personnel and materials.

After air raids - provide necessary living conditions or working conditions.

Classification of civil air defense projects:

(1) According to construction methods

(2) According to defensive weapons

(3) According to Classification of resistance levels

Resistance levels against conventional weapons are Level 5 and Level 6

referred to as Level 5 and Level 6 respectively;

Resistance level against nuclear weapons is Level 4 Level, Level 4B, Level 5, Level 6 and Level 6B

are respectively referred to as nuclear level 4, nuclear level 4B, nuclear level 5, nuclear level 6 and nuclear level 6B

( 4) Divided according to wartime functions

Command engineering

Medical rescue engineering

Air defense professional team engineering

Professional team member shelter and professional Team Equipment Shelter Department

Personnel Shelter Project

First-class personnel shelter—government agencies, support departments (water supply, power supply, etc.)

Second-class personnel shelter— Ordinary citizens who stayed in the city during the war

Supporting projects:

Regional power station, regional water supply station, civil air defense material warehouse, civil air defense garage, food station; production workshop, alarm station, nuclear, biological and chemical Monitoring center, civil air defense traffic trunk (branch) road.

Weapon effects and engineering protection:

(1) Weapon effects

(2) Engineering protection

(3) Chemical defense requirements

Planning and general plan layout requirements:

(1) Design features of civil air defense basements

(2) Layout requirements

Avoid Dangerous targets

The distance between air-proof basements and factories and warehouses that produce and store flammable and explosive materials should not be less than 50m;

The distance between storage tanks for hazardous liquids and heavily toxic gases should not be less than 50m. 1OOm.

Service radius of personnel masking projects

Personnel masking projects should be arranged at a moderate location where personnel live and work, and their service radius should not be greater than 200m.

Connection between projects

According to the needs of wartime and peacetime use, adjacent air defense basements and between air defense basements and adjacent urban underground buildings should be within a certain range Connected.

Coordination of the surrounding environment

The layout of the outdoor entrances and exits, air inlets, air exhaust outlets, diesel engine smoke exhaust outlets and ventilation and lighting windows of the air-raid basement should meet the requirements for wartime and peacetime use. and ground building planning requirements.

Basic design requirements for civil air defense projects:

(1) Elevation of the bottom surface of the roof

Class B air defense basement

The bottom surface of the roof is higher than the outdoor ground The height of the plane shall not be greater than 1/2 of the net height of the basement, and the exterior walls beyond the outdoor ground level must meet various protection requirements such as wartime protection against conventional weapon explosions, sealing, and wall protection thickness.

For Class A air defense basements whose superstructure is a reinforced concrete structure, the bottom surface of the roof shall not be higher than the outdoor ground level; for Class A air defense basements whose superstructure is a masonry structure, the bottom surface of the roof may be higher out of the outdoor ground level, but must comply with the following regulations:

1) For local nuclear level 5 Class A air-proof basements with soil borrowing conditions, the height of the bottom surface of the roof above the outdoor ground level shall not be greater than 0.50m, and In times of war, the outer wall above the outdoor ground level should be covered with soil according to the following requirements. The cross-section of the covering soil should be trapezoidal. The width of the upper horizontal section should not be less than 1.0m, and the height should not be lower than the upper surface of the air defense basement roof. The outside of the horizontal section is a slope, and the slope must not be greater than 1:3 (height: width);

2) For nuclear level 6 and nuclear level 6B Class A air defense basements, the bottom surface of the roof is higher than the outdoor ground level The height of the roof shall not be greater than 1.00m, and its outer wall higher than the outdoor ground level must meet various protection requirements such as wartime prevention of conventional weapon explosions, nuclear weapons explosions, airtightness, and wall protection thickness; the bottom surface of the roof shall not be higher than the outdoor ground level. —That is, "fully buried civil air defense".

(2) Pipe penetration restrictions

Pipes unrelated to the air defense basement should not pass through the civil air defense enclosure structure;

The domestic sewage pipes, rainwater pipes, Gas pipes are not allowed to enter the air-raid basement;

The nominal diameter of the pipes that pass through the roof, void walls and door frame walls of the air-raid basement should not be greater than 150mm;

All pipes that enter the air-raid basement and The civil air defense enclosure structures it passes through shall be protected and sealed.

For Class B air-proof basements and Class A air-proof basements with nuclear level 5, nuclear 6, and nuclear 6B, when the drainage pipe collecting wastewater from the upper floor needs to be led into the air-proof basement, the floor drain should be Use explosion-proof floor drain. (For example: the upper floor of the air-raid basement is a car garage)

Note: Irrelevant pipes refer to pipes in the air-raid basement that are not used in wartime or peacetime.

(3) Protected areas and non-protected areas

The design of air defense basements should first clearly divide the protected areas.

The protective area refers to the area within the protective airtight door (explosion-proof wave valve) of the air-proof basement. —That is, the area where the shock wave cannot reach freely. Including the main body (i.e. cleaning area) and the poisoning area (mouth)

The non-protective area refers to the area outside the air-proof basement protective airtight door (explosion-proof wave valve). —That is, the area where the shock wave can reach freely.

Non-protected areas include:

1. Elevator room

2. Superstructure equipment room

3. Areas other than protective closed doors Passages, stairwells, pipe wells, flues, ventilation ducts, shafts, etc.

4. Ordinary basements not included in the scope of civil air defense

(4) Protection units and anti-explosion units

Conditions for not dividing protective units and anti-explosion units

1. Superstructure ≥ 10 floors (including parts with less than 10 floors, but the total area is not greater than 200㎡

2. In a multi-layer air-proof basement, when the upper and lower floors are different protection units, the floors located on the lower floor and below may no longer be divided.

The number of floors in the upper building is nine or less (including no floors). The air-proof basement of the superstructure should be divided into protective units and anti-explosion units;

"Small rooms" generally refer to rooms separated by load-bearing walls.

Setting requirements for protective units

1. The protective facilities and internal equipment of each protective unit in the air-proof basement should be its own system.

2. The number and setting of entrances and exits should comply with the relevant provisions of this specification.

3. Protective sealed partition walls (also called protective unit partition walls) should be set up between adjacent protective units. The protective sealed partition walls should be integrally poured reinforced concrete walls and should meet the following requirements:

1) The partition wall of the protective unit of Class A air defense basement should meet the resistance requirements of the protective unit partition wall in Chapter 4 of the specification; (Structural Major)

2) The partition wall of the protective unit of Class B air defense basement The thickness of normal grade 5 shall not be less than 250mm, and the thickness of normal grade 6 shall not be less than 200mm.

4. At least one connecting port should be provided between two adjacent protection units.

Note: The design pressure value of the protective closed door is selected according to the specification requirements.

5. Setting of deformation joints between protection units

6. Anti-explosion partition walls and anti-explosion retaining walls

1) Do it well in daily life

2) Construction in time of war

Prefabricated reinforced concrete components ≥120 thick

The sandbag barrier section should be trapezoidal, its height should not be less than 1.80m, and the minimum thickness should not be less than 500mm.

Main body and entrance and exit design:

(1) Indoor clear height

1. The clear height from the indoor ground level of the air-proof basement to the bottom of the beams and pipes shall not be Less than 2.00m. The clear height from the indoor ground level of the professional team equipment shelter and the civil air defense garage to the bottom of the beam and the bottom of the pipe should be greater than or equal to the vehicle height plus 0.20m. (Professional team equipment shelter ≥ 3.0m; civil air defense garage ≥ 2.2m.)

2. The clear height from the indoor ground level of the air defense basement to the bottom of the structural plate of the roof should not be less than 2.40m (professional team equipment shelter ≥ and civil air defense garages).

(2) Masking area

(3) Total number of people masked

1. Area indicator table

2. Material warehouse 2~ 5 people/1000㎡;

3. First-class personnel shelter n=0.146×V0 (V0 is the volume of the clean area)

(4) Wartime dry toilets

1. It can be constructed in times of war.

2. It should be located near the exhaust outlet.

3. The male to female ratio is 1:1;

4. Number of commodes: 1) 1 to 2 material libraries

2) Other projects: 1 male Individuals/40~50 people, 1 female/30~40 people

(5) Other settings: water storage room, chemical defense communication duty room, power distribution room, chemical defense equipment storage room, sealing Component storage room, etc.

