Ask about the historical evolution of banma county in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province.

The historical evolution of banma county belonged to Qiang before the Tang Dynasty, Jimi State in the Tang Dynasty, Tubo regime later, Xuanwei Division of Duogan Temple in the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian regime in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and Golog State in the Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of Qinghai Province, it was successively assigned to Guoluo Administrative Supervision District and White Administrative Office. Banma county and Liguoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were established in 1955. In 2000, banma county administered 10 township, and the county seat was in Sailaitang (in Moba township). According to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the county is 22,088. Population (people) in each township: Dhaka Township 2404 Jika Township 18 14 Qin Zhi Township 1888 Makehe Township 1454 Duogongma Township 2045 Moba Township 1958 Jiangritang Township 2559 Yaertang Township 20/KL. 09 Sailaitang unpublished town 28342001March 5 Qinghai Provincial People's Government's approval document Han [200 1] 14: Moba Township was abolished, and Sailaitang Town was established and named (the government residence remained unchanged); Cancel Qianban Township and merge into Lighthouse Township. At the end of 200 1 year, banma county administered 1 town, 8 townships and 3 1 pastoral committee. Sailaitang Town, located in Jeddah, has three pastoral committees (Bannao, Dechang and Heke). Dhaka Township, located in Dora Changsongduo, has jurisdiction over four pastoral committees (Duoniang, Dong Zhong, Zuoluo and Lanmuqing). Jika Township in Kyrgyzstan should be our country, which has three pastoral committees (Dangwu, Magong and Mani). Lighthouse Township is located in Qingmuda, and has jurisdiction over six pastoral committees (Yaoshidao, Kepei, Gerize, Zhongzhi, Renqinggang and Sakamoto). Jiangritang Township is located in North Zagomba, and has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees (Garima, Dorima and A Qiang). Yaertang Township, located in Jumuka, governs three pastoral committees (Wangrou, Rihe Cave and Guomang). Qin Zhi Township, located in Chimida, has jurisdiction over three pastoral committees (Kaimai, Chigou and Qin Zhi). Makohe Township is located in Zeda, which governs three pastoral committees (Zeduo, Mallory and Zeda). Duogongma Township is located in Suohuatang and has jurisdiction over three pastoral committees (Madangwu, Zhangman and Duogongma). Banma county is located in the southeast of the state, bordering Sichuan Province in the east and south. It has a total area of 6,452 square kilometers and a total population of 20,000 (2004). Mainly Tibetans, accounting for more than 95% of the total population, as well as Han, Hui and Tu. Banma county governs 1 Town 8 townships: Sailaitang Township, Duogongma Township, Makehe Township, Jika Township, Dhaka Township, Qin Zhi Township, Jiangritang Township, Yaertang Township and Lighthouse Township. County People's Government is located in Sailaitang Town, 3 15km away from the state government's residence. Postal code: 8 14300. Code: 632622. Area code: 0975. Pinyin: Ban Ma Xian. Before the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Qiang, the Tang Dynasty belonged to Jimi State, and later it belonged to Tubo regime. Yuan belonged to Tubo and other Taoist ambassadors, to Duogan Temple ambassadors, to Heshuote Mongolian regime in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and to 100 households in Guoluoke in the Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of Qinghai Province, it was successively assigned to Guoluo Administrative Supervision District and White Administrative Office. Banma county and Liguoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were established in 1955. Located in the east of Qingnan Plateau, at the northeast foot of Bayan Kara, the terrain is low in the southeast and high in the northwest. The Kaier River and the Dok River flow through the east and west sides of the county from northwest to southeast, and are the famous sources of the Dadu River. It belongs to the continental semi-humid climate of plateau. The annual average temperature is 2.4℃, and the annual average precipitation is 638.4 mm. Key counties and experimental bases for economic development in the province. Located in the southeast of the state, it borders Sichuan Province in the east and south. The county seat is located in Moba Township (Sailaitang), 315km away from the seat of the state government. Population 1.9 million, mainly Tibetans, accounting for more than 95% of the total population, as well as Han, Hui and Tu. It covers an area of 6,376 square kilometers and governs 10 townships. Located in the east of Qingnan Plateau, at the northeast foot of Bayan Kara, the terrain is low in the southeast and high in the northwest. The Kaier River and the Dok River flow through the east and west sides of the county from northwest to southeast, and are the famous sources of the Dadu River. It belongs to the continental semi-humid climate of plateau. The annual average temperature is 2.4℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 28.65438 0℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is -29.7℃, and there is no absolute frost-free period. The average annual precipitation is 638.4 mm, and it is rich in natural resources. The main mineral deposit is placer gold, with natural forest10.3 million hectares. Industry focuses on gold mining and livestock product processing. Agriculture and animal husbandry, mainly animal husbandry. Animal husbandry mainly focuses on raising yaks and Tibetan sheep. Agriculture is mainly based on planting highland barley. The climatic conditions are relatively good. Compared with other counties in Guoluo, the average elevation of banma county is 4093 meters, which is lower than other counties in the state. Due to the low altitude, the largest virgin forest in the province, and the mountainous basin topography formed by Ren Yushan, a branch of Bayan Kara. , resulting in a unique "microclimate" in the county. The average annual temperature in the county is 2.4℃, and the climatic conditions are superior to other counties in the state. At the same time, the national average annual precipitation is 638 mm, the annual evaporation is 1, 28 1mm, and the annual precipitation is second only to jiuzhi county, ranking second in the province. Banma in summer and autumn, with green mountains and green waters, humid climate and particularly charming scenery. Therefore, banma county is also called "the south of the Yangtze River in Guoluo". Qing (Hai) Chuan (Chuan) Highway runs through the whole territory, north to Xining, the provincial capital, and south to Chengdu, Sichuan. There are ethnic middle schools and Tibetan middle schools in the county. Every township has one or two township boarding primary schools, and ethnic education has begun to take shape. There are hospitals, Tibetan hospitals, health and epidemic prevention stations in counties and health centers in townships, and endemic and infectious diseases are effectively controlled. 