Children’s group information

The Anti-Japanese Children's League The Anti-Japanese Children's League is a children's organization established in the anti-Japanese base areas during the Anti-Japanese War.

Despite the arduous struggle against the enemy, anti-Japanese children's leagues were established everywhere in the vast anti-Japanese base areas, and children were included in the organization's care. Mao Zedong and Zhu De wrote many inscriptions to encourage children's league members.

The main tasks of the Children's League are study and production. It is also responsible for tasks such as "propaganda against Japan", "reconnaissance of the enemy's situation and catching traitors", and "standing sentry to deliver letters".

In the Hundred Regiments War, the Wangjiayu Children's Corps helped the Eighth Route Army cut grass, feed their horses, and deliver dry food to the front line; the Children's Corps of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region destroyed the Japanese army's transportation lines nearly a hundred times, containing the enemy's attacks and raids. Strongly supported the Anti-Japanese War.

The establishment of the Children's League not only brought fun and hope to children's lives, but also strengthened the anti-Japanese team, made great contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and trained a large number of outstanding revolutionary successors.

Among them, the most active and outstanding ones are the Children's Corps of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region. They stand guard, catch traitors, and send intelligence. They use their young age and unnoticed characteristics to go deep behind enemy lines and complete their tasks brilliantly. . In the Shanxi and Hebei areas, there is still a story about the young cattle herding hero Wang Erxiao who introduced the Japanese into the Eighth Route Army encirclement. The Anti-Japanese Children's League of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region also carried out the "Five Nos Movement": do not lead the way for the enemy; do not send messages to the enemy; do not eat the enemy's candy; do not read the enemy's books; and do not tell the enemy where the food is stored.

As early as June 26, 1938, Comrade Mao Zedong taught in his inscription for "Children of the Border Area" (a semi-daily publication): "Children, get up and learn to be free and liberated Chinese citizens, and learn to learn from Japan The method of fighting for freedom and liberation under imperialist oppression and turning yourself into the master of the new era." On the "April 4th" Children's Day in 1942, he wrote an inscription for "Liberation Daily": "Children unite and learn to be the new leader of New China. Master."

Comrade Zhu De pointed out in his inscription for the Wangjiayu Children's Group in Wuxiang County, southeastern Shanxi: "Struggle and learning are indispensable."

Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Chen Yi and other leading comrades also gave many important instructions for the work of the Xin'an Tour Group and the Children's Theater respectively. These inscriptions and instructions had an important impact on the development of the children's movement during the Anti-Japanese War and were the Party's guidelines for guiding the work of children and adolescents during this period.

Under the leadership of the Party, anti-Japanese children's leagues were established in the vast anti-Japanese base areas. Youth organizations such as the Youth Anti-Japanese National Salvation Federation and the Chinese National Anti-Japanese Vanguard were entrusted by the party to directly lead the anti-Japanese children's leagues and other children. organization's work. In October 1938, the Second Congress of the Northwest Youth Rescue Association adopted the organizational charter of the Anti-Japanese Children’s League. The League's constitution stipulates that the purpose of establishing the Children's League is: 1. To unite little brothers and sisters from all over China (Northwest and North China) to form good friends; 2. To study, work and play together; 3. To participate in the work of saving the country. Children and adolescents aged 7 to 14 can participate. Its tasks are: 1. Promote the fight against Japan; 2. Scout the enemy and catch traitors; 3. Stand guard and deliver letters; 4. Respect the anti-Japanese war officers and soldiers; 5. Help the anti-war subordinates to do their work; 6. Learn and produce without stopping. The etiquette is to raise the five fingers of the right hand in line with the forehead. The five fingers represent: Children of the five major ethnic groups in China unite to defeat the Japanese invaders and traitors. The slogan is: Always be prepared! Children from all over Northwest and North China have joined the Children's League and actively participated in the struggle against Japan and national salvation. On this basis, in February 1940, the Chinese National Liberation Vanguard and the Northwest Youth National Salvation Federation made a resolution on commemorating the "April 4th" Children's Day and carrying out children's work, proposing: "Help existing children's groups "It also "particularly recommended that the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Youth Rescue Association and the Youth Rescue Associations in North China should strengthen their leadership in children's work." The Children’s Department (Section) will be set up with specialized cadres to lead and manage children’s work.” The resolution also pointed out: “We must carry out children’s work in guerrilla zones and enemy-occupied areas in a proactive, positive and patient spirit, and we must be good at it. Use various flexible methods to expose the enslaving education and anti-Japanese education of the enemy and traitors, and strive to prevent children from being fooled by anesthesia.