(6) Requirements for setting up entrances and exits

1. Each protective unit in the air-proof basement should not have less than two entrances and exits (excluding shaft-type entrances and connecting ports between protective units) ), which has at least one outdoor entrance (except shaft type).

2. The main entrance and exit during wartime should be located at the outdoor entrance.

Outdoor entrances and exits - entrances and exits in which the exit surface section of the passage (unprotected roof section) is located outside the projection range of the superstructure of the air defense basement.

3. In Class A air-proof basements, the ground-level section (that is, the section without protective roof) that serves as the main entrance to the outdoor entrance during wartime should be arranged outside the collapse range of the ground building.

4. The collapse range of ground buildings in the design of Class A air defense basements:

5. Conditions for no outdoor entrances and exits:

1) Class B air defense The basement meets one of the following conditions:

1. It is connected to other civil air defense projects with reliable entrances and exits (such as outdoor entrances and exits), and the resistance level is not lower than that of the air defense basement;

2. The upper ground building is a regular Class 6 Class B air-proof basement with a reinforced concrete structure (or steel structure), when it meets the following requirements:

(1) The first-floor stairwell of the main entrance Directly leading to the outdoor ground, and the distance from the upper end of the stairs leading to the basement to the outdoors is not more than 5.00m;

(2) The horizontal straight line between the main entrance and the protective closed door of one of the secondary entrances The distance is not less than 15.00m, and the stair structures of the two entrances and exits are designed according to the requirements of the main entrances;

2) Class A air-proof basements with nuclear level 6 and nuclear level 6B, due to condition restrictions (mainly refers to the basement has been If it is impossible to set up outdoor entrances and exits (full red line), when one of the following conditions is met:

2. When the upper ground building is a reinforced concrete structure (or steel structure), and the main entrances and exits of the air defense basement meet the following requirements Conditions:

(1) The stairwell on the first floor leads directly to the outdoor ground, and the distance from the upper end of the stairs leading to the basement to the outdoors is not more than 2.00m;

(2) In The stairwell on the first floor is equipped with an anti-collapse scaffolding that is detached from the structure of the building on the ground between the stair section and the door opening leading to the outdoors;

(3) The outside of the door opening directly leading to the outdoors in the stairwell on the first floor Above, there is an anti-collapse overhang with a protruding length of not less than 1.00m (this is not necessary when the external wall of the ground building is a reinforced concrete shear wall structure);

(4) The main entrance and exit and the The horizontal straight-line distance between the protective closed doors of a secondary entrance shall not be less than 15.OOm.

Understanding of "The basement is full of red lines".

6. Outdoor entrances and exits

Two adjacent protective units that meet one of the following conditions can have an outdoor entrance outside the protective closed door. When the resistance levels of adjacent protection units are different, the outdoor entrances and exits set up should be designed according to the high resistance level:

1) When the two adjacent protection units are both personnel shielding projects or one side is When the other side of the personnel sheltering project is a material warehouse;

2) When the two adjacent protective units are both material warehouses, and the sum of their construction areas is not greater than 6000m2;

7 , Design requirements for outdoor entrances and exits

1) Ground exit section

1. When the ground exit section is set outside the collapse range of the ground building, and an entrance building is required for daily use, Single-story lightweight buildings should be used;

2. When the exit section is set within the collapse range of the ground building, the following anti-blocking measures should be taken:

1) Above the access section Anti-collapse scaffolding should be set up. For nuclear level 5, nuclear level 6 and nuclear level 6B Class A air-proof basements, prefabricated anti-collapse scaffolding can be used to build it in time of war.

2) Dimensions of entrance and exit passages, stairs and door openings

1. Wartime personnel entrances and exits:

2. The main entrances and exits of the civil air defense material depot should be based on the import and export of materials. Design, the net width of material import and export doors for material warehouses with a building area not greater than 2000m2 should not be less than 1.50m, and the net width of material import and export doors for material warehouses with a building area greater than 2000m2 should not be less than 2.OOm;

3 .The clear width of the entrance and exit passage should not be less than the clear width of the door opening.

8. Number of entrance and exit civil defense doors

1) The protective closed door should be opened outwards.