1936, the Red Army's Long March went to banma county, and the slogan written by the Red Army was still on the rocks of Zimudagou in Yaertang Township. Herdsmen renamed Zimudagou, where the Red Army passed, as "Red Army Ditch", and renamed the bridge where the Red Army passed as "Red Army Bridge", which has now become a memorial hall and tourist attraction of the Red Army. Zidamu Red Army Long March slogan and Red Army post in Zhaluo village, Yaltang township are listed as provincial cultural relics protection units. The jurisdiction area is small and the population is small. Banma county has a total area of 6,343 square kilometers, accounting for 9.56% of the total area of Quanzhou, which is the smallest county in China among the six counties in Quanzhou. Now it has jurisdiction over 8 townships 1 (towns), 32 administrative villages (pastoral committees) and 1 12 cooperatives. At the beginning of 2007, the county's total population was 6,588 households with 24 184 people, including 22,724 Tibetans, accounting for 94%. The population of farmers and herdsmen is 20365, accounting for 84.2%. Banma is the birthplace of "Sanguoluo" and the hometown of Tibetan people in Guoluo. As far as Guoluo is concerned, there are the most Tibetan Buddhist temples in banma county, and most of them have a long history and are unique. Tibetan Buddhist culture has a certain influence in Quanzhou. There are 23 Tibetan Buddhist temples in the county, which belong to Ma Ning School, Kagyu School and Juenang School. Banma is the place where the Red Army passed through the Long March. Up to now, the slogan "Going northward to respond to the national anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang struggle" written by the Red Army on the cliff at the mouth of Zimudagou in Yaltang Township is well preserved and vivid. Therefore, Zimu Dagou is also called "Red Army Gully". At present, "Red Army Valley" has become an important patriotic education base and one of the main red tourist attractions in the county. In 2005, banma county built the Red Tourism Exhibition Hall, becoming the second Red Tourism Memorial Hall in our province. On the basis of Hongjungou scenic spot, the county has added Hongjunquan, Lu Hongjun, Mu Hongjun and other scenic spots, laying a foundation for tourism to drive economic development. This county is rich in natural resources. There are four main categories: first, hydropower resources. The two "sister rivers" in the county, the Marco River and the Duoke River, run through the whole territory and belong to the tributaries of the Dadu River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The theoretical reserve of hydropower is 298,340 kilowatts, and the exploitable hydropower resources are174,890 kilowatts. The second is agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry resources. Banma is the only county in Quanzhou with complete resources of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. The largest virgin forest in the province, "Kyle River Forest Area", is located in Banma. The forest area of the county is 3.72 million mu, and the dominant tree species are spruce, cypress, birch and larch. At the same time, except Maqin County, only Banma has a smaller agricultural area. The existing cultivated land area is about 1. 1.0000 mu, mainly planting crops such as highland barley and wheat. The grassland area of the county is 8 1.78 million mu, of which the available grassland area is 6,504,900 mu. Yak is the main livestock. At the beginning of 2006, there were 290,223 heads (one horse) of all kinds of livestock. The third is wildlife resources. There are many kinds of wild animals in the county, including snow chickens, foxes, wolves, leopards, bears and deer. The national rare fish "Hucho taiwanensis" is produced in the Kyle River valley of this county, and a protection and rescue center for "Hucho taiwanensis" has been established. Fourth, Chinese and Tibetan medicine resources. There are mainly about 400 kinds of rhubarb, astragalus, Fritillaria, Gentiana macrophylla, Notopterygium, Cordyceps sinensis and so on. Among them, the total reserve of rhubarb is nearly 3000 tons, which is the highest in the whole state. Since the reform and opening up, especially since the country implemented the strategy of developing the western region in 2000, we have adhered to the reality of the county, firmly grasped the top priority of development, firmly established Scientific Outlook on Development, and deepened reform. According to the unified deployment and requirements of the state party Committee and the state government, we have successively implemented "animal husbandry stable county", "ecological county", "engineering county" and "science and education thriving county". According to statistics, in 2000, The total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry increased by 3% annually; The per capita income of farmers and herdsmen increased by 6.3% annually; The total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 3.5% annually; Accumulated investment in fixed assets189.92 million yuan; Great progress has also been made in education, health, family planning, culture, radio, television, communications and other social undertakings. At present, there are 25 medical and health institutions in the county, with health technicians 176. Various schools at all levels 15, with 25 students14, and the enrollment rate of school-age children reached 93.5%; With Sailaitang Town as the center, the transportation network radiating the whole county has basically taken shape, with a mileage of 750 kilometers. After several years of hard work, banma county has made certain achievements in various economic and social undertakings. These achievements have accumulated experience, laid a solid foundation and provided favorable conditions for the county's future reform, development and stability. In the future work, the county party committee and the county government should further base themselves on the situation of the county, and implement six key tasks (establishing the county by ecology, stabilizing the county by animal husbandry, strengthening the county by projects, governing the county by law, and rejuvenating the county by science and education) according to a task put forward by the county party committee, so as to achieve two key breakthroughs (a new breakthrough in urbanization construction and a new breakthrough in the development of the tertiary industry). Seize the opportunity, pay close attention to the project to lay the foundation, adjust the structure to grasp the ecology, earnestly do a good job in the construction of a new socialist pastoral area, and strive to promote the faster economic development of the county and the coordinated development of various social undertakings.