Corporate safety culture and construction project safety production management?

There are many reasons for enterprise safety production accidents, mainly including violations of operating procedures or labor disciplines; insufficient education and training, lack of safe operation knowledge; production equipment does not meet safety requirements; lack or existence of safety protection facilities Defects, etc., but the root cause of accidents is human unsafe behavior. Therefore, the key to safe production in enterprises is to improve human behavior and minimize human unsafe behavior.

1. Foreword

There are many reasons for enterprise safety production accidents, mainly violations of operating procedures or labor disciplines; insufficient education and training, lack of safe operation knowledge; inadequate production equipment Comply with safety requirements; safety protection facilities are lacking or defective, etc., but the root cause of accidents is human unsafe behavior. Therefore, the key to enterprise safety production is to improve human behavior and minimize human unsafe behavior.

The current cultivation and construction of corporate safety culture starts from the behavior of employees, improves their safety awareness, establishes the company's safety goals, and advocates common safety values, ways of thinking, and behavioral norms. This creates a good safe production environment and order with employees' psychological identity and group cohesion, effectively regulates and controls employees' behavior, and achieves the highest level of self-discipline.

Enterprise safety culture can be divided into several aspects: environmental culture, material culture, behavioral culture, and awareness culture. Culture is abstract and must be combined with the actual management to exert its due effect; and the implementation of management should also fully consider the positioning and construction of corporate culture. The organic integration of the two can truly achieve the establishment and management level of corporate culture. Improve the purpose of win-win.

The following takes the Guangdong Olympic Stadium project as an example to conduct a preliminary study on how to achieve an organic combination of the two and thereby promote the safety production management of large-scale construction enterprises and large-scale engineering projects.

2. Project Features

Guangdong Olympic Stadium is the main venue of the Ninth National Games. It is located in Dongpu Town, Guangzhou City. It covers an area of ??300,000 square meters and has a total construction area (excluding grandstand area 40,000 ㎡) 140,000 ㎡, with 80,000 fixed audience seats, and a total investment of 1.23 billion yuan. The construction is under the general contracting of Guangdong Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd. The project started in January 1999 and was completed in September 2001. Its main difficulties in construction safety production management are as follows:

(1) The project is large-scale, the construction period is tight, and different majors There are many units participating in the construction, the quality of the personnel varies, the process is complex, and it requires three-dimensional cross-cutting operations, which has a wide social impact and makes safety production management difficult;

(2) The slope angle of the upper stand of the large-area concrete structure is up to 31°, the cantilever spans are 10.0m and 10.6m respectively inside and outside the site, the outer cantilever end is nearly 40m from the ground, and ultra-high support scaffolding is used;

(3) The steel roof consists of more than 10,000 It consists of mutually exclusive rods and roof panels with an area of ??60,000 square meters. The radial main truss has a single beam weight of 128t, a length of 75.1m, a height of 5.2m, and a lifting height of 53.6m. The installation accuracy requires a three-dimensional control of ±2mm. Within the area, there is a large amount of high-altitude operations and a large distance from the ground;

(4) The site is open and windy, and it is a minefield. In addition, there are many smokers among the construction workers, and there are many fire points, so only There are more than 6,500 high-altitude welding fire points in steel roof construction, making fire management difficult;

(5) There are many reserved wellheads and holes;

(6 ) There are many large machinery and equipment used in construction, transportation vehicles come in and out frequently, there are many power consumption points, a wide area and long lines.

3. Set goals, establish systems; safety and environment culture

As a general construction contractor, we must not only perform the "quality, construction period, investment" proposed by the owner with high standards and strictly in accordance with the contract The "three controls" requirements must be implemented at the same time to implement all-round control of safety production in the entire project construction. For this reason, when the project started, the general contracting project management department proposed the high-standard management goal of creating "six no's" for safe production, that is, to achieve "no serious injuries, no deaths, no collapses, no poisoning, no fires, and no major machinery ACCIDENT".

At the same time, with the project general manager as the first person responsible for safety production, a safety production leadership organization was established and a special safety production management department was set up to implement the safety production management responsibility system layer by layer and strictly We must do a good job in the management of the construction team entering the site, organize them to establish corresponding safety production management institutions, and formulate a complete set of on-site safety management rules and regulations such as the relevant responsibility system, education system, safety technology disclosure system, inspection system, reward and punishment system, etc. We also signed a letter of responsibility with each participating unit to implement the safety management assessment indicators, clarify the specific responsibilities and strict reward and punishment clauses for safe production and construction in the contract, resolutely put an end to the "three violations", and achieve the "three no's" (do not harm yourself) , do not harm others, do not be harmed by others), thus establishing a safety management system that extends horizontally to the edge and vertically to the bottom, with dedicated management lines and group management networks, forming a full-staff management pattern.