2) Sealed doors should be opened outwards.

3) Civil defense doors are the collective name for both.

9. Dimensions of entrance and exit door passages

1) The clear width and height of protective closed doors and door passages of closed doors should meet the opening and installation requirements of door leaves.

10. Width of wartime entrances and exits of personnel sheltering projects

1) The sum of the net widths of the entrances and exits of personnel sheltering projects in wartime shall be calculated as not less than 0.30m for every 100 people sheltered .

2) The number of people passing through each gate should not exceed 700.

3) The clear width of the entrance and exit passages and stairs should not be less than the clear width of the door opening.

4) The clear width of the entrance and exit passages and stairs used by two adjacent protective units should be calculated and determined based on the calculation and determination of not less than 0.30m for every 100 people passing through the two sheltered entrances.

5) The sum of the net width of door openings does not include shaft entrances and exits, communication ports with other civil air defense projects and communication ports between protection units.

11. Wartime stepped entrances and exits of personnel sheltering projects should comply with the following regulations:

1) The step height should not be greater than 0.18m, and the width should not be less than 0.25m;

2) Fan-shaped steps should not be used for stairs, but this restriction is not required when the plane angle formed by the upper and lower steps is less than 10°, and the step width at 0.25m from the handrail on each step is greater than 0.22m;

3) The stairs at the entrance and exit should be equipped with handrails on at least one side. When the net width is greater than 2.00m, handrails should be provided on both sides. When the net width is greater than 2.50m, a middle handrail should be added.

12. Design requirements for independent outdoor entrances and exits

1) The length of the passage outside the protective closed door shall not be less than 5.OOm.

(The length can be calculated according to the polyline length of the horizontal projection of the center line of the passage with a protective roof section outside the protective closed door. For stair-type and shaft-type entrances and exits, it can be calculated from the outdoor ground level to the protective closed door opening. The vertical distance at 1/2 of the height)

2) The independent outdoor entrances and exits of Class A air defense basements with personnel staying indoors during wartime. The length of the passage outside the protective closed door should also comply with the provisions of Tables 3.3.10-1 and 3.3.10-2 in the specification;

3) Class B air defense basements and nuclear level 5, nuclear level 6, and nuclear 6B The independent outdoor entrances and exits of Class A air-proof basements should not be of the straight-through type; the independent outdoor entrances and exits of Class A air-proof basements of nuclear level 4 and nuclear 4B should not be of the straight-through type.

13. Design requirements for wall-attached outdoor entrances and exits

1) The length of the protected and sealed door passage (with protective roof section) of the wall-attached outdoor entrance and exit shall not be less than 5.00m.

2) The minimum length of the passage between the self-protection sealed door and the sealed door (also known as the inner passage) of the wall-mounted outdoor entrance and exit of the Class B air-proof basement can be determined according to the building needs;

3) For Category A air defense basements where people stay indoors during wartime, the minimum length of the inner passage of the wall-mounted outdoor entrance and exit should comply with the provisions of Table 3.3.12 (Figure 3.3.12).

14. Design requirements for indoor entrances and exits

1) Class B air defense basements with personnel staying indoors during wartime, nuclear 6B Class A air defense basements and nuclear buildings equipped with reinforced concrete civil defense doors For Class 6 Class A air-proof basements, the indoor entrances and exits with or without 90° turns and the length of the passage between the protective airtight door and the airtight door (also known as the inner passage) can be determined according to the construction needs;

2 ) Indoor entrances and exits of nuclear level 4, nuclear 4B, and nuclear level 5 Class A air defense basements with personnel staying indoors during wartime and nuclear level 6 Class A air defense basements equipped with steel structure civil defense doors should not be turned-free (Figure 3, 3.14), and the minimum length of the indoor entrance and exit passage with a 90° turn shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.3.14.

(7) The installation of protective airtight doors should comply with the following regulations:

1. When the protective airtight doors are installed in a straight-through ramp, measures should be taken to prevent the protective airtight doors from being Measures for direct hits of explosive fragments from weapons (outside the passage entrance) (such as appropriately bending or turning the axis of the passage, etc.);

2. When the protective airtight door is set along the side wall of the passage, the protective airtight door leaf should be embedded Set up inside the wall, and the outer surface of the door leaf shall not protrude from the inner wall of the passage;

3. When the protective airtight door is set up in the shaft, the outer surface of the door leaf shall not protrude from the inner wall of the shaft.

