Writing strategies

1. What is narrative?

a narrative that remembers people is a narrative that takes people as the main narrative object and stories as the axis. It expresses the theme by creating characters with distinctive personality and certain typical significance. Its plot arrangement is not based on "things", but on "people", and the narrative, scenery, objects, lyricism and other expressions in this paper all serve the writers.

Clear content is the most basic requirement of narrative, and it is necessary to accurately and concretely describe the characters and reflect their personality characteristics. Specific descriptions of characters include portrait description, language description, action description and psychological description. The main thing is to write the words and deeds of the characters in the development of the event and express their thoughts.

Remember people's compositions in detail and properly. Some places need to be highlighted, some places are understated, and some places are simply empty.

Narrative is an article with people, notes and objects as its main content and narrative and description as its expression.

In narrative writing, attention should be paid to portrait description, action description, language description, psychological description and detail description. Candidates should master flexibly and highlight key points according to the requirements of writing.

in narrative writing, we should pay attention to six elements (time, place, people, events, causes and results), the description sequence and the relative completeness of the notes, and pay attention to the beginning, development, climax and ending of events.

Narrative with scenery as the main theme should pay attention to the main features of scenery, the level of scenery description, and the emotional blending of people and things.

1. Make clear the purpose of writing and the central idea of narration. Paragraph narration always revolves around the theme, avoiding spatial narration and content irrelevant to the theme.

2. A good narrative needs to express the following six questions directly or indirectly, namely: when? When did it happen, where? Where did it happen, who? Who is the persona, what? What happened, why? Why it happened, and how? How the result of the incident was caused, and so on.

3. A narrative, no matter how long it is, should be a completely independent fact. Therefore, when writing, you must be clear about where to start the narrative, where to end it, and what facts should be provided to make the narrative complete.

4. The writing order can adopt the methods of "chronological narration", "flashback" and "interspersed narration", but beginners had better adopt the method of "chronological narration" for training, taking the sequence of plot occurrence time as the order.

Second, it is necessary to make clear the six elements of narrative:

people, time, place, beginning, development and climax

These elements must be fully reflected in the article. Regardless of the narrative of the writer or the narrative of the note, it is required to make good use of the six elements to express their thoughts and feelings when writing.

(1) Characters

Characters are an important part of the narrative to express the author's feelings, and even the narrative to write things depends on characters to express the theme, so it is particularly critical to describe the characters in the works.

There are several ways to describe characters:

① Action description ② Portrait description ③ Language description ④ Psychological description

Example: Lao Shuan hurriedly touched out the foreign money, trembling to give it to him, but afraid to pick up his things. The man became anxious and shouted, "What are you afraid of? Why not take it? " Old Shuan hesitated, and the black man grabbed the lantern, tore off the paper cover, wrapped the steamed bread and stuffed it with old Shuan. Grabbed the foreign money in one hand, squeezed it, and turned around. Humming in his mouth, he said, "This old thing ..." (greedy side)

"Old Shuan is just busy, if his son ..." Before the fifth young master with a hunchback finished his words, he suddenly broke into a man with a juryman face, wearing a dark black shirt and loose buttons, and tied it around his waist at random with a wide dark black belt. As soon as he entered the door, he shouted to Lao Shuan ... (rogue image)

B. Similar action descriptions are also fully reflected in Kong Yiji written by Lu Xun, which is the well-known sentence "Expelling nine pence". What a rich connotation a simple verb contains! This is also a typical example of the complex and simple characters.

① action description: it is a method to portray characters through their actions, and it is an important means to shape characters and reveal their personalities. Attention should be paid when describing actions:

1. Not all actions of characters are necessary to be described.

2. The purpose of action description is not only to show what the characters have done, but more importantly, to portray the characters through their actions.

3. Be good at grasping the actions that best reflect the character's character and the inner world of the character, and make a summary or detailed description.

The common mistakes in this kind of description are as follows:

1. I don't choose and choose the actions of the characters, and I don't understand the purpose of action description.

2. The action description is inconsistent with the age and personality of the characters, and there is a lack of careful observation of the characters.

3. The action description is inaccurate, not specific, not vivid, with poor vocabulary and poor language expression.

② Portrait description:

Character appearance description refers to the description of a character's appearance, posture, dress, expression, posture, voice and physiological characteristics. For this reason, the description of appearance should be able to grasp the characteristics of the figure's appearance and reflect the character's personality characteristics, and conform to the social status, identity, age, occupation and personality of the figure, and should not cover everything.

