What is a keel?

Alias land rover legacy, naga bone, raw keel, forged keel, Wuhua keel, blue and white keel, flower keel and white keel. The English name of Zhuyin Gulong is DRGONSBONES, FOSSILIZID, and DRGON‘s bone. The efficacy classification of the primary mineral FOSSIAOSIASMASTODI comes from the classic of 1 2. "Upp Materia Medica": keel, the color is green and white. 3. Lei Gong can-making theory: Keel, born in Shaanxi and Taiyuan, Cangzhou, female, with thick and narrow bones, five colors, white and black, good in Huang Lue, and no need to be unclean. 4. "Bielu": keel, born in the earth cave of Sichuan Valley in Shanxi and Taishan Rock Bank. All the time. 5. Tao Hongjing: Keels are found in Liangzhou, Yizhou and Bazhong today. If you want to get spine and shin, you can make white brocade, lick your tongue well, with weak teeth, still teeth and strong horns. 6. "Materia Medica": The combination of keel, teeth and horns is common in Hedong County today. 7. "Materia Medica": I have tasted the valleys of Shanxi and Shushan. In order to visit the place where keels are produced, the rocks are steep and the streams are steep. Lei Lei is like a Long Lin, hiding as a chess piece and digging everywhere. All these are keels. There are so many dragons' bones, but they are all accumulated in Liangshan. There should be a relationship between rock swallow and stone crab, steam molding and fossilization instead of dragon ears. Medicinal materials are derived from the bones of ancient mammals such as elephants, rhinoceroses and three-toed horses. Distribution of drug sources: distribution of animal and plant resources: Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Yunnan, etc. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Qinghai and other places. Animal and plant ecological environment: living in a warm environment. It is mainly produced in tertiary sedimentary rocks (argillaceous rocks and siltstones) and quaternary sediments. After crustal activity, it mixes with sand and mud to form fossils or rock formations. Remove soil and impurities after harvesting, storage and excavation. The five-flower keel is brittle and easily broken when exposed to air, and tassel paper is often attached. This product is the skeleton fossil of ancient mammals such as elephant, rhinoceros and three-toed horse. Various expositions 1. Notes on Treatise on Febrile Diseases: Keels, Oysters and Lead Making, Restraint and Caution. 2. "Compendium": tonifying kidney to relieve convulsion, stopping malaria, eliminating dampness, rectocele, promoting granulation and healing sores. The astringency can go away, so the Yunlong bone of Cheng can converge and float above the vital qi, and consolidate the large intestine meridian to stop the shock. And the main pulse is a disease. 3. "Materia Medica": the keel tastes astringent and the main convergence. All the symptoms such as diarrhea, intestinal obstruction, female leakage, collapse and drowning are caused by blood heat accumulation, so it is advisable to use the method of relieving diarrhea instead of astringent, for fear of blood stasis. Only those who collapse after a long illness are not taboo. 4. "Materia Medica": The keel can cure diseases of yin and yang. For example, yin can't keep its yang, or it is fright, epilepsy, delirium, spontaneous sweating and night sweats. For example, Yang Can can't consolidate its yin, otherwise it will be excreted for a long time, used for stranguria, defecation, teeth grinding, blood drowning and bloody stool, vaginal discharge of women and proctoptosis. Or yin is not yang, and yang is not yin-solid, because of dreaminess, ejaculation, stroke, and all kinds of pains, such people are salty enough to treat this as a closed child and treat it with a certified drug. 5. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": astringent can go, keel enters the liver to gather souls, and converges and floats. It can treat cough, remove purulent blood, and remove upper and lower qi and blood. Although its nature is astringent, it can enter the liver to break the knot. Obstruction and stagnation are all due to blood accumulation in the liver meridian; Children's febrile epilepsy is also a disease of liver meridian, and bezoar helps it, especially in eliminating pathogenic factors and cutting liver. Its nature collects the yin in the yang, and it specializes in treating the meridian of foot Jue Yin. At the same time, it treats dreaminess, insomnia, ejaculation, epistaxis, hematemesis, fetal leakage, intestinal wind, tonifying the kidney and calming the heart, which is a medicine for convergence of essence. If there are foreign pathogens, it can be used for external use and medicine. Also, the main pulse is sick, so the abdomen is full. If the waist is soluble in water, anti-astringent drugs should be used. It is used to stop yin malaria, remove dampness, treat dysentery, proctoptosis due to chronic dysentery, promote granulation and heal sores. However, if the convergence is too great, those who have collapsed for a long time should not make mistakes; Misuse of excessive fire and loss of sperm often leads to red and astringent pain, and the more refined it is, the more it cannot be collected. 6. "100 kinds of records of materia medica": keel is the most sticky, which can converge the righteousness. All diseases of mental dissipation and gastrointestinal slippage can be treated. Moreover, it converges healthy qi without converging pathogenic factors, so Zhongjing is also used for those with unfinished typhoid fever. 7. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": The function of keel is the same as that of oyster, but oyster has salty and astringent taste in kidney, which has the functions of softening phlegm and clearing heat. This is the sweet and astringent taste in the liver, which has the wonderful effect of astringing and relieving anxiety. For example, Xu Zhicai called it astringent taste, and the keel oyster belongs to this genus. White brocade pattern, sticky tongue is better. 8. "Materia Medica Reading": Epilepsy and convulsion are all caused by liver qi going up and phlegm returning to the heart. Keel can soothe the nerves and resolve phlegm, so it is the holy medicine for epilepsy and convulsion. Phlegm dampness can make a fire, and the keel can lead the fire back to the house. If it is used with oysters, it is a magical product for treating phlegm. Today, people only know how superficial it is to stop it. 9. "medical fever in western learning": keel is the most sticky and has the power to sink, so it can converge its vitality, calm its spirit and be firm and slippery. Any palpitation, sweating, hematemesis, defecation bleeding, turbid nocturnal emission, loose stool, dysuria and female metrorrhagia can be treated. Its nature is especially good for phlegm, and it can treat lung phlegm cough and cough against qi. Its taste is slightly pungent, and it still has the power to open in convergence. Therefore, the Classic says that it governs diarrhea, purulent blood and women's leakage, but it also governs abdominal pain. Xu's argument is extremely subtle. The so-called righteousness is not convergent, and exogenous factors are not exhausted. Zhongjing's Chaihu plus Gulong Oyster Decoction and Guizhi Gancao Gulong Oyster Decoction are also stupid, which are more stupid than typhoid fever, febrile disease, deficiency heat and pulse consolidation, palpitation, mental annoyance, and constant keel with dogwood meat and gypsum. The keel can not only enter the qi sea to strengthen its vitality, but also enter the liver meridian to prevent it from dissipating its vitality, and can also enter the liver to shrink the liver wood. It is stupid for sudden stroke and limb failure syndrome. If the pulse is hard, it is well known that liver fire and liver wind move in it, so keel and oyster are always added to the medicine to contract it until the pulse becomes soft and the disease heals itself. Stupid use of keel is almost raw, but it can only be used to treat women's bloody collapse or childbirth leakage. When it is extremely dangerous, those who constantly use forging will take advantage of its convergence to gain temporary benefits. 10. Classic: Treating cough, diarrhea and purulent blood, female leakage, abdominal mass, and infantile febrile convulsion. 1 1. Bielu: Treat vexation in the heart, weakness of limbs, sweating profusely, vigil at night, anger, asphyxia under the heart, carbuncle of intestine, yin erosion, antiperspirant, contraction of urine, nourishing qi, calming the soul and calming the five internal organs. Baiyou bone therapy for nocturnal emission and enuresis. 12. theory of medicinal properties: dispel pathogenic factors, ease the mind, stop cold dysentery and purulent blood, women have leucorrhea when they collapse, prevent dreams from discharging sperm, make love in dreams, treat hematuria, and use it for dreaminess due to deficiency. 13. rihuazi materia medica: strengthening the spleen and astringing the stomach, stopping diarrhea and quenching thirst, leaking pregnancy, bleeding due to intestinal wind, prostration and leukorrhagia, vomiting blood due to nasal congestion and stopping sweating. 14. pearl capsule: fix the large intestine and remove it.