(9) Design requirements for anti-virus passages

1. Anti-poison passages should be set up near the exhaust outlet and should be equipped with ventilation facilities;

2. The size of the anti-virus channel should meet the requirements for the number of air changes under poison filtration and ventilation conditions;

3. The size of the anti-virus channel should meet the requirements for use in wartime and should comply with the following regulations:

1) When both civil defense doors open outward, a personnel (stretcher) retention area should be provided outside the opening range of the closed door leaf. The size of the stopping area of ??the anti-virus passage for people to pass through should not be smaller than what is needed for two people to stand; the size of the stopping area for the anti-virus passage for stretchers to pass through should meet the needs of the stretcher and related personnel to stay;

4. The decontamination room should be set up on one side of the anti-virus channel

5. The decontamination room should be composed of a undressing room, a shower room and an inspection and dressing room:

The entrance to the undressing room should be set up In the first anti-virus channel; the entrance of the shower room should be set up with a closed door; the exit of the inspection and dressing room should be set in the second anti-virus channel;

6. Simple decontamination should be combined with the anti-virus channel ;

When the anti-virus channel with simple decontamination cannot meet the specified number of air changes, a simple decontamination room can be set up separately.

7. Anti-virus passages with simple decontamination should meet the following requirements:

1) Anti-virus passages with simple decontamination should meet the requirements for the number of air changes;

2) The anti-virus channel with simple decontamination should consist of two parts: the sidewalk between the protective airtight door and the airtight door and the simple decontamination area. The clear width of the sidewalk should not be less than 1.30m; the area of ??the simple decontamination area should not be less than 2m2, and its width should not be less than 0.60m.

8. A separate simple decontamination room should be located on one side of the anti-virus passage, and its use area should not be less than 5m2. An ordinary door should be installed between the simple decontamination room and the anti-virus channel, and a closed door should be installed between the simple decontamination room and the clean area (Figure 3.3.24-2).

Design of vents and water and electricity outlets:

(1) Relationship between vents and entrances and exits

1. Medical rescue projects, shelters for professional team members, and personnel shelters For air-raid basements that require decontamination during wartime, such as engineering, food stations, production workshops, and power plant control rooms, the air exhaust vents should be located at the main entrances and exits during wartime.

Illustration of the exhaust air outlet combined with the main entrance and exit:

2. The air inlet should be set up separately outdoors during wartime. And should be combined with secondary entrances or alternate entrances.

3. For Category B air defense basements used as second-class personnel shelters and Category A air defense basements of Nuclear Level 5, Nuclear Level 6, and Nuclear 6B, when there is no separate outdoor air inlet condition The air inlet can be set in conjunction with the indoor entrance and exit, but the upper floor structure outside the explosion-proof valve should be designed to prevent collapse, or anti-blocking measures should be taken outside the explosion-proof valve.

Illustration of air inlet combined with indoor entrance and exit:

4. The poison filter room and air inlet fan room should be arranged in separate rooms. The poison filtering room should be located in the poisoning area. The door of the poison filtering room should be set in a closed passage or a poison-proof passage that leads directly to the ground and the clean area, and a sealed door should be installed; the air inlet fan room should be located in the clean area.

5. The vents in the material warehouse, fixed power station control room, and mobile power station are generally set up separately.

6. The exhaust vents of professional team equipment shelters and civil air defense garages are generally set up separately, and the air inlets can be located at the main entrances and exits.

7. Three ventilation methods for civil air defense projects:

1) Clean ventilation - refers to wartime ventilation when the air outside the air defense basement is not contaminated by poisons, etc.

2) Isolation ventilation - refers to wartime ventilation that stops the air exchange inside and outside the air-raid basement and uses a ventilator to circulate the air in the project.

3) Poison filtration ventilation - refers to wartime ventilation in which the contaminated air outside the air-raid basement is filtered and sent into the interior of the project.

