How to scientifically select young judo athletes

In recent years, there have been a series of problems in the training of reserve talents in judo events in China. The competitive ability of many key players has not been fully exerted, and it is difficult for athletes to improve their competitive ability in the later stage. Scientific selection of young people plays a vital role in solving this problem. Whether the material selection is scientific or not directly affects the athletes' sports performance and sports life, so the material selection should follow the scientific principle.

First, in the same level of competition, athletes with wide arms and shoulders, large pelvis and good lower limb stability are more likely to control the competition.

(1) The forearm length and girth judo events will have movements such as grip, buckle and throw. The forearm is long, the forearm is thick, and the palm is big. It can occupy a certain advantage in grasping the grip position and carrying out technical action attack, and can control the opponent's body quickly and stably. For example, when sweeping the waist and buttoning the big collar, you need to destroy the opponent's center of gravity with your hands first, and then do the action of your feet, so that your palm can grasp the big collar more tightly.

(2) The size of pelvis is very beneficial to judo, and the hip joint with wide pelvis is more flexible and stable. In judo, there are a series of back turns, such as back throw, which need to generate angular velocity with the help of body rotation and help the opponent fall easily with the handle. Athletes with wide pelvis stand stably, which can increase the stability of the body.

(3) Stability of Lower Limbs Judo requires extremely high stability of lower limbs. Athletes with short legs, strong calves, long and wide feet and high instep have relatively good stability and balance and relatively fast displacement speed. Such athletes have a relatively low center of gravity and are more stable in confrontation. They can quickly complete the action when performing the technical action that requires the previous step.

Second, the physiological function of the human body is the premise and foundation for judo athletes to have good physical fitness.

(1) In the process of the growth and development of the nervous system, the development time of the human nervous system is the earliest, and the reaction speed of the nervous system has a decisive influence on the competitive ability of athletes. The application of many technical movements in judo requires athletes to respond and actually operate in a short time, so it is necessary to make a preliminary evaluation and prediction of judo events in the initial stage of material selection.

(2) The single event of respiratory system judo lasts for 4min, which is a combination of anaerobic and aerobic exercise, mainly driven by phosphate system. Therefore, cardiopulmonary function is very important, and it can be measured by Harvard step experiment when selecting materials. The maximum oxygen uptake directly affects the aerobic capacity of athletes, so we should attach great importance to the indicators of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacity of athletes when selecting materials.

Third, special physical fitness is an important condition for athletes to play their competitive level in the competition.

(1) Special strength Special strength is the basis for improving athletes' special speed and strength. Judo athletes need not only good general strength, but also good special strength. Special strength is the product of the combination of general strength and special skills of athletes. In the competition, athletes should have the ability to KO their opponents within 10 seconds, so explosive power is the key factor to win the competition.

(2) Judo athletes with special speed need faster reaction speed and action speed. Mainly reflected in the athlete's lower limb displacement speed, brain reaction speed, action speed and so on. Displacement speed is mainly reflected in the moving speed of the foot, whether it can quickly drive the other side's center of gravity. The reaction speed is reflected in whether the brain can react quickly when the opponent attacks or fakes. The speed of action is reflected in the length of time spent in a single technical action or contact technical action per unit time, and the three affect each other in judo events.

(3) The special endurance judo event is an anaerobic competitive event supplemented by oxygen, and the main energy supply system is fibrinogen. When an athlete attacks, the duration of a single action is short and the intensity is high, which requires athletes to have good anaerobic ability. Due to the special energy supply requirements of judo events, a game consumes a lot of physical strength of athletes. In the competition between two people of equal strength, the final outcome may depend on whether they have good physical fitness.

Fourth, genetic factors Many functions and qualities of the human body are greatly influenced by genetic factors. Such as body shape, muscle fiber type and so on. When selecting young people, we can make a preliminary judgment according to the family genetic characteristics, and we can choose the descendants of excellent athletes with strong antagonism to engage in judo training. Secondly, young people in western minority areas can be selected. China's ethnic minority areas have superior geographical and cultural conditions and strong genetic genes, so we can focus on selecting outstanding teenagers and provide reserve talents for the development of judo in China.

Verb (verb's abbreviation) psychological quality In judo competition, the confrontation is very fierce, and the technical movements can be ever-changing. In some levels of competition, athletes need to play 3-5 games with different opponents in one round, which requires athletes' good will quality of calm and quick response. The psychological quality of athletes mostly comes from genetic factors and family background. According to the research, people with typical sanguine or mixed bile mucus have better psychological quality, so we should pay attention to teenagers with better psychological quality in material selection.

6. Summary With the constant changes of judo rules, the requirements for athletes are constantly improving. In the selection of young judo athletes, we should first pay attention to the shaping of young people's genetic potential, physical fitness and physiological function to their competitive ability after the next day's luck, and follow the scientific principle of different people to increase the reliability and scientificity of selection. Secondly, on the basis of paying attention to the genetic potential and physical condition of athletes, we should pay more attention to the prediction of special quality and technology and the judgment of future development trend. Only in this way can we select athletes with good potential to engage in judo events, thus improving their sports ability and cultivating more outstanding reserve talents for the development of judo in China.