Paleontology Wuhua keel

Wuhua keel is an irregular block with a length and width of 7- 10 cm and a thickness of about 3 cm. The upper teeth are white, with blue-gray and reddish-brown patterns on them, varying in depth and thickness, slightly like marble stripes. Slightly shiny, occasionally with small cracks. Hard, easy to peel off layer by layer, fragile when twisted, and strong hygroscopicity. It can be absorbed on the tongue when licked with the tongue. Odorless and tasteless. The shape of the keel is generally irregular. Length10-17cm, width 7-10cm. The surface is grayish white or yellowish white, mostly smooth, with some longitudinal cracks or brown stripes and spots. Hard as stone, the cut surface is uneven, white, and some are hollow, and the touch is as delicate as powder. The joints are swollen and there are several honeycomb holes in the cross section. The hygroscopicity is also very strong. Odorless and tasteless. [Distribution] Sichuan, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai. [Excavation] After excavation, remove the soil. [Chemical composition] Mainly contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2). [Sex and taste function] Sweet, astringent and flat. Astringe qi, eliminating dampness, stopping night sweats, calming nerves, astringing essence and stopping bleeding. Indications: It can be used to treat night sweats, wet dream, nocturnal emission, diarrhea, epistaxis and metrorrhagia. External use can heal wounds. Decoction or pill powder. Grind the powder for external use and apply it to the affected area. [Dosage] 20-30g; Appropriate quantity for internal use.

Edit the medical function of this paragraph.

The chemical composition mainly contains calcium hydroxyphosphate Ga5(PO4)3(OH) (hydroxyapatite); It also contains a small amount of calcium carbonate, iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, strontium and other elements. Research progress of chemical constituents: slight physical and chemical identification (1) This product is insoluble in water, soluble in dilute nitric acid and produces bubbles, and has the identification reaction between calcium salt and phosphate. For the reaction of calcium salt identification, please refer to gypsum. Phosphate identification reaction: take this product solution, add ammonium molybdate test solution and dilute nitric acid, and heat to produce yellow precipitate; Separation and precipitation are soluble in ammonia solution. Adding ammonia solution can reverse the reaction and dissolve it. (2)X-ray diffraction identification: The characteristic diffraction peaks of hydroxyapatite and calcite should be displayed on the X-ray diffraction diagram of the sample. Brief introduction of pharmacological action of content determination. Note 1. At present, the "keel" in the market is kaolin in the ore, which is embedded in the stone in a knee-shaped block or bone shape, and has no skeleton structure due to the infiltration of iron oxide and manganese oxide. 2. Dragon teeth: tooth fossils of ancient mammals such as rhinoceros and three-toed horse. They are conical or cylindrical, a little curved and shaped like teeth.

Edit this modern research

Main ingredients:

Mainly calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, but also contains iron, potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfate and so on. Pharmacological action: 1. Sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant experiments show that 20% keel suspension 20ml/kg can significantly improve the hypnotic rate of pentobarbital sodium; 2. Other actions 20% keel suspension 20ml/kg can shorten the clotting time of normal mice.

Clinical report:

1. Diabetes insipidus, raw Os Draconis, raw oysters, Lycium barbarum, Semen Cuscutae cake, Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Amomi and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, 15g, Radix Glehniae, 12g. , fried in water. General 10 ~ 20 doses were all cured, and after 1 (1 1): 19] 2. Treat the scalded keel, gypsum, rhubarb and catechu in equal parts, grind them into fine powder, make them into a thin paste with herbal tea, apply them to the affected area, cover them with gauze (face is not covered), and change the medicine every other day 1. (4): 2 12] 3. Treatment of suppurative diseases: 20 grams of borneol, keel and angelica, 20 grams of cinnabar, 40 grams of plaster of Paris, 200 grams of calcined calamine, * * ground into fine powder, applied to the wound, fixed with adhesive tape, changed 1 time for 2-3 days, and treated. ( 10): 47〗

Edit paragraph 2. Building keel

Keel is a kind of building material used to support modeling and fix structures. Widely used in hotels and terminal buildings. Passenger stations, stations, theaters, shopping malls, factories, office buildings, renovation of old buildings, indoor decoration settings, ceilings and other places. Keel is the skeleton and base material of decoration, which is very common.

Keel classification

There are many kinds of keels, which can be divided into wooden keels, light steel keels, aluminum alloy keels and steel keels according to different materials. According to the use position, it can be divided into ceiling keel, vertical wall keel, floor keel and hanging keel. According to the different decoration construction technology, there are load-bearing keels and non-load-bearing keels (i.e. main keels and secondary keels). According to their models, specifications and uses, there are T-shaped, C-shaped and U-shaped keels. There are many types of materials commonly used in wooden keel decoration, which are used to support the external decorative board and play a supporting role. Dragon bone cart is a kind of wooden waterwheel. The wooden boards filled with water are connected or surrounded by wooden tenons to scoop water. It is mostly rotated by human or animal power. Light steel keel Light steel keel is a very popular decoration material in recent years. It can be used as ceiling and partition wall, and has strong fireproof performance. With light steel keel, you can make all kinds of beautiful modeling shipbuilding inventions-keel structure The keel structure of ancient ships in China is an important invention in shipbuilding industry, which has had a far-reaching impact on the development of ship structures in the world. In the Song Dynasty, the deck of the sharp-bottomed seagoing ship was flat, the side of the ship was cut like a blade, and the cross section of the ship was V-shaped. The keel running through the fore and aft is set under the sharp-bottomed ship to support the hull, which makes the ship stronger, and at the same time, it is very powerful in resisting wind and waves. European ships began to adopt this keel structure at the beginning of19th century, hundreds of years later than China. Keel keel is a longitudinal member connecting the stern column and the stern column in the center of the hull base. It mainly bears the longitudinal bending moment of the hull. When making a ship model, it is necessary to choose rectangular section pine strips with straight wood grain and no knots. Side keels are longitudinal members on both sides of the keels. It bears part of the longitudinal bending moment and improves the strength of the hull to bear external forces. The side keel of a ship is usually made of pine strips with rectangular cross section. Rib ribs are transverse members in the hull. It bears lateral water pressure and maintains the geometry of the hull. The ribs of ship models are usually made of plywood. Dragon ribs are longitudinal members on both sides of the hull. Together with the ribs, it forms a net structure to fix the side plates of the ship and increase the structural strength of the hull. The dragon ribs of ship models are usually made of rectangular pine strips. Hull plate Hull plate includes side plates and bottom plates. The geometric shape of the hull is determined by the shape of the hull plate. Various external forces, such as longitudinal bending force, water pressure and wave impact force, first act on the hull plate. The hull plate of a ship model can be spliced and bonded by pine strips and pine boards. Stern keel Some hulls are also equipped with stern keel, which is a longitudinal component installed at the joint between the side and the bottom of the ship. It can reduce the swaying phenomenon of ships sailing in waves. The bilge keel of the ship model can be made of copper or iron with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 1 mm, and the bow column and stern column are installed at the head end and tail end of the hull respectively, and the lower part is connected with the keel. They can strengthen the hull to withstand wave impact and water pressure, as well as longitudinal collision and vibration when the propeller works.

Benefits of keel laying on the floor

First, it is waterproof and moisture-proof, and it is in direct contact with the foundation, which is easy to rot; Second, it is convenient for construction. If it is directly built on the foundation, the requirements for the foundation are quite strict, and the foundation must be quite flat, otherwise it is not convenient to install, and expansion screws need to be directly fixed on the foundation, which is not conducive to beauty; Third, the keel can be used to adjust the height difference; Fourthly, because the board is lifted, it can make noise when walking and feel very comfortable.