(2) Ventilation vent setting requirements

1. The smoke exhaust vent of the diesel generator set should be set up separately outdoors.

2. The air inlet and exhaust vent should be set up separately outdoors.

3. The outdoor air inlet should be located on the upwind side of the exhaust port and the diesel engine smoke exhaust port.

4. The horizontal distance between the air inlet and the exhaust outlet should not be less than 10m;

5. The horizontal distance between the air inlet and the diesel engine smoke exhaust outlet should not be less than 15m, or The height difference should not be less than 6m.

6. For outdoor air inlets located outside the collapse range, the height of its lower edge from the outdoor ground level should not be less than 0.50m

7. For outdoor air inlets located within the collapse range, its lower edge should not be less than 0.50m.

The height of the lower edge from the outdoor ground level should not be small 1.Oom

8. The air inlets and exhaust outlets used in wartime and for both peacetime and peacetime use should be designed to prevent collapse, blockage and rainwater. Measures such as protection against surface water.

(3) Wave elimination facilities

1. In order to prevent air shock waves from entering the room from the open vents, explosion-proof valve diffusion chambers should be used at the air inlets and exhaust vents. (or diffusion box) wave elimination facilities.

2. Explosion-proof wave valve

1) Suspended plate type explosion-proof valve is used, embedded in the wall, with a depth of ≥300mm, and the relevant dimensions are designed according to the atlas.

2) The design pressure of the hanging plate valve should be determined according to the category and resistance level of the civil air defense project.

3) BMH series hanging plate valves are generally used, and the size of the opening is determined according to the ventilation volume.

3. Diffusion chamber

1) The diffusion chamber should be cast as a whole with reinforced concrete, and the indoor plane should be square or rectangular.

2) The internal dimensions of the diffusion chamber are determined according to the engineering protection category, resistance level, and ventilation volume. (The specification has minimum size requirements. BMH series hanging plate valves can be determined according to the table.)

3) The position of the ventilation pipe connected to the diffusion chamber should comply with the following regulations:

1. When the ventilation duct penetrates from the side wall of the diffusion chamber, the center line of the ventilation duct should be located at 1/3 of the net length of the diffusion chamber from the rear wall (Figure a);

2. When the ventilation duct passes through the diffusion chamber When penetrating into the back wall of the room, the end of the ventilation pipe should be provided with a downward elbow, and the center line of the end of the ventilation pipe should be located 1/3 of the net length of the diffusion room from the back wall (Figure b);

4) Floor drains or puddles should be installed in the diffusion room.

5) Diffusion boxes can be used as wave elimination facilities in Class B air defense basements and nuclear level 6 and nuclear 6B Class A air defense basements.

4. Toxin filtration room

1) The toxin filtration room is a special room equipped with poison filtration and ventilation equipment. It should be located near the air inlet and arranged in a separate room from the air inlet fan.

2) The poison filtering room is located in the poisoning area, and the air inlet fan should be located in the clean area. A sealed passage (or poison-proof passage) that can lead to both the ground and the clean area should be set up on one side of the poison filtering room; a sealed door should be set up between the poison filtering room and the sealed passage.

5. Vents for uninterrupted ventilation during wartime

Civil air defense projects that mainly provide shelter for personnel during wartime: personnel shelters, medical rescue projects, etc.

(4) Decontamination sewage collection pit

1. Setting location: In the passage outside the protective closed door of the main entrance and exit during wartime, decontamination should be set up in the shaft or channel of the air inlet Sewage sump.

2. Setup requirements: Mobile electric or manual drainage equipment can be used during wartime if not used at ordinary times.

(5) Explosion-proof cable well

Diesel power station design:

(1) Fixed power station

1. Resistance level ——It is consistent with the highest resistance level of the air-proof basement within the power supply range.

2. Unit division - it should be set up separately, or it can be set up in conjunction with the personnel protection project. The combined area is used to divide the protection units according to the relevant requirements of the combined air defense basement.

3. It consists of a control room (cleaning area) and a generator room (toxicity area).

4. The generator room is equipped with mechanical air intake and exhaust; and diesel engine smoke exhaust system.

5. The smoke exhaust vent should be set up separately outdoors.

(2) Mobile power station

1. Set up in conjunction with personnel protection engineering.

2. Set up in conjunction with the material library.

3. Set up in combination with equipment and people’s garage.

9. Combination of peacetime and wartime and conversion between peacetime and wartime

(1) Basic provisions

1. The conversion measures adopted should be able to meet various protection requirements in wartime requirements and should be completed within the specified conversion time limit;

2. Cast-in-situ concrete should not be used for peacetime and wartime conversions. When prefabricated components are used in conversion measures, it should be noted in the design: embedded parts , reserved holes (slots), etc. should be in place at one time during the construction of the project. The prefabricated components should be completed simultaneously with the construction of the project, and the storage locations of the components should be set;

3. The peacetime and wartime conversion design should be consistent with the construction of the project. Engineering design is completed simultaneously.

(2) Contents that are not allowed to be converted

In air defense basements that are used both in peacetime and in wartime, the following items should be completed at one time during construction and installation:

— Cast-in-place reinforced concrete and concrete structures and components;

—Protective closed doors and airtight doors for entrances and exits and connecting doors used in wartime and for both peacetime and wartime purposes;

—Wartime Ventilation protection facilities used during wartime and for both peacetime and wartime use;

- Water supply inlet pipes, drainage outlet pipes and explosion-proof floor drains used during wartime.

(3) Blocking in case of war

1. Blocking of entrances in time of war

2. Blocking of entrances and exits in time of war

1 ) For ordinary entrances and exits that are blocked by prefabricated components in times of war, the clear width of the openings should not be greater than 7.00m, and the clear height should not be greater than 3.00m; and there should not be more than 2 in one protection unit.

2) There is no limit to the number of normal entrances and exits that are sealed by protective airtight doors in times of war.

3. The ventilation openings should be blocked in case of war

4. The lighting and ventilation windows should be blocked in case of war

Relevant regulations of Shenzhen Civil Air Defense:

(1) Area regulations

1. For new civil buildings with ten or more floors (inclusive) or nine floors or less with a foundation depth of 3 meters or more (inclusive), an air-proof basement shall be built based on the first floor building area.

2. For new civil buildings with nine floors or less and a foundation buried depth of less than 3 meters, air-proof basements shall be constructed at 5% of the total construction area above the ground.

3. If a construction project has one of the following circumstances and it is not suitable to construct a civil air defense project, the construction unit may apply for relocating the construction:

1) Pile foundations are used and the top of the pile foundation cap is used The surface burial depth is less than 3 meters (or less than the specified net height of the basement space);

2) According to the specified indicators, the area of ??the air-proof basement that should be built only occupies part of the first floor of the above-ground building, and the structure and foundation treatment It is difficult and economically unreasonable;

3) Projects built in areas with quicksand, underground rivers, or shallow bedrock are not suitable for construction due to geological conditions;

4) Due to the dense concentration of houses or underground pipeline facilities in the construction area, it is impossible to construct air-proof basements or it is difficult to take measures to ensure construction safety. After approval by the municipal civil air defense department, the construction unit shall pay the civil air defense project relocation construction fee to the municipal civil air defense department, and the municipal civil air defense department will make overall arrangements for the construction of air defense basements.

4. The following civil buildings can be exempted from relocation construction fees:

1) Residential housing such as low-rent housing and affordable housing constructed under government preferential policies;

2) Newly built kindergartens, school teaching buildings, nursing homes and living service facilities for disabled people and other civil buildings;

3) Temporary civil buildings and commercial housing projects for the renovation of dilapidated buildings without increasing the area;

4) Civilian buildings that have been restored to their original area after being damaged due to floods, fires or other force majeure disasters.

(2) Regulations on outdoor entrances and exits

1. Outdoor entrances and exits must be provided, and the provisions on no outdoor entrances and exits in the "Code for Design of Civil Air Defense Basements" do not apply.

2. Outdoor entrances and exits are not allowed to be blocked in peacetime and opened in times of war.

(3) Regulations on sealing in case of war

1. In normal times, entrances and exits must be sealed with protective airtight doors, and prefabricated components are not allowed.

2. During wartime, masonry construction of fan rooms, etc., is not allowed. During wartime, fans, etc. must be installed in peacetime.

Example of second-class shelter: