What are the phenomena of wasting resources and polluting the environment in life?

In the ancient literature of China, there are not only the ideas of environmental protection, but also the story of strict enforcement of environmental protection laws: "Li Ge broke" (that is, fishing nets). It is said that one summer, Lu went to Surabaya to cast a net to fish, and the doctor Li Ge intervened, saying that according to the system stipulated by his ancestors, "Xia San Yuechuan Ze does not get into the net" (fish can't fish in the river during the growing season every summer), and Lu's practice violated the ancient system. Rige not only tore up the fishing net and threw it into the water, but also loudly preached the old adage to Lu: "Besides, Fushan does not tiller or cut it down. Fish is forbidden, animals are long, birds lick eggs, insects bite, and common things bite. " (4) In order to protect vegetation, birds and animals, fish and insects, and make them thrive, the regenerated branches on the mountain, the immature aquatic plants in the water, fish, young animals, eggs and unformed larvae shall not be cut down. The old adage here can be understood as law, which can prevent the king from breaking the law by protecting the environment, indicating how much the ancients attached importance to environmental protection.

China was based on agriculture in ancient times, so the feudal ruling class had to pay attention to protecting the natural environment. The mountains and rivers were destroyed, the people were forced into exile, and the rulers could not rule. Therefore, Guan Zi, the prime minister of the State of Qi, put forward the protection of nature as a condition for whether a monarch is qualified to rule: "Therefore, a monarch cannot guard his mountains and rivers and be the king of the world." (The pipe is light and heavy) Because "Mountain Forest Zebu" is "a place of natural wealth" (Guan Li Zheng), "Mountains are not used to raise children, but to raise feet" (Guan Li is extravagant), so "those who exhaust mountains are not wise enough." Guan Zhong believes that to harness mountain rivers and protect biological resources, it is not to close them for people to use, but to open them according to the specified seasonal time, so that people can make full use of their biological resources. "Every mountain has its own time, and the people are meticulous." ("Guan Zi Xiao Kuang") Guan Zi also enacted a strict criminal law, saying, "Those who respect goodness are forbidden to seal it. Those who move and close the mountain will die without forgiveness. Those who violate the order, the left foot enters, the left foot breaks, the right foot enters, and the right foot breaks. " ("Book of Guan Di Zi") Even the nobles in the palace should obey the law: "Although the mountains are close and the vegetation is beautiful, there must be a degree in the palace, and hair must be banned." He is telling the king that although the mountains are close and the vegetation grows well, there must be a certain limit to the construction of houses and palaces, and there must also be a time limit for closed development. The environmental protection thoughts and measures in Guanzi are aimed at developing economy and enriching Qiang Bing. Guan Zhong's ban on protecting Linshan Zechuan is very strict. It can be seen that environmental protection can be effective only through legal means.

The ancient rulers of China also summed up a set of practices of combining economic development with environmental protection in production management, so as to promote each other. Xunzi said: "The system of the holy king is also: lush vegetation, axes do not enter the forest, neither die nor live, and never stop." Catfish, turtles, loaches, and eels are pregnant (spawning-introducers), and the net poison does not enter the ze and does not die. Spring ploughing, summer harvest, autumn harvest and winter storage lose no time, so the crops are abundant and the people have enough to eat; At this time, fishy ponds, ponds, swamps and rivers are forbidden, so fish and turtles are much better and the people are more useful; It's time to cut down and grow, so mountains are not children, and people have more material things. "("Xunzi Wang Zhi ") Xunzi believes that the quality of the environment is directly related to the survival of species:" Chuanyuan is the home of arowana; Mountain people, the home of birds and animals "the river is deep, the fish and turtles return to it, and the mountains and the beasts return to it"; If the river is dry, the arowana will go, the mountain forest will be in danger, and the birds and beasts will go "("Xunzi Zhishi "). He also said: "When the forest is bright, it is forbidden to send hair" (Xunzi Wang Zhi). Xunzi's thought of respecting the ecological environment and attaching importance to the sustainable utilization of natural resources was regarded as a part of the "holy king system", which was later inherited by rulers of past dynasties. For example, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of the equator nationwide, and at the same time planted pine forests every three feet on both sides of the road, that is, "trees have pine trees" and "poor in the East, Wu Chu is above the Antarctic and rivers and lakes", which is very large. 1975 A number of bamboo slips were unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province. Among them, Qin Law and Tian Law stipulated: "In spring and February, trees, trees and water on the embankment dare not be cut down, grass dare not be reduced to ashes, pears are eaten raw, eggs are squashed, and ... poisonous fish and turtles are not allowed. ..... If the city is close to soap, no parking is allowed, and you won't dare to take your dog to other places when you are embarrassed. "Qin law to the effect that from February in spring, trees are not allowed to be cut down in the forest and roads are not allowed to be blocked in the forest. In summer, it is forbidden to go into the mountains to cut wood and burn weeds as fertilizer, to collect newly sprouted plants or take young animals, birds' eggs and young birds (pull out birds' eggs), to prohibit poisonous fish and turtles, and to set traps and nets to catch birds and animals. It was not until July that the above ban could be lifted. Others live near forbidden parks such as cattle and horses, and dogs are not allowed to hunt when puppies breed. Of course, strict laws have been formulated, and if the rulers take the lead in not observing them, they will also become a dead letter. Qin Shihuang was also guilty of destroying the environment. "Historical Records of the First Qin Shihuang's Chronicle 6" records that the first emperor went to Xiangshan Temple, "In case of strong wind, don't cross. "Ask the doctor:' What is the God of Xiang Jun?' The doctor said to him, "Yao's daughter, Shun's wife, is buried here. So the first emperor was furious and let all three thousand criminals cut down the trees in Xiangshan and smash its mountains. "It can be seen that if the environmental protection law cannot restrict the supreme ruler and become a means of governance rather than an end, it will eventually destroy the environment.

In Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, the protection of natural resources is stipulated more specifically, which is called "four seasons ban": "Mountains dare not cut trees, ze dare not ash, nets dare not go out, ze dare not enter the abyss, ze is not afraid of boat danger, and it is also harmful at this time. In short, it is forbidden to cut down trees, mow grass and burn ashes, hunt birds and animals, fish and turtles in the mountains in the specified season. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals 1- 12 and The Book of Rites and the Moon Order all make completely consistent and detailed regulations on the different climate of each month. These two books were written at the end of the Warring States and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, and their thoughts originated from the pre-Qin Spring and Autumn Period.

In Meng Chunyue, ... I was ordered to sacrifice mountains and rivers, and those who were useless sacrificed them. Logging is prohibited. Don't build a nest, don't kill children. Fetal bird. No eggs, no eggs.

Mid-spring moon, ... Bud, raising children and saving orphans. Don't run out of fish, don't lick the pond, don't burn the forest. Sacrifice is unnecessary.

The moon in Ji Chun, ... dammed the canal to blaspheme and smelled the passage, without hindrance. There are no nine medicines for hunting wild animals: trapping, killing and killing. ..... don't cut down the sangzhe.

After Xia Mengyue, ... grows up, there will be no bad falls, no earthworks, no mass, and no felling of trees. ..... It's harmless to drive away animals, but it's unnecessary to hunt large fields.

Midsummer Moon, ... Traveling with other groups. It's no use if the south is on fire.

On the moon in summer and season, ... trees are lush, which is a danger to people. If you go into the mountains, you won't cut down.

The moon in Qiu Meng, ... after the dike, we want to block it to prevent it from flowing.

The moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, ... is the life of killing and wishing. It depends on equipment to take the route of sacrifice. It is the fate of the company to drive people to converge. Livestock and vegetables are accumulated. Is to persuade to grow wheat. No or lost time.

The moon in autumn, ... is a life of burying and killing, cultivating and harvesting. The son of heaven was taught to hunt in the wild. Grass and trees are yellow, but cut wages into charcoal. The stinging insects are salty, but they are all dead.

The moon in Meng Dong, ... is a fisherman's life. Collect gifts from water springs and Ikezawa.

On the mid-winter moon, ... some farmers don't harvest or accumulate, and some cows, horses, livestock and beasts are released and don't take them. Some people in the deep mountains and forests can also get vegetables for hunting, and teach them wild dangers.

The moon in winter, ... ordered fishermen to start fishing. Start over at the age of 18, specialize in agriculture and don't do it.

Farming, hunting, fishing, logging, breeding, grazing and burning charcoal all have clear season and month restrictions, and environmental protection is listed as a national event alongside the worship of heaven and earth and ancestors.

These laws and regulations on the protection of mountains, rivers, plants, birds, animals and fish are all relatively early in the world. The laws of the past dynasties after China also have similar environmental protection provisions.