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Research on the problem of empty nesters and its countermeasures

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Major: Bachelor of Administration.

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Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of "Empty Nest Elderly"

I. Introduction

With the disintegration of the traditional family model, more and more elderly people have joined the ranks of "empty nesters", and their lives and spirits are different.

This situation should arouse the concern of the whole society. From the perspective of community, this paper focuses on the ways to care for the "empty nesters".

Second, this theory

(A) the current "empty nesters" basic situation

1. It is difficult to get sick and seek medical treatment.

2. The phenomenon of gnawing at the old is not optimistic.

3. Living conditions need to be improved.

4. Loneliness, helplessness and lack of communication

5. The way of providing for the aged is restricted.

How to improve the living conditions of "empty nesters"

1. Care about the health of "empty nesters"

2. Explore ways of providing for the aged at home.

3. Give full play to social forces to care for "empty nesters"

4. Encourage empty nesters to participate in community activities.

5. Establish an information network for empty nesters.

Three. conclusion

Empty nesters are a unique group of elderly people. Only by serving them well and sending the warmth of the party and government and the care of the society to their hearts can the "empty nesters" live happily and healthily in the streets and communities. Only in this way can the construction of harmonious communities get twice the result with half the effort.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of "Empty Nest Elderly"

With the development of society and the decomposition of traditional family model, more and more elderly people have stepped into the ranks of "empty nesters", and quite a few of them need care, help and comfort in life and spirit. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problem of empty nesters. This paper focuses on the ways to care for the "empty nesters" by using the window of the community: caring for the health of the "empty nesters"; Explore ways to provide for the aged at home; Give full play to social forces to care for "empty nesters";

Encourage "empty nesters" to participate in community activities; Establish an information network for "empty nesters".

Keywords: measures to improve the living conditions of empty nesters in harmonious communities

"Four generations under one roof" has been a traditional family model in China for thousands of years. However, with the rapid development of society, the traditional family model has been decomposed. Nowadays, many urban elderly people choose to live alone in an empty nest in order not to cause trouble to their children. They live in the "invisible" thoughts of their children, who are busy with work and entertainment and often "forget" the elderly. An 80-year-old man was found dead at home alone in Fenghuang Beixin Village, Fuzhou. Although the children of the old man live in Fuzhou, they don't live with him. Obviously, this is an empty nester. The lonely death of this old man warned the world that how to better realize the goal of "providing for the aged" in building a harmonious society needs to be explored, and the problem of "providing for the aged" should be solved first when China's "aging society" comes.

First, the basic situation of the current "empty nest" elderly

What is an empty nest? It is said that the word "empty nest" originated from a fairy tale: in a dense mountain forest, there are many birds, some of them are dancing and some are singing. However, in this mountain forest, there are a pair of old birds lying in their nests. They sigh in their hearts: the children's wings are hard and they all fly away, leaving us two old people so desolate and lonely ... Literally, an empty nest is "empty". In other words, an empty nest family refers to a family without children, only the elderly live alone. "Empty-nester family" refers to the elderly families who have reached retirement age and have no children to live with them, including single elderly families and couples.

According to the survey, among these "empty nesters", many "empty nesters" actively participate in social activities, enjoy the nourishment of family ties and lead wonderful lives. However, there are quite a few elderly people who are lonely and helpless. When I was sick, I had no money to see a doctor, and my physical condition was worrying. Mainly in the following aspects:

1, it is difficult to get medical treatment when you are sick. While living a lonely life of "going out with a lock and coming in with a light", empty nesters need three guarantees most, namely, economic support, medical expenses and life care. The monthly pension of ordinary old workers in Nanjing is more than RMB 1000, which can only be used for daily expenses, and there is nothing they can do in case of illness. Among the "empty nesters", the rate of long-term illness is as high as 70%-80%, and many people are sick. It is understood that the average annual medical expenses of "empty nesters" in Nanjing are 5,000 yuan. Many people have no medical insurance, and the problem of poverty caused by illness is outstanding. Empty nesters suffer from diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and other common diseases of the elderly to varying degrees. Among them, the elderly who participate in medical insurance only account for about 50%. At present, most retired employees' pensions are generally not high, and this money can be used for daily living expenses, and they will be stretched when they encounter major diseases. In addition, the elderly generally suffer from "rich disease". Nearly half of the old people buy their own medicine when they are sick, and they have been using it for a long time. Most elderly people think that spending so much money can't cure the disease, so it's better to eat less or not take medicine. Therefore, it is particularly important for them to participate in medical insurance.