Start by establishing fire logs and manpower, improve the fire approval system, fire inspection system, reward and punishment system, patrol system, warehouse management, fire fighting and accident handling system, dangerous goods shipping and use regulations, and formulate emergency regulations We have established emergency plans for accidents, established management rules and regulations for fire prevention at construction sites, persisted in firefighting, and formulated strict measures for sun protection, explosion protection, and fire protection during the transportation, storage, and use of liquefied gas bottles. Established a five-level fire management structure of "fire prevention person in charge of the general contracting project manager department, fire prevention person in charge of the sub-project department, fire prevention person in charge of the professional construction team, fire safety officer; patrol (supervisory) fire officer, volunteer fire brigade", and organized a specialized The security fire prevention patrol team is equipped with walkie-talkies and other necessary equipment to form a fire protection organization network with full participation and all-weather group prevention and treatment. The construction site has 40 full-time fire patrols, 8 night patrol members, and 196 volunteer firefighters.

4. Determine key points and increase investment; safety material culture

In order to control the safety factors of the construction environment, various construction facilities must be strictly managed in accordance with the requirements of the general construction layout. In the foundation construction stage, the foundation pit area is large and wide, and there are 6 independent deep foundation pits. In order to ensure construction safety, all foundation pits are surrounded and a 1.2m-high protective fence is set up with a length of 2678m. , and installed safety warning lights in the foundation pit next to the road, and erected a "No Climbing, Prevent Electric Shock" warning sign every 6 meters on the slope to monitor slope safety 24 hours a day. In addition, considering that the base plate of this project is thick and large, and there are many workers tying steel bars, in order to ensure production safety, welding machines are prohibited from entering the base plate area to ensure that the power cables are out of contact with the steel bars.

In terms of safety and maintenance management of equipment and tools, we must strictly check the performance of equipment entering the site, strictly pay attention to safety debugging after installation, and establish equipment cards to record in a timely manner faults, repairs, and maintenance during use. , to ensure the normal operation of construction equipment. Special equipment such as tower cranes, pile drivers, etc. must obtain inspection certificates from the labor supervision department before they can be used; it is mandatory to use 12 kinds of safety devices for well-type lifting cages, and they can only be put into use after passing the inspection and being equipped with a safety officer recognized by the labor supervision department. use.

Strengthen fire management to ensure fire safety. Although there is no direct economic benefit from investment in fire protection, the general contracting project management department fully realizes that "safety is benefit". Therefore, leaders attach great importance to the funds required for fire protection work and will never save money that should be spent to ensure that it is in accordance with relevant fire protection regulations. The management regulations fully equip fire-fighting equipment and facilities. A fire-fighting water pipe with a diameter of 100mm and a length of about 1,600 meters is set up along the perimeter of the stadium. Fire hydrants equipped with fire-fighting hoses are set up around it. Fire-fighting facilities are reasonably installed, such as fire boxes. , fire pools, fire sand piles, etc.; lightning rods were erected on each temporary house; during the construction period, more than 200,000 yuan was invested according to the actual conditions of the site to add a fire-fighting special water supply system, so that the fire-fighting facilities on the construction site reached a higher level. High level, the entire fire protection system is well configured and the fire passages are smooth, especially in key monitoring areas such as dormitories, warehouses, scaffolding, formwork yards and temporary storage points for flammable and explosive materials. The fire protection measures are effective and effectively eliminate fire hazards in the bud. among.

Changes in construction sites and changes in construction stages have resulted in a huge workload in modifying construction power lines.

The general contracting project management department always strictly implements the requirements of the Ministry of Construction's "Technical Specifications for Temporary Power Use at Construction Sites" (JCJ48-88). Special design plans for temporary power use are prepared for different construction stages and different professional characteristics, and we insist on Three-level power distribution, two-level protection, the electrical box implements the "one machine, one gate, one protection" system, lighting and power are set separately, and the TN-S zero protection system is adopted. Install lightning protection systems at construction sites and temporary installation areas to ensure lightning protection safety for construction operations and living environments during thunderstorm seasons. When hoisting steel roofs, focus on supervising the implementation of the temporary power plan for the hoisting construction and rationally setting up power lines. During the renovation period, the focus was on rectifying the installation of less leakage protectors in electrical boxes, strictly investigating and punishing the use of "pullboards" and indiscriminate connections, and restricting the use of iodine tungsten lamps.

5. Comprehensive defense, focused monitoring; safety behavior culture

5.1 Unify thinking and strengthen education

The general contracting project management department often organizes employees to learn safety production policies and laws and regulations, educate cadres and employees to deeply understand the importance and seriousness of production safety, and at the same time conscientiously implement the safety technical disclosure system, and put forward targeted safety requirements for each construction stage, including temporary construction electricity, deep foundation pit enclosure, high Special design and safety technical plans for formwork support, high-altitude hoisting, etc., formulating and issuing special seasonal safety measures for rainy season construction, lightning protection, heatstroke prevention, typhoon prevention, etc., to ensure that safety education is spread to every employee on the construction site.

Employees entering the site must master necessary safety knowledge and safety technologies, consciously abide by work disciplines and safety operating procedures, ensure that they are busy but not chaotic, and achieve the goal of "I understand safety, I want safety, start with me, The fundamental purpose of ensuring safety. During the peak period of construction, there were as many as 5,053 people on site. All personnel received strict safety education and training, and all safety educations were signed and archived. All special types of work (electricians, elevator workers, welders, etc.) have received professional training and hold job qualification certificates issued by professional authorities. Due to appropriate measures, the safety factor has been maximized and provided a strong guarantee to prevent safety accidents. Organize participating units to carry out activities such as "do something to prevent accidents", "recall the lessons of an accident" and "be a safety officer for a day", conduct safety education based on painful and painful cases in society, always alert every employee, and improve their The awareness of danger has greatly improved the effectiveness of education.

5.2 Pay close attention to protection and strictly monitor

Implement various targeted special preventive measures, make great efforts to solve existing weak links, and strictly prevent falls from high places. For high support formwork , deep foundation pits, large mechanical equipment, large-load electrical facilities and other parts shall be monitored regularly and dedicated personnel shall be responsible; for severe construction environments such as high temperature, high humidity, typhoons, flammable and explosive, etc., careful emergency plans shall be formulated, managed in place, and implemented to people.

(1) Formwork, scaffolding and working platform: The upper stand has a large slope, a large cantilever span, and the height of the outer cantilever end formwork is nearly 40m. It is one of the key parts of safety control. Strictly implement high support The safety measures of the mold are the key to ensuring the safe construction of the stands. To this end, we focus on monitoring and implementing safety assurance measures for formwork construction and dismantling, strengthen the protection of finished products, prevent illegal behaviors such as improper use of formwork columns and external scaffolding poles, and eliminate safety hazards of formwork support.

(2) High-altitude operations on tower columns and steel roofs: Due to the tall shape of the tower columns, high-altitude operations are highly dangerous, so during the construction period, dedicated personnel will be assigned 24 hours a day to monitor the safety of the tower column construction. The high-altitude installation of the steel structure roof adopts the method of setting up a full-scale operation platform in the stands. In order to increase the safety factor, the steel pipe poles and the reinforced concrete columns on the 4th floor are tied together to enhance the safety performance of the scaffolding; isolation is set up in the middle On the first floor, strengthen the safety monitoring of staircases and passages, adopt cantilevered paving net protection, add protective sheds on the edge and near the poles for electrical boxes and other facilities, and set up 1.2m high guardrails around the scaffolding platform. And pull up the safety net, and pay attention to the maintenance and inspection of the scaffold during use. During the welding construction of steel roof structure rods, there are more than 6,500 fire points, which puts great pressure on fire management work. To this end, special water tanks are set up at the welding points, corresponding fire-fighting equipment is equipped, and monitoring and inspection by dedicated personnel are strengthened.

(3) In the structural construction stage, there are many high-altitude, three-dimensional, and cross-cutting operations. Safety protection mainly focuses on "three treasures, four entrances, and five edges". 28 ladder openings and 96 entrances and exits are , 36 holes, 35 wellheads, reserved pipe mouths, and the inlet and outlet of the well-type lifting cage are strictly enclosed and protected. Focus on maintaining the surrounding edges formed after removing the grates, and at the same time strengthen the new "openings" and edges formed during the enclosure construction process in a timely manner.

