What are the knowledge of site safety management?

The construction site needs a lot of people to manage, but most people don't know how to manage the safety of the construction site. The following is a careful recommendation for you on site safety management knowledge, hoping to help you.

knowledge of site safety management

I. responsibility system for safety in production

The so-called responsibility system for safety in production is to clarify the safety responsibilities of leaders at all levels and all kinds of personnel in production activities in the form of systems, which is the most basic system in enterprise safety management and the core of all safety rules and regulations. It mainly includes the following three aspects:

1. Safety responsibilities of leaders at all levels of the enterprise

As our construction enterprise, it includes the safety production responsibility system of enterprise legal person, manager in charge, chief engineer, project manager, construction team leader, safety officer and other management personnel.

2. Safety production responsibilities of all relevant functional departments of an enterprise

It includes production departments, technical departments, machinery and equipment departments, materials departments, etc. All functional departments are responsible for their own safety production within their respective responsibