A scientific paper about electricity?

Electricity is a natural phenomenon, which refers to the phenomenon caused by the movement of electrons. I will share it with you below. Come and enjoy it with me. Chapter 1

A brief analysis of electricity theft and anti-theft

Abstract At present, the phenomenon of electricity theft is becoming increasingly rampant and has become a chronic disease of society and a cancer that affects the construction of social civilization. To this end, this article takes Wuhan City as an example to analyze the harm caused to society by electricity theft, the causes of electricity theft, and several solutions to electricity theft. Finally, in view of the existing problems and difficulties in the current anti-electricity theft work, this paper proposes own suggestions. In short, the fight against electricity theft is a protracted war that requires the joint efforts of the whole society.

Keywords Wuhan electricity theft and anti-theft

For a long time, the problem of electricity theft has not only plagued the power supply department, but also seriously affected the country’s economic construction. and social stability. In order to prevent electricity theft, power supply companies have adopted various management and technical means such as strengthening manpower inspections and adding anti-electricity theft measures in electric energy meters. Although some electricity theft has been prevented to a certain extent, the " The money-making effect of "lowering costs" has caused electricity thieves to rack their brains and find ways to steal electricity, thus making the anti-electricity theft work extremely difficult.

For Wuhan, it has a vast territory, many electricity customers, and dense power stations and power grids. With the continuous economic development of all walks of life in Wuhan and the increasing living standards of the people, the demand for electricity is becoming increasingly strong. However, rampant electricity theft has been repeatedly banned, which has had a serious impact on social and economic development, and has also caused harm to harmony, stability and the construction of a "two-oriented society". To this end, this article starts from the perspective of the hazards of electricity theft.

1. The harm of electricity theft

Electricity theft is extremely harmful to society, damaging the legitimate rights of power supply companies and leading to a large loss of state-owned assets. It can be seen that electricity theft is not only related to the economic interests of power supply companies, but also related to a series of tasks such as power security and stable supply of the entire harmonious society. The main manifestations are:

First, the national property suffered huge losses. According to statistics, in 2008 and 2009, the amount of stolen electricity in Wuhan reached 380 million kilowatt hours, resulting in a direct economic loss of more than 220 million yuan. The indirect economic losses caused by electricity theft are even more immeasurable.

Second, electricity theft endangers the personal safety of the people and the security of the power grid. As the channel connecting the east and west, the hub at the junction of the north and the south, and the center of the province's network, the Wuhan Power Grid has a very important security status. Electricity theft is extremely harmful, ranging from damaging low-voltage electrical facilities and causing regional power supply interruptions to causing technical grid accidents. If a chain reaction occurs, it may also lead to serious consequences of large-scale power outages. In addition, electricity thieves are greedy for profit and use any means at all costs. They can easily cause electric shock and casualties when stealing electricity, threatening the personal safety of others. According to statistics, in recent years, personal electric shock casualties caused by electricity theft accounted for 28% of electric shock accidents, and in rural areas, the figure was as high as 38.6%. In 2008 and the first half of 2009, there were 268 large-scale power outages caused by electricity theft, and fire accidents caused by electricity theft also occurred frequently.

Third, electricity thieves trample on social ethics and integrity principles and destroy the principle of fair competition in the market economy. They pursue illegal interests by any means, seriously disrupting the normal order of electricity supply and consumption and the social and economic order. On the one hand, electricity thieves have greatly reduced production costs, causing unfair competition among peers and infringing on the interests of legitimate operators; on the other hand, during peak periods of power supply, law-abiding users use electricity to avoid peak times, and some have to order the power supply. , while illegal users steal energy unscrupulously, trampling on fairness, justice and morality.

Fourth, electricity theft affects social harmony. In recent years, electricity theft has developed from ordinary electricity theft to high-tech electricity theft, from household lighting electricity theft to factories, mines and enterprises, and from ordinary electricity theft by users to the dissemination of electricity theft technologies and devices. Professional electricity theft has even developed into gang theft with a sinister nature. Electricity theft has become a serious social hazard. During the anti-electricity theft work, anti-theft electricity inspectors were verbally abused, besieged, intimidated, and beaten from time to time. Such behavior disrupted the normal order of electricity supply and consumption, disrupted the normal social and economic order, and affected society. of harmony.

2 Reasons for Electricity Stealing

Electricity theft has seriously disrupted the order of power supply and consumption and threatened the security of the power grid. But why is the crime of electricity theft repeatedly banned and why is the behavior of electricity theft allowed? The impact is not as serious as it should be. Let me analyze the reasons below:

2.1 Weak legal concept

Since the "Criminal Law" does not clearly punish the crime of stealing electricity, therefore, in a considerable part of the People believe that "stealing electricity is not stealing", and even believe that stealing electricity does not constitute a crime. A small number of departments and units even protect and condone the electricity thieves, and even offer favors and connections to the electricity thieves, and put pressure on the power supply department. . In fact, in the "Electricity Law", "Regulations on Electricity Supply and Use", and "Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Electricity Supply and Consumption", there have already been provisions in the name of the power administrative department to order a stop to illegal acts of stealing electricity, to pay for electricity bills, and to impose penalties for breach of contract. , Since on-site investigation, delivery of notices, and additional electricity bills will all result in "two skins" of additional electricity bills and collection of defaulted electricity bills, it is difficult for power supply companies to actually implement them.

2.2 Driven by economic interests

It is understood that the peak summer period is the peak period of electricity consumption every year, and it is also the season when "electric rats" steal food. Since electricity theft is profitable, criminals do not hesitate to take risks. From the study of the composition of the main subjects of electricity theft, we can see that there are many cases of electricity theft by property owners and corporate electricians. Entertainment venues, restaurants, bathing centers, rental markets, real estate developers, and private enterprise processing plants are all the "majority" of electricity theft. In order to make greater profits, these operators ignore national interests and laws, and use electricity theft as a way to increase revenue, reduce expenditure, reduce costs, increase income, and make a fortune.

2.3 Counterattack and anti-electricity theft measures and ineffective investigation and crackdowns

The existing countermeasures and anti-electricity theft technical means of our power supply enterprises are still relatively backward, which is specifically reflected in the prevention of electric energy metering devices. The power-stealing function is very lacking, and the inspection equipment is relatively rudimentary. In the process of anti-theft of electricity, power supply companies currently encounter the main difficulties: first, it is difficult to seize; second, it is difficult to deal with, especially the punishment of legal persons and units, the legal basis is not sufficient, and electric power law enforcement has become a difficulty; third, the current The law has many blind spots in combating electricity theft.

2.4 Anti-electricity theft technical means are backward

At present, anti-electricity theft is faced with difficulties in inspection, evidence collection, quantification, and execution. However, criminals' means of stealing electricity are developing towards high technology and high concealment. In contrast, anti-electricity theft means are still relatively lagging behind. The level of anti-electricity theft technology and equipment is low, and the current specific power supply methods, power supply facilities, metering devices, etc. It is difficult to put protective measures in place, which creates an opportunity for electricity thieves.

3 Solutions to Electricity Theft - Anti-Electricity Theft

Carrying out the fight against electricity theft is a long-term and arduous task, which requires the commitment of the whole society. Work together. In fact, the anti-electricity theft prevention work is also a systematic project, which includes three stages of management before, during and after the incident. It requires the action of the whole society, the support of relevant departments, and the strong cooperation of the broad masses of the people in order to be effective. Only by focusing on prevention, combining prevention and control, taking strict precautions, and conducting strict investigation and punishment can we effectively prevent the occurrence of electricity theft and minimize the losses caused by electricity theft.

3.1 Legislation: Establish and improve the legal system against electricity theft

From a global perspective, there are two models for legislation against the crime of electricity theft: one is to add crimes, such as The criminal codes of Germany, Austria, Russia and other countries clearly state that the crime of electricity theft is "the act of dishonestly using electricity without reasonable authorization or dishonestly wasting electricity or transferring electricity to other places"; the second is the judicial interpretation, which stipulates that electricity Within the scope of property, theft of electricity is regarded as stolen property. For example, Japan clearly stipulates that electricity is also regarded as property, and France stipulates that "harming the interests of others and stealing energy by fraud are regarded as theft." Some experts believe that the reason for the ineffective crackdown is that our country currently does not have relatively complete anti-electricity theft laws or regulations. The current "Electricity Law" and "Regulations on Electricity Supply and Use" do not have the ability to investigate and deal with electricity theft. There is a lack of specific provisions on criminal penalties for electricity theft, and there is insufficient deterrence for electricity theft crimes.

3.2 Improve the technological content of electric energy metering devices

Electricity theft technology is becoming increasingly “sophisticated”, and anti-electricity theft technology must also keep pace with the times.

We believe that improving the technological content of electric energy metering devices includes two aspects: First, structural transformation of existing electric energy metering devices that are prone to electricity theft, using metering devices with anti-electricity theft functions, transforming metering circuits, and changing metering method; the second is to use high-tech means to develop and fully apply the power analysis and monitoring function of the load control system, gradually realize real-time remote control and remote measurement of the power of a large number of users, and trial the power line remote collection method in places with mature conditions, so as to make the power supply more convenient. It plays an immediate role in enterprise online loss analysis and remote real-time monitoring of electricity.

3.3 Establish and improve the mass reporting system for electricity theft

After decades of anti-electricity theft practice, it has been proved that mobilizing the masses to report is a good way. Power supply companies have set up hotlines and reporting boxes for reporting electricity theft, offering rewards for reporting, and keeping reporters confidential. Upon receiving a report of electricity theft, electricity inspectors must immediately go to the site to investigate and deal with it. Once the facts are established, whether it is an internal employee or an outsider, they should strictly follow the regulations. , never be soft-hearted, do not show mercy, ensure that the procedures are legal and the punishment is appropriate. 3.4 Carry out special rectification activities

Regarding the problem of electricity theft, some power supply companies have adopted regular "special inspections" for a long time. In conjunction with the public security and other departments, the power supply department has vigorously carried out anti-electricity theft operations to achieve There are news in newspapers, sounds on the radio, and images on TV, which create momentum and create public opinion, which greatly deters the arrogance of electricity thieves. Carry out special anti-electricity "rat-catching" operations to severely crack down on various criminal acts of stealing electric energy and stealing electric facilities in accordance with the law. We must implement centralized anti-electricity theft operations to build momentum against electricity theft, deter criminals, and institutionalize, standardize, and normalize special struggles. Carrying out anti-electricity theft activities is conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of power supply enterprises and the safe execution of power grids; it is conducive to maintaining market economic order; it is conducive to promoting the construction of a harmonious socialist society.

4 Current difficulties and suggestions in anti-electricity theft

At present, the difficulties in anti-electricity theft are mainly reflected in:

***1*** Electricity theft Various ways. The number of electricity stealing methods has grown from a few to more than 20. Some have organized professional electricity stealing teams, equipped with professional tools, taught high-tech electricity stealing methods, installed electricity stealing devices, and committed large-scale electricity theft. At present, the phenomenon of electricity theft is mainly concentrated in hotels, shopping malls, Internet cafes, entertainment venues, processing companies, five high-energy-consuming small enterprises, and some old cities, urban villages, demolition and reconstruction areas, urban-rural fringe and other areas. The illegal behavior of electricity theft has become serious. There have been organized and premeditated collective electricity thefts, and even public "grabbing of electricity".

***2*** It is difficult to supervise and punish. The power supply department is an enterprise and does not have relevant administrative law enforcement rights or entrusted management rights by administrative departments. It lacks effective means for inspection and evidence collection. The anti-electricity theft work faces the problems of difficulty in investigation, evidence collection, and punishment. It lacks the ability to combat electricity theft. The deterrent effect makes it impossible to investigate and deal with a number of electricity theft cases, and it is difficult to deal with a number of confirmed cases in a timely manner.

***3*** The legal concept is weak. Judging from the distribution of households that have been caught stealing electricity in recent years, there are new users and old users who commit electricity theft; there are poor households and wealthy households; there are people and cadres; there are enterprises and institutions. Some units and individuals have weak legal concepts and mistakenly believe that "stealing electricity is not considered stealing and stealing electricity is not illegal." Some people turn a blind eye to electricity theft and are insensitive. Some take the initiative to intercede and greet the electricity thieves. Some self-employed individuals and enterprises Electricity theft is used as a means to reduce costs and make huge profits.

In response to the above difficulties, I have two suggestions for anti-electricity theft work:

First, publicity work must be done well. Although anti-electricity theft slogans and billboards can be seen everywhere on the streets and in communities, which shows that the power department has indeed put a lot of effort into publicity, in fact many residents need a direct indoctrination process to accept relevant policies and regulations. , that is to say, someone needs to explain it to them, so that policies and regulations can easily "take root and sprout" in the minds of residents.

Second, anti-electricity theft cannot rely solely on special inspections, but should form a normal execution mechanism.

Regarding the problem of electricity theft, for a long time, some power supply companies have adopted regular "special inspections" and joined forces with public security and other departments to combat electricity theft in the spirit of a "big campaign". Often, it is easy for a "resurgence" to occur afterwards.

The fight against electricity theft is a long-term task. The power supply department must strengthen daily management work, form a normal execution mechanism, and ensure the normal order of power supply and consumption.

References

[1] Zhu Xiaohong et al., Workbook on Preventing and Anti-Electricity Theft [M]. Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press.

[2] Blue Sky, Wuhan Power Supply: There is no end to the fight against electricity theft [J]. Hubei Electric Industry, 2005, 3***10***:13-15.

[3] Li Miao, Qian Talking about the anti-electricity theft work of power supply enterprises [J]. China High-tech Enterprises, 2008, 11:35-40.

[4] Zhou Shirong, analysis of several common electricity theft phenomena and discussion of prevention and control strategies [J]. Hunan Water Conservancy and Hydropower, 2007, 2***10***:45-47.

[5] Yan Ming, Thoughts on electricity theft and anti-theft in the electric power industry [J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information, 2007,06***13***:12-15.

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