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Under the influence of the decision of the Democratic Pioneer Corps to rescue young people in the West, children’s work in many places has been further developed. The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Youth Rescue Association and the border region government held the annual "Four? Four" Children On March 21, 1940, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Youth Rescue Association issued a publicity outline to commemorate the "April Fourth" Children's Day, which fully affirmed. In the past three years, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Anti-Japanese Children's League has made achievements in resisting Japan, saving the nation, and cultivating children. It proposed: actively participating in various activities such as standing guard and participating in anti-Japanese resistance, participating in spring plowing, establishing children's forests, children's vegetable gardens, and other competent work; widely carrying out Cultural and entertainment activities, establishing children's theater troupes, singing teams, and Yangko dance teams; actively fighting to improve lives, opposing early marriage and the child bride system, and improving the working conditions of child labor; mobilizing all children to enroll in school, and not leaving a single child out of school. Mission. The life of the Children's League in the Border Region became more active.

Children's League organizations were established in various anti-Japanese base areas not only in the northwest and North China, and continued to grow during the struggle. In 1940, there were 7 children in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. There are 180,000 Children's League members in the Northern Jiangsu Liberated Area and 600,000 Children's League members in the North China Anti-Japanese Base Areas. Thousands of Children's League members are also active in other vast anti-Japanese base areas. They are the core of uniting young children to participate in the resistance against Japan. . In terms of the organizational construction of the Children's League, many base areas have formulated league constitutions, such as the "Organizational Charter of the Northwest Anti-Japanese Children's League" (1938), "Organizational Charter of the Shanxi Anti-Japanese Children's League" (1940). "Yanfu District Children's League Chapter" (1943), "Shandong Laiyang County Children's League Chapter" (1944), etc.

When the Anti-Japanese War was getting closer to victory, the struggle became more and more difficult, and the party and The anti-Japanese democratic government also paid more attention to and supported children's work. In March 1945, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Administrative Committee and the Anti-Japanese Federation of all walks of life put forward the instructions for children's work in the entire border region in welcoming and commemorating the "April 4th" Children's Day. Five major tasks: 1. Organize and mobilize all children and adolescents to actively help with family labor and integrate production and learning; 2. Strengthen education on national integrity and universally carry out the "Five No Movements"; 3. Carry out cultural and entertainment work and conduct appropriate activities Military physical training; 4. Oppose the remnants of feudal bondage and abuse; 5. Strengthen school education and anti-Japanese propaganda work in guerrilla zones.

On April 4, 1945, the Yanfu Administrative Office issued the "About the Care and Support of Children." The Decision of the Children's League. The decision stated: "The Children's League is a fighting group for children seeking liberation. We must support it and provide necessary assistance. They are excellent assistants in breaking down superstition, promoting health, and spreading culture; they are little warriors who oppose old ethics, old habits, and all the evil forces that oppress them. In the struggle for national liberation, they also made many great achievements that shocked the world and made people cry. Therefore, the village government should do everything possible to help the children's league carry out children's work, and the county and district governments should provide children with strong guidance and support in all aspects to develop and consolidate it. ”

These resolutions and instructions of the party and government agencies were important conditions for the in-depth development of the children’s movement during the Anti-Japanese War.

In addition to the anti-Japanese base areas, children in the vast occupied areas and the rear areas , under the leadership of the party, have also organized and carried out activities. They are also an important force in promoting anti-Japanese and fighting for democracy.

The work of children and adolescents in this revolutionary historical period is closely related to the second time. Compared with the period of the Civil Revolutionary War, both the organizational form and scale of the organization and the breadth of activities have developed greatly. However, due to the war situation, the Children's League organization was still unable to establish a national organizational leadership system. They only carried out their work under the leadership of the Party and the Youth Rescue Association in the anti-Japanese base areas. Therefore, the names of children's organizations during this period also had local flavor; such as Yan'an Children's League, Jidong Children's League, North Jiangsu Children's League, etc. According to incomplete statistics, In April 1945, on the eve of the end of the Anti-Japanese War, children's leagues, or revolutionary children's organizations with similar names, were basically established in the 19 larger anti-Japanese base areas across the country.

The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region is the seat of the Party Central Committee. There are children's league organizations everywhere from cities to villages. The more than 70,000 children's league members include almost all children in the border region. In their own organizations, they hold meetings to discuss current affairs and situations, conduct military drills, sing, play ball, and play games, and grow up healthily; they stand guard, defend the border areas, support the military and their families, and carry out condolence activities; they participate in labor within their ability, and participate in the bustle of the war. Production movement; organizing literacy groups and actively eradicating illiteracy. The children's labor force team in Yanchuan County and the Yang Mingchun literacy team of the second complete primary school in Fu County have made outstanding achievements in productive labor and eradicating illiteracy, and have been commended and rewarded by the border district government. The members of the Children's League made a small contribution to the defense and construction of the border area and the fight against Japan and national salvation.