We can look back at Lu Xun's way of drawing eyes. There are three descriptions of Xianglinsao in his works that focus on speaking with eyes to reveal her life experience and inner feelings. Let's change the description order in the text and experience the unique charm of portrait description in chronological order:

When I first arrived in Luzhen, I was about 267 years old, and my face was blue and yellow, but my cheeks were still red. The appearance is still geometric, the hands and feet are growing, and they just follow the eyes.

Second, when I arrived in Luzhen, I still wore a white rope on my head, a black skirt, a blue jacket, and a moonlight vest. My face was blue and yellow, but my cheeks had disappeared, and there were some tears in my eyes, and my eyes were not as energetic as before.

Three to five years ago, the gray hair in Luzhen was completely white, unlike people in their forties. His face was emaciated, yellow and black, and his previous sad look disappeared, as if it were woodcut; Only the blink of an eye can indicate that she is a living thing.

I haven't seen Xianglinsao's three descriptions, all of which reflect the life situation of the characters at different stages. "Eyes are the windows of the soul", which is quite right.

Portrait description doesn't ask for likeness, it doesn't ask for all aspects, it only asks for highlighting the identity and personality of the characters.

Example: "Always smiling, gentle attitude" appears repeatedly in the article "In memory of Liu Hezhen Jun" to create a beautiful image of Liu Hezhen, and even more to expose the shameless slander of Duan government. "He has a thick black beard, his eyes are bright, and his head is full of stubborn hair that stands upright, as if he is confessing his disharmony with the real society everywhere."

sketch of a man

He is of medium height. A square face and thick black hair are as thick and short as hedgehogs, which makes people feel angry and arrogant. The faintly discernible wrinkles on his forehead may be proof that he is young but has more experience and dabbles in a wide range. Under the brow, slender eyes are full of vitality and charm of life, and their eyes are sometimes as sharp as X-rays, as if they can see through people's internal organs; Sometimes tenderness is like water, which seems to accumulate the warmth of the whole world. A moderate nose is like a protruding rock, and a mole on the right side of the "rock" looks like a pause, just like a loyal guard who always shuts his mouth like a door.

③ Language description

Words are heartfelt, and the language of characters is the direct expression of characters' thoughts. Therefore, the most important thing in language description is to reflect the voice of the characters and express their ideological character. We must grasp the identity and personality of the characters through language, which is what we call "individualization of language description". We will certainly remember that greedy miser, who regards money as his life, and his inner monologue "That's just wiping his neck" is probably unforgettable. When describing the language of characters, we should grasp the identity, status, age and personality of the characters to write, otherwise it will be very incongruous. Language expression must be appropriate.

Where are the cigarettes

"Lei Lei, good Lei Lei, tell Dad where the cigarettes are hidden."

"no, mom won't let me."

"Lei Lei, you don't know, do you? Write an article and smoke a cigarette, and write a big article at a time?"

"Dad, the life counselor never said that."

"Lei Lei, dad will take you to Xuanwu Lake tomorrow to watch the monkey do somersaults. Please tell me."

"No, I'm not going to be a traitor. I won't tell you. "

The common mistakes in this kind of description are:

1. No choice or improper choice of character language makes the character language inconsistent with its identity and personality.

2. Language has no personality.

3、? Language is procrastinating, repetitive and boring.

④ Psychological description

The description of the inner activities of characters is psychological description.

directly reveals the inner world of the characters, but the methods of psychological description can be divided into direct description and indirect description, which are roughly as follows:

a, direct description of psychology. Often expressed as "thinking" and "he feels ...". B, action expressions write psychology. As he "dragged his legs as heavy as lead." "Mother touched the cold skin of the box with her hand, leaned her elbow on it and looked at everyone with satisfaction." C, environment writing psychology. For example, "every time I open the door, there is a cloud of cold air blowing on his face, which makes him feel very refreshed, so she sucks the cold air deeply."

d, inner monologue writing psychology. "Is it finished?" Mother asked herself. But then he replied with a trembling voice, "It's probably ok ..."

E, illusion can write psychology, or you can write psychology through dreams.

At the end of "Blessing", all the doubts from the daytime to the first night were swept away by the air of blessing. I only felt that the saints of heaven and earth enjoyed the cigarettes and stumbled in the air drunk, ready to give people in Luzhen infinite happiness.

The description that the author turned into a bee in "Litchi Honey" also belongs to this category.

Teacher, I tell you (excerpt)

This incident has caused a storm all over the school, and my classmates who are familiar with me are no longer willing to go with me, and all the students in the school regard me with special respect. Before class that day, I was called to the office by you, and you earnestly enlightened me. So anxious, so angry. It seems that I am indeed a thief, and it seems that a poisonous snake is wrapped around my son. On the side of the principal with his hands behind his back, he looked dignified and cast a cold look from thick lenses. I can't stand it, just looking at you coldly. I didn't say a word about your question You are angry, and you think I am not only vain, but also stubborn. However, teacher, do you know how sad I am?

I can stand aunt's scolding and cousin's cold shoulder, but I can't stand a person who once loved me and didn't trust me so much. I'm only 1 years old! How can the mind of a 1-year-old child be forced to bear a heavy burden? How can a 1-year-old child experience all this with her pure heart? Teacher, I know that you are doing me good, and you are so anxious for me, but teacher, why do you underestimate a child's creativity? The young mind can't bear such a heavy burden. Finally, I cried and "admitted" to you: "I … I … stole it." I am trembling all over, my hands and feet are cold, and you look like a spring breeze. "Okay, it's okay, just change it." You regard my loss of self-esteem as a relief from jumping out of the mire.

(2) Time and place

Time and place provide life scenes for character activities and plot development. At the same time, time also has the function of structuring articles. Generally, narrative writing should be written according to time, and there are several ways according to time, such as sequential narration, flashback, interpolation, supplementary narration and flat narration.

generally speaking, writing plays a role in sequence, but in order to highlight the ending, flashback can be used, which can set suspense.

Interpolation and supplementary narration often play the role of expanding the content and enriching the expression of articles.

Plot

Plot is the concrete development of the complete content of a narrative. It generally consists of beginning, development, climax and ending, and individual works can have prologue and ending.

As the focus of writing, the "development" part and the "climax" part need special attention, and the highlights of an article are often reflected there.

The conception of the plot should follow the truth of life and have "the rationality of life". The so-called "rationality of life" means that the content of writing should conform to the reality of life, but we don't have to be too rigid. Learning from Mr. Lu Xun's method of "taking all kinds of things and synthesizing one" will enrich the article.

The conception of the plot will directly determine the quality of an article. Things are different from narratives of writing events. Of course, the narrative of the writer should also reflect the character through an event. This should be considered when designing the structure.

Although a composition is not a literary creation, it also requires the use of literary expressions. Narrative writing should be good at drawing lessons from some expressions when writing people or keeping notes. Of course, this is also an idea based on the "truth" of life.

How can we write a work full of twists and turns?

① Suspense is like plot:

Homework should be good at breaking through the dull plot development direction, and narrative should be good at designing suspense for the display of characters' personalities. For example, write a small essay:

Take pictures

She has always been clever, but this time she was stumped. Several foreigners want to take pictures of her, and ask her to keep her posture just now: shouldering the vegetable basket, bending down to pick up the vegetable skin and rotten leaves on the ground. The dishes are home-made, and when they are sold out, what's new about picking up the leftover vegetables and feeding them to pigs? No photos? Our peasant women don't understand the customs of foreigners, so don't offend others. Give a photo? We're not short of food and clothing. Wouldn't it be embarrassing to take photos? Got it. She turned her body, changed her angle, and quickly made a gesture just now. But when the foreigners saw it, they stirred up their shoulders almost at the same time and squeezed out the crowd of onlookers. It turned out that she skillfully used the placard behind her-"public places, consciously pay attention to hygiene."

② the method of twists and turns:

If you write a classmate practicing writing and then contribute, this tentative content can be used to write twists and turns.

③ Break away from the conventional method: by remembering a good deed or writing about a person doing a good deed, we can break away from the stereotype of writing about good deeds, seeking novelty and change. Please write an unconventional composition according to the following situations: the snowy road in winter, the early morning, Xiao Fang who went to school, and the grandmother who bought tofu.

④ O. Henry's brushwork: Soapy's six efforts to commit crimes failed to get him there as he wished.