What is the principle of fire escape?

The most fundamental principle of fire escape is to improve people's ability to evacuate and escape in a fire. Once the fire came, surrounded by smoke, poison gas and flames, many people died in the sea of fire, and some survived. In the face of billowing smoke and raging flames, it is possible to save yourself and others as long as you use the knowledge of self-help and fire escape calmly and tactfully.

Hedging methods in different situations

1. When the outdoor fire situation is unknown:

(1), touch the door handle lock with your hand before opening the door. If the temperature of the door lock is very high, or there is smoke coming through the door, it means that fire or smoke has blocked the exit of the door, so don't open the door rashly at this time;

(2) If the temperature of the door lock is normal or there is no smoke coming in from the door, it means that the fire is still some distance away from you. At this time, you can open a door and observe the situation of the outside passage;

(3) When opening the door, put one foot against the lower frame of the door to prevent hot air waves from rushing the door open and encouraging the fire to spread. When you are sure that the fire does not pose a threat to yourself, you should leave the room as soon as possible and escape from the fire.

2. When you leave the room and find that the fire broke out on this floor:

(1), run to the nearest fire escape in the opposite direction as soon as possible, and close the fire door in time;

(2) If the corridor has been blocked or surrounded by smoke, you should try to reduce the height of your body, especially your head, or cover your mouth and nose with towels or clothes.

(3) When it is necessary to pass through the flame area, it is best to wet the clothes with water, wrap the whole body with a wet blanket or wrap the exposed parts such as the head with wet clothes before escaping;

(4) When you are sure that the fire is not on your own floor, you should still evacuate to the nearest safety exit;

3, if the fire is located in their position, the lower:

(1), if the fire is located on the upper floor of your location, you should quickly escape downstairs until you reach a safe place;

(2), if the fire is located in the lower level of their own position, should be based on the principle of parallel to find another exit;

(3) In high-rise buildings and public gathering places, because there are many parallel evacuation exits, try to find the exits in parallel, and don't run upstairs unless absolutely necessary, so as not to enter a dead end, because the fire mainly spreads upward, and the smoke diffusion speed is several times faster than the horizontal flow.

4. When the fire and smoke closed the passage:

(1), return to the room immediately, and then close all doors and windows indoors to prevent air convection and delay the spread of flame;

(2) Use cloth to block the gap between doors and windows. If conditions permit, water can be poured on the doors and windows facing the fire, so as to lower its temperature and wait for rescue;

(3) The cry for help from higher floors is generally inaudible to people on the ground. In this case, on the one hand, we should use mobile phones, telephones and other communication tools to call the police for assistance.

On the other hand, it can also send out distress signals from balconies or windows facing the street, throw soft signals such as sofa cushions, pillows and clothes downstairs, and send out distress signals by turning on flashlights, mobile phones and emergency lights at night to help rescuers find exact targets;

(4) In case of failure to rescue in time, ropes or sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. can be used. Make a simple lifeline around you, one end of which is tightly tied to a solid door and window lattice or other heavy objects, and then slide down along the rope or cloth, or climb down to a safe floor or ground by using a drainage pipe outside the house to escape;

You can also use the downpipe and lightning rod on the outer wall of the building to descend to the ground layer by layer or escape under the floor without fire; Or use the doors and windows, skylights, balconies or bamboo poles of the room to find other ways to escape (the above methods are not suitable for the sick and disabled);

Don't panic when the room is eroded by fire. You can make full use of indoor facilities to save yourself, such as hiding in the toilet, blocking the door with a towel, turning on the tap to spill water on the ground, cooling the door, hiding in a bathtub full of water, etc. But don't get into the attic, under the bed or in the big cupboard to take refuge;

6. If you have to escape to the nearby roof, stand in the windward direction of the roof and wait for rescue;

7. Warning, never jump off a building to escape, but if jumping off a building is the last and only choice, you can take the method of jumping off a building when the floor is low. However, it is necessary to master the appropriate skills, and if possible, try to hold some soft items such as quilts and sofa cushions to slow down the impact.

If you jump off a building with your bare hands, you must grasp the windowsill or balcony to let your body droop naturally, and then jump to minimize the vertical distance. Before landing, put your head in your hands and bend your body into a ball to reduce injuries.

Matters needing attention in expanding data

1. In case of fire, be sure to keep calm. Never panic, make a mess, run away blindly or jump off a building. You should know your environmental position, grasp the size and spreading direction of the fire at that time in time, and then choose the escape route and mode selectively according to the instructions of the evacuation signs;

2. Seek the evacuation walkway on the principle of seeking the safety exit, because the safety exit leads directly to the evacuation stairwell, and the stairwell leads to the outside, especially the closed stairwell has certain smoke prevention and fire prevention functions;

3. Choose to walk along the wall without using the elevator;

4. Because most of the smoke gathered in the upper space when the fire broke out, you should try to keep your body close to the ground, touch the ground with your knees and elbows, crawl forward, or bend over to move forward, because there is often fresh air nearby. Be careful. Breathe small and shallow.

5. Fire smoke has the characteristics of high temperature and high toxicity. Cover your nose and mouth with towels, handkerchiefs and other items to prevent poisoning;

6. When you escape, you should escape from the high floor to the low floor, because the fire burns upward and the flame will burn to the roof from the bottom up. If you have to go upstairs, you must hold your breath and go upstairs quickly through the stairs. Because the speed of smoke rising is 3-5 meters per second, the speed of people going upstairs is 0.5 meters per second.

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