Children's Leagues were generally established in the base areas of North China and northwestern Shanxi. By April 1941, the number of Children's League members had grown to more than 60,000. They participated in anti-Japanese war service work; cultural propaganda work; and organizing people to go to winter. He has played a very good role in leading children's extracurricular activities. The Shanxi Children's Camp, with more than 300 children participating, used singing and acting to raise donations and donated a "China Children" aircraft; they also used singing and acting to promote anti-Japanese songs that spread throughout the Luliang Mountains.

The Wangjiayu Children's Corps in Wuxiang County, where the headquarters of the Southeast Shanxi Eighth Route Army is located, has done an outstanding job under the care of the headquarters and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De. During the Hundred Regiment War, they cut grass to feed the troops and horses, delivered dry food to the front line, and collected scrap copper and iron and bullet casings for the arsenal. During the anti-mopping up campaign, they wrote slogans for propaganda, cared for the wounded of the Eighth Route Army, etc., and did a lot of work within their capabilities. In order to cover the Eighth Route Army headquarters and ammunition depot, several children's league members died heroically under Japanese bayonets. On the Children's Day of April 4, 1939, the Wangjiayu Children's Troupe was officially named the "Zhu De Children's Troupe".

The Children's League in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region (called the Boy Scouts for a period of time) generally carried out activities such as standing guard, sending intelligence, and catching traitors. More than 500 children's league members in Quyang and Zhengding organized to disrupt the enemy's traffic. The main line was attacked nearly a hundred times, which contained the enemy's attacks and raids and effectively supported the Anti-Japanese War. The "Five No" campaign carried out by children in the entire border area (1. Do not go to Japanese school; do not read Japanese books; 2. Do not listen to the Japanese, do not participate in Japanese meetings; 3. Do not eat Japanese candy, do not want Japanese things; 4. Do not tell the Japanese) Tell the truth and don’t lead the way for the Japanese; 5. Don’t be deceived by the Japanese and don’t join the Japanese Youth League). had a profound impact on children. Many children's league members fought bravely against the enemy in order to abide by the five oaths, and some even sacrificed their precious lives.

The children's league work in the northern Jiangsu base area is also carried out very well. In Yanfu District alone, where the headquarters of the New Fourth Army is located, 135,500 children were organized to participate in the Children's League, a Children's League chapter was issued, and the Children's League Headquarters was established (draft), making the organizational system of the children's League in the district more complete. In May 1945, the district's children's congress was held, at which the seal of the Yanfu District Children's League was adopted and the district's leading organization for the children's league, the Yanfu District Children's League headquarters, was elected. This conference played an important role in promoting the in-depth and extensive development of children's work in northern Jiangsu at that time. Children's groups and other children's organizations were also active in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines in central Jiangsu and in the guerrilla zones in southern Jiangsu.

In the occupied areas of Northeast China, work with children is equally active. In the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces, there was the "Young Iron Blood Team" organized by General Yang Jingyu himself. They sang, acted, conducted reconnaissance, delivered letters, nursed the wounded, and sometimes directly participated in battles.

In the mainland and along the coast, there are the "Xin'an Tour Troupe", "Children's Theater Troupe", "Ningxia Youth Field Service Troupe", "Xiamen Children's National Salvation Troupe", "Guangzhou Youth Anti-Enemy Troupe", which use literature and art as combat weapons. Under the leadership of the party, with great patriotic enthusiasm, they overcame many difficulties and did a lot of anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda work.

In addition, under the leadership of the party, the work of children in need in Shanghai, the work of newsboys in Chongqing, and the child care work in Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou and other places also made great contributions to the anti-Japanese national salvation movement and the training of children. contributed.

Some children's groups also went overseas to carry out anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda, fund-raising, condolences and other activities, and received warm welcome and strong support from people from all walks of life and patriotic overseas Chinese.

The eight-year war of resistance united and educated the people of the country, while also cultivating a new generation of Chinese little masters. Under the leadership of the party, the vast number of young children across the country have made indelible contributions to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. There have been many heroic and heroic struggles, and a large number of young heroes have emerged who deserve to be remembered and praised forever. The exemplary deeds of heroes such as Wang Pu, Li Aimin, Li Keyuan, Niu Guocai, and Wen Sanyu will always be praised by people.