Installation method of keel

The requirement for purchasing materials and accessories is 1. Light steel skeleton is divided into U-shaped skeleton and T-shaped skeleton, and divided into people and people according to load. 2. The main components of light steel skeleton are large, medium and small keels; Accessories include hangers, connectors and hanging plug-ins. 3. Spare parts: suspenders, blue screws, nails and self-tapping screws. 4. According to the design instructions, various cover plates, aluminum battens or plastic battens can be selected, and their material varieties, specifications and quality should meet the design requirements. 5. Binder: It should be selected according to the performance of the main material, and a bonding test should be conducted before use. The main machines are chain saw, toothless saw, nail gun, hand saw, hand planer, pliers, screwdriver, mover, square ruler, steel rule, molten steel level, etc. Operating conditions: 1. During structural construction, the cast-in-place concrete floor slab or precast concrete floor slab shall be left with joints, and φ6~φ 10 reinforced concrete suspenders shall be embedded according to the design requirements. When there is no requirement in the design, steel suspenders should be embedded according to the arrangement position of the big keel, and the general spacing is 900~ 1200mm. 2. When the wall column of the ceiling room is brick masonry, it should be embedded. 3. After installing various pipes and ventilation pipes in the ceiling, determine the positions of lights, vents and various exposed holes. 4. Prepare all kinds of materials. 5. Before the ceiling cover panel is installed, the wet operation project of wall and ground shall be completed. 6. Set up the shelf of the operation platform for suspended ceiling construction. 7. Before the large-scale construction, the light steel frame ceiling should be built into a model room, and before the large-scale construction, the camber of the ceiling, the structural treatment of the lamp trough and vent, the block and the fixing method should be tested and approved. Operation technology: 1. Process flow: elastic thread → installation of large keel suspender → installation of large keel → installation of middle keel → installation of small keel → installation of cotton cover plate → installation of batten → painting with antirust paint. 2. Elastic line: According to the floor elevation line, measure the ceiling [shed design elevation vertically with a ruler, and elastic the ceiling elevation along the wall and column. 3. Installation of large keel suspender: After the ceiling elevation horizontal line and keel position line are played, the elevation of the lower end of the suspender is determined, and the end of the suspender without bolts and threads is connected and fixed with the rigid reinforcement embedded in the floor according to the position of the large keel and the hanging spacing. 4. Install the big keel ①. Install the boom nut. (2) Install the hanger on the big keel in advance. ③ Installation of large keel: assemble the large keel of the hanger, make the hanger pass through the required hanger nut according to the position of the step line, and tighten the nut. (4) Connection of the large keel: install the connector, and adjust the elevation by pulling the wire to make it arched and straight. ⑤. Install a large keel at the mouth of the cave, and set the connection card according to the node structure corresponding to the atlas. 6. Fix the side keel with nails. When there is no requirement in the design, the nail spacing is1000 mm.. 5. Install the middle keel ①. Press the ladder line of the middle keel that has been played, and clamp the hanger of the middle keel. (2) Hanging the middle keel: according to the spacing of the middle keel specified in the design, hang the middle keel on the big keel with a hanger. When there is no requirement in the design, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600 mm. （3）。 When the length of the middle keel needs to be extended by more than one, the middle keel is connected with the keel connector while hanging, and it is straightened and fixed. 6. Install the small keel: ①. According to the played small keel line, clamp the small keel to drop the pendant. (2) Hanging small keel: according to the small keel spacing specified in the design, hang the small keel on the middle keel through the hanger. When there is no requirement in the design, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600 mm. （3）。 When the length of the small keel needs to be extended by more than one, while hanging the small keel, use the small keel connector to connect the opposite ends, and straighten it before fixing it. (4). When T-shaped keels are used to form the light steel skeleton, when installing the cover plates, the small keels should be equipped with small blocking keels for each cover plate. 7. Installation of the cover panel: Under the assembled and qualified light rigid frame, according to the specifications of the cover panel, a row of cover panels are installed from the middle of the ceiling based on the direction of the middle keel, and then installed on both sides in branches. The spacing of self-tapping screws for fixing the cover plate is 200 ~ 300 mm..8 8. Brush antirust paint: light steel framework covers the ceiling and surface of the panel (such as embedded parts, pendants, connectors, nail accessories, etc.). ) The welding parts without antirust treatment shall be painted with antirust paint before completion. This process should be carried out before sealing the panel. The quality standard shall be implemented according to GB-502 10-200 1 clauses 6.2.7 to 6.3. 1 1. Finished product protection is 1. When installing light steel skeleton and cover panel, attention should be paid to protecting all kinds of pipelines in the ceiling. Derrick and keel of light steel skeleton are not allowed to be fixed on ventilation pipes and other equipment. 3. Doors and windows installed in ceilings, floors, walls and windowsills of completed construction shall be protected to prevent fouling. 4. The installed light steel skeleton shall not be trampled here, and other types of work shall not be hung on the light steel skeleton. 5. In order to protect the finished product, the installation of the cover panel must be carried out after all processes such as pipeline testing and heat preservation in the shed are qualified. The quality problem that should be paid attention to is 1. Uneven ceiling: The reason is that the suspenders were not carefully leveled when installing the large keel, resulting in inconsistent elevation of each suspender point. During construction, the rigor of each lifting point should be checked and connected, and whether the elevation and flatness meet the requirements of design and construction specifications should be checked. 2. Unreasonable local joint structure of light steel skeleton: Keels and connectors should be set according to the corresponding joint structure in the drawings at the places where holes are left, lamp openings, vents, etc., so as to make the structure meet the requirements of the drawings and design. 3. The light steel skeleton is not firmly hung: the light steel skeleton of the ceiling should be hung on the main structure, and the suspender nut should be tightened to control the fixed design elevation; Pipes and equipment parts in the ceiling shall not be hung on the light steel frame. 4. The seam of the cover panel is not straight: pay attention to the specifications of the panel during construction, align the stay wires, and ensure that it is straight when installing and fixing. 5. The seam pressing strip and the blank holder strip are not tight or straight: the line should be pulled during construction, fixed and glued after alignment.

