Speech topic under the national flag: prevention of poisonous mushroom poisoning

Poisonous mushrooms contain alkaloids and other toxic substances, which are highly toxic and will damage the liver, kidney, heart and nervous system of human body. Even if a small amount is absorbed by the body, it is very dangerous. After eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake, poisoning symptoms usually appear after 1~2 hours, such as severe vomiting, abdominal pain, spasm, drooling, sudden laughter, trembling fingers or hallucinations.

Because the size, shape, color and pattern of poisonous mushrooms are varied, it is difficult to identify them without experience. Therefore, it is very dangerous to eat wild mushrooms at will, and poisoning incidents of eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake often occur. For example, Japan has an average of 500-600 people poisoned every year, Sweden has about 46 people poisoned every year, and the United States has more than 600 people poisoned every year.

There are many kinds of poisonous mushrooms in China, which are widely distributed and have been one of the causes of many food poisoning. Cases of eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake often occur in mountainous rural areas and towns, and there are reports of serious poisoning deaths almost every year. It is reported (Chen Zuohong et al., 2006) that in recent years, poisoning deaths due to eating poisonous mushrooms have occurred frequently in rural areas and towns in the vast mountainous areas of southern China. In 2005, there were 82 cases of poisonous mushroom poisoning in six provinces and cities such as Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing, with 7865438 people poisoned and 65438 people killed.

According to the food hygiene warning announcement issued by the Ministry of Health of China, there were many poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents in China in 2000. Incomplete statistics have caused 27 people to be poisoned, of which 16 people died. For a long time, people have been paying great attention to the identification of poisonous mushrooms. Relevant parties have done a lot of propaganda work on popular science knowledge, but it is not easy to identify poisonous mushrooms, so don't try unfamiliar fungi in the wild easily, and don't generalize. You must choose clearly or ask for practical experience.

If you feel unwell after eating fungi, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time. There are many methods to identify toxins circulating among the people at home and abroad, some of which are similar, such as delicious color or wart, terrible appearance, discoloration after injury, toxic when cooking silverware, garlic turning black and wick turning green, otherwise it is non-toxic.

However, experiments have proved that these are not the characteristics of * * *, and it is very dangerous to use these legends as the basis for identifying toxins. At present, the reliable method is to be familiar with and master the morphological characteristics and internal structure of fungi, use taxonomic knowledge and learn from local experience, and identify them carefully. You must never eat edible fungi casually, even if they are corrupt and over-mature, and even pay attention to which foods you should avoid eating with.

In case of mushroom poisoning, first aid measures should be taken immediately, such as vomiting, purging and taking antidote. And sent to the hospital for treatment in time. When symptoms of poisoning appear, don't delay the following rescue measures: ① Call an ambulance immediately and get to the scene; The most important thing in first aid is to let the poisoned person drink more warm water or light salt water, and then put his finger into his throat to induce vomiting, so as to reduce the absorption of toxins; ③ While waiting for the ambulance, it is best for patients to drink "sugar brine" containing a small amount of salt and edible sugar to replenish body fluids and prevent dehydration and weight loss due to repeated vomiting; (4) For patients who are already in a coma, do not force water into their mouth to prevent ventricular rest; ⑤ Cover undertaker with a blanket to keep warm.