(4) In the construction of sewage treatment tanks, ditch boxes, pipe ditches and underground driveways, in view of the characteristics of "narrow faces and deep ditches", we must strictly adhere to the "three treasures", implement safety standards, and prevent paralysis ideas, uniformly use steel pipes to set up standardized protective railings, hang qualified safety nets, and set up warning safety signs.

(5) There are many smokers at the construction site. In order to ensure fire safety, special smoking spots are set up in safe areas with special buckets. Smoking in non-smoking spots is strictly prohibited and a strict reward and punishment system is implemented.

(6) When sampling steel bars, the work template must be wetted first, and be monitored by a dedicated person. After the work is completed, it must be checked to meet fire safety requirements before leaving.

5.3 Strengthen inspections and implement rectifications

Based on the actual characteristics of the construction site, formulate relevant protective measures, focus on safety protection and implement the safety production responsibility system, and implement key inspections on key parts , Repeated inspections of dangerous parts, focusing on checking the system, checking violations, and checking hidden dangers, continuous inspection, supervision, rectification and implementation, strict inspection and close inspection, to ensure that everyone is in a safe and good condition at all times, and to prevent accidents. Once a problem is discovered, it will be investigated to the end, punished according to the regulations and ordered to make corrections, and will never be lenient or appeasement. The rectification instruction letter clearly stipulates the completion time of rectification, and is closed according to the IS09002 model. That is, after the rectification instruction letter is issued, the rectification unit is required to sign the rectification completion status and time. The safety management department verifies the rectification status and confirms it before the rectification instruction can be issued. Book archiving. Due to the large number of people with different qualities, the general contracting project management department pays special attention to the issue of personal protection. It has always been mandatory to wear safety helmets according to regulations and wear safety belts when working at heights. Once found, violators will be stopped immediately and patiently educated. And handle it strictly in accordance with the regulations to encourage employees to consciously use protective measures.

5.4 Active activities and extensive publicity

Actively carry out safety production week and "Ankang Cup" activities. Safety Production Week is one of the main forms of strengthening safety activities on this project site. Rich activities are carried out around this theme every year, and effective measures such as hanging slogans and banners, publishing special publications, and posting promotional wall charts are adopted to conduct extensive publicity and education. , while conscientiously organizing special safety inspections, establishing a leading organization for the "Ankang Cup" safety competition, formulating activity plans and safety assurance measures, organizing safety knowledge competitions, safety inspections and special safety inspections, and implementing safety production awareness into every employees during their daily construction operations.

In terms of fire safety, make full use of physical objects, pictures, videos, etc. for publicity and education, and strengthen daily safety and fire prevention education. During the "Safety Production Activity Week" and "119" Publicity Week activities, fire protection experts from the fire department were invited to give fire protection knowledge lectures, customized large-scale fire protection propaganda slogans, purchased promotional wall charts and fire protection education videos, etc., to conduct extensive publicity and education. Maintain a high degree of alertness to media news reports. On the day when major fire accidents in society are reported, relevant management personnel of each participating unit will be called to hold an emergency meeting, arrange corresponding work, organize special inspections, organize and study relevant reports and comments in a timely manner, and make full use of cases to improve The fire protection awareness of construction personnel should be improved and lessons learned from fire accidents in society should be learned in a timely manner.

6. Full management, remarkable results; safety awareness culture

After the above efforts, the project did not have a major safety accident during the entire 978 days of construction, achieving It has achieved the "six no" safety management goals, and has received nearly 500 inspections and inspections from leaders at the national, provincial and municipal levels, as well as visits from domestic and foreign construction peers, and has received high praise.

The project also won more than 20 awards including the National Quality Project "Luban" Award, the National Construction Industry New Technology Application Gold Medal Demonstration Project, the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award, and more than 20 awards. It was also rated as an excellent model construction site for safe production and civilized construction by the province and city. The best model construction site for production, and the project general manager has been rated as the model of production safety in Guangzhou for three consecutive years. At the same time, after the safety production management practice of this project, the safety production awareness of the majority of employees has been greatly improved, and the production behavior has become more standardized and more conscious. A good safety production management atmosphere has been formed, which will provide useful information for the safety production management of similar large-scale project construction in the future. reference.

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