2. Loneliness, helplessness and lack of communication. The feeling of empty nest is also loneliness, but this loneliness increases complex emotional experiences such as missing, self-pity and helplessness. Most elderly people who feel empty nest are depressed, lonely and withdrawn. Many of them live in seclusion and seldom associate with society. Some old people dare not or refuse to remarry after their wives leave because of their children's opposition or outdated ideas. They are introverted and live alone all day, and mental depression will inevitably affect their health.

3. The phenomenon of gnawing at the old is not optimistic. According to the survey, although 85% of the "empty nest" elderly children have income, 70% of the elderly can't get support or medical expenses from their children. Moreover, because children are laid off, buying a house or choosing a school for their grandchildren, they have to squeeze out a meager pension to help their children bear the expenses.

4. Living conditions need to be improved. The living environment of some "empty nest" elderly people is dark and humid, their daily hygiene and cleaning are not in place, and their daily necessities are piled up around the bed, making the originally narrow space look messy and narrow. They are old and weak, and have to buy food and cook. In order to save trouble, they often cook three meals at a time, and some queue up to buy discounted food to save money.

Even some old people are still using outdated coal stoves.

5. The way of providing for the aged is restricted. Family pension is a traditional pension model in China, and it still occupies a major position in rural areas. The most fundamental and important thing for the elderly is to rely on the care of their children and relatives. With the transformation from traditional society to modern society, the concept of raising children and preventing old age has gradually faded, and it is considered that relying on society to provide old-age assistance is the trend of old-age care in the future. Although the concept of providing for the aged is influenced by many factors, low income is an important factor affecting the choice of providing for the aged.

Second, how to improve the living conditions of "empty nesters"

In modern cities, "neighbors don't communicate when they are old" has become a great regret. As the saying goes, "A distant relative is better than a close neighbor". Caring for "empty nesters" has attracted great attention from the government and society. Many places have made beneficial explorations on the mode of providing for the aged, and streets, communities and social volunteer groups have also helped the "empty nesters" in many ways. Aim at the street

According to the living conditions of empty nesters, it is suggested that street party committees and offices further emancipate their minds, formulate effective working ideas under the guidance of functional departments, take "watch project" as an important topic of community work, and take the community as the starting point to continuously enhance the influence and penetration of community aging work.

(A) Pay attention to the health of "empty nesters"

Do regular health check-ups for the "empty nesters", grasp the health status of the "empty nesters" in time, and regularly carry out targeted and instructive health lectures. Community health service centers (stations) regularly carry out free physical examinations for the elderly, and formulate annual health checklist, basic health form and health follow-up form for the elderly. The implementation of these measures will effectively avoid the possibility of delayed diagnosis and sudden illness. The comprehensive service center for the elderly in the street community opens a free green purchase channel to provide free distribution services for the elderly such as daily necessities, health care products and home appliances. Just make a phone call or directly register the required goods and specifications at the community service station, and they can be sent to the elderly. In addition, the community service center can also provide a series of free services specifically for the elderly, such as: free distribution of 120 safe travel cards, free distribution of health magazine Social Health Services, free distribution of healthy recipes and gourmet tables, regular home health exercises and hand exercises. These services will be warmly welcomed by the elderly.

(2) Explore ways of providing for the aged at home.

Community home care service is to establish a socialized service system and support home care in the community. That is, the elderly care for the elderly at home, and community service agencies provide non-profit public services to solve the problems of life care, domestic service and spiritual comfort for the elderly. Home-based care for the aged is an organic combination of family care and social care. It is a social care model that relies on the community and takes community service as the guarantee, and extends community care service to the family. In contrast, it is institutional pension. Because considering the desire of most elderly people to care for the elderly at home, even after the great development of social security, it is impossible to build a large number of social welfare facilities to accommodate a large number of elderly people in a short time. Therefore, it is a major feature and mainstream model of China's old-age care based on community home care and supplemented by institutional care. The core of this model is community service.

1, community service is direct, low in cost, wide in coverage and flexible in service mode, which has become the * * * knowledge of the international community to solve the aging problem. Western developed countries have gone through three stages to solve the problem of aging: in the early stage of aging, the government set up large-scale institutions to provide for the elderly; The economy and society have developed to a certain extent, and the old-age care has returned to the community; Finally, return to the family and form a home-based pension system. The experience of foreign pension welfare services shows that it is not feasible to solve the pension problem simply by relying on the government to organize large and medium-sized pension welfare institutions. Since 1980s, some developed countries abroad have strategically adjusted the welfare services for the elderly according to their psychological and practical needs, used a large number of pension funds for home-based care services, and formulated laws and policies to promote home-based care services. Home-based care for the aged at the community level has become the global consensus of the international community to solve the problem of aging, and it has been explored in the practice of various countries. In the 1990s, Britain brought old-age care into the community and adopted community nursing, which achieved quite good results. France has established a professional community for the elderly. In America, Germany, Holland, etc. The proportion of home-based care for the elderly is over 90%. Community service projects in Sweden encourage the elderly to live at home. At present, there are more than 3,000 service organizations providing home-based care for the elderly in Australia, serving more than 500,000 elderly people. Old people living in nursing homes account for less than 5% of the elderly population. After several years of unsuccessful implementation of the western-style pension model in nursing homes, in the late 1980s, Japan gradually established a home-based pension system with Japanese characteristics, with home-based pension and home-based pension as the development direction (source: Secretary 1 14). At present, 96.9% of the elderly in Japan live at home. Hong Kong adopts the principle of community care, emphasizing that the elderly can enjoy their old age in a familiar environment. The government has formulated a series of service support for the elderly living in the community, including domestic service and day care service for the elderly. According to the survey of China National Bureau of Statistics, the average number of elderly people over 60 who cannot take care of themselves is 8.8 1%. The number of elderly people who can't take care of themselves is12.89 million, increasing from 20 100 to 153 100 million, and reaching 21840,000 in 2020. Assuming that 10% of the elderly over 80 need to stay in nursing homes, only the elderly need10.5 million beds for the aged, 2130,000 beds in 2065, 438+00 beds in 2020, 3.07 million beds in 2030 and 4.24 million beds in 2030. At present, the society can only provide 600,000-700,000 beds for the aged; About 6%-8% of the elderly population are willing to go to old-age care institutions, and more than 85% of the elderly are willing to enjoy home-based care services. Therefore, by improving the community pension service system and building a community pension service network, the needs of the elderly for facilities, products and services can be met; Economic supply is borne by the state, and life care and spiritual comfort are carried out at home; Introducing community service into families, the state subsidizes the cost of public pension facilities saved by home-based pension to home-based pension and the development of community services, which is standardized in the form of laws and regulations and has become a stable pension model in an aging society in a certain historical stage.

2. The community service for the aged in China has the most geographical and genetic advantages. China has a long history of family support for the aged, which is mainly reflected in three aspects: economic support, life care and spiritual comfort, and has formed the Chinese cultural tradition and life custom of "filial piety first". As the key object of community service, the elderly group conforms to the psychological needs of the elderly (expanding the "small family" to the "big family" of the community), and is also the needs of their children and society. The living environment of "one old and one small" in the community has built a good platform, and its home-based care service has the most geographical and genetic advantages because of its economic, cultural and social characteristics. As a CPPCC member said during the "two sessions" this year, "community pension is an effective way to alleviate the shortage of pension institutions and the limited urban land in China, and it is also acceptable to many families for two generations. It can not only continue the tradition of supporting the elderly, but also reduce the pressure on children. "

3. Home care services fully consider the needs of the elderly. According to the survey of the living conditions of the elderly in nine cities in China, 50. 1% of the urban elderly often live near their places of residence, 65.438+05.6% live in the city and 65.438+0.4% go abroad for activities. This shows that the vast majority of the daily living space of the elderly is a community other than the family. Community has become the most important environment and condition for providing for the aged, and the most demanding, urgent and practical community service is the elderly group. The goal of home-based care for the elderly is to provide all-round services for the elderly in the community environment, establish a mutual help network for the elderly, and assist the elderly to integrate into the community. In the familiar environment of the community, keep the original living habits, and friends, relatives and acquaintances can also make the elderly happy. All these are conducive to restoring the normal living ability of the elderly and enabling them to establish their own lifestyle and social relations in the community. These just reflect the value concept of "people-oriented" and the working goal of "helping others and helping themselves" in social work. As the earliest social work in China, community service for the aged can truly provide for the elderly, provide them with medical care, learn, enjoy and be productive.

(C) Give full play to social forces to care about "empty nesters"

At present, China has gradually formed a "home care and community service" pension model, which requires huge social resources to pay. In a sense, the process of developing home-based aged care service is also the process of socialization of aged care service. Socialized services should be based on the community, encourage social forces to carry out community-based services for the aged, and gradually form a comprehensive service network that provides life care, medical care, rehabilitation care, housekeeping services, psychological counseling, cultural learning, physical fitness, entertainment and leisure for the elderly at home, and provide quality and convenient services. When studying the social support of the elderly and solving the problem of providing for the elderly, developed countries pay special attention to the division of functions of different groups and organizations, that is, families, relatives, friends, neighbors and institutions in providing support and nursing services for the elderly. At present, the biggest problem in the development of home care service in China is the lack of intermediary organizations that can undertake the service. In this context, some grass-roots governments try to break through the bottleneck by establishing full-time teams and relying on the radiation of community pension services. The survey results show that at present, China's non-profit pension service intermediaries (including some pension service supermarkets) are mainly engaged in collecting pension service information and providing pension, rights protection, health care, tourism, consulting and other services. In the old-age service team, the main caregivers are women (close to home, stable income, flexible working hours, generally neighbors of the elderly, with a certain emotional foundation, sense of responsibility and emotional drive).

Encourage "empty nesters" to participate in community activities.

All localities should implement the principle of being local, small and decentralized, and organize the elderly to carry out various activities such as entertainment, fitness, reading newspapers, watching TV, attending universities for the elderly, and short-distance travel. In particular, we should encourage and guide "empty nesters" to go out of their homes and participate in various indoor and outdoor activities.

1, build a "star" elderly activity center. According to the standard of "star-rated" activity centers for the elderly, we should change the single phenomenon of playing mahjong in the past, set up various activities such as TV, chatting, fitness, chess and cards, organize the elderly to learn political current affairs, and carry out various interesting cultural and recreational activities to attract "empty nesters" to participate in social activities and eliminate loneliness.

2. Establish cultural and sports organizations for the elderly. All communities should set up sports associations for the elderly, and organize the elderly to participate in various cultural and sports activities such as gateball, balloon volleyball and fitness ball, so as to be active in life and exercise their physique. And often organize small-scale cultural and sports competitions to promote the development of mass cultural activities for the elderly.

3. Set up a teaching point for the aged university. The university for the aged is a university without walls. The majority of elderly people can take part in the study, learn the Party's principles and policies, learn new scientific and cultural knowledge, and learn health care knowledge, which can not only increase their knowledge, but also eliminate loneliness and enrich their old age. Governments at all levels should vigorously support the work of local universities for the elderly in financial and material resources, set up teaching points nearby, and strive for more elderly people to participate in the study. All teaching points should actively open up the second classroom, carry out various interesting cultural and sports activities before and after class, organize students to go out for sightseeing, and arouse their enthusiasm.

Establish an information network for "empty nesters".

It is not enough to establish a social support system. Every community should master the situation of empty nesters and register their information, including their health status, so as to facilitate volunteers to provide timely and personalized services. Have a certain understanding of the body, family status and ideological status of "empty nesters". In case of emergency, you can rush to the scene at the first time, take measures to contact relatives, and send the warmth of the party and the government in time through frequent visits. You can make a "heart-to-heart card for empty nesters in the street", which records the phone numbers of street contacts and community contacts. The community health service center (station) will make a street community health service contact card and send it to all empty nesters, so that they can find service personnel at any time when they are in urgent need.

In a word, building a harmonious socialist society is a new development of the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s understanding of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's cause and an ideal society that people have been pursuing since ancient times. The elderly group is an important part of society, especially caring for empty nesters, which should be an important part of building a harmonious China. Empty nesters are a unique group of elderly people. According to the policy of aging work, we should do a good job of service for them, send the warmth of the party and government and social care to their hearts, and let the "empty nesters" live happily and healthily in the streets and communities. Only in this way can the construction of harmonious communities get twice the result with half the effort.

References:

1, Lai,: "Empty nesters' old-age care style neglected by traditional families", published in Fuzhou Daily 65438+1October 30th.

2. Huang Runlong. Family status of empty nesters in China, Proceedings of Gerontology Academic Summit Forum of China Gerontology Society.

3. Xinglin Street, Luyang District, Hefei City: Caring for the Empty Nest Elderly and Maintaining a Harmonious Society, 65438+1October 27th.

4. Yan Xiuhua: Caring for empty nesters and building a harmonious society, published in Minnan Daily on February 8 1 edition.

5. Wang Qinghua: Study on the relationship between quality of life and mental health of empty nesters, Chief Medical Network, August 22nd.