Edit the third paragraph. Ship keel

definition

The keel is a longitudinal member connecting the bow and stern column, which is located in the center of the bottom of the hull. Located at the bottom of the ship, it is a longitudinal member connecting the bow and stern column, and is located in the center of the hull base. There are transverse ribs on the keel for reinforcement. At the bow and stern, the keel bypassed the bow. Keels are usually the first part of hull construction.

function

The main function of ship keel is load-bearing, which is the most important load-bearing structure of ships, especially small ships. It bears the longitudinal bending moment of the hull and ensures the structural strength of the ship. The second function of the keel is to enlarge the side area of the ship, improve the parallel impedance of the ship in the water and prevent the crosswind from turning. This is especially important for sailing against the wind. The keel of a sailboat will be supported by diagonal braces in the middle or edge of the skeleton. In addition, the keel also plays an important role in stabilizing the weight of the ship and reducing the inclination or reverse rotation of the ship.

Other related components

Side keels are longitudinal members on both sides of the keels. It bears part of the longitudinal bending moment and improves the strength of the hull to bear external forces. The side keel of a ship is usually made of pine strips with rectangular cross section. Rib ribs are transverse members in the hull. It bears lateral water pressure and maintains the geometry of the hull. The ribs of ship models are usually made of plywood. Dragon ribs are longitudinal members on both sides of the hull. Together with the ribs, it forms a net structure to fix the side plates of the ship and increase the structural strength of the hull. The dragon ribs of ship models are usually made of rectangular pine strips. Hull plate Hull plate includes side plates and bottom plates. The geometric shape of the hull is determined by the shape of the hull plate. Various external forces, such as longitudinal bending force, water pressure and wave impact force, first act on the hull plate. The hull plate of a ship model can be spliced and bonded by pine strips and pine boards. Stern keel Some hulls are also equipped with stern keel, which is a longitudinal component installed at the joint between the side and the bottom of the ship. It can reduce the swaying phenomenon of ships sailing in waves. The bilge keel of the ship model can be made of copper or iron with a thickness of 0.5 ~ 1 mm, and the bow column and stern column are installed at the head end and tail end of the hull respectively, and the lower part is connected with the keel. They can strengthen the hull to withstand wave impact and water pressure, as well as longitudinal collision and vibration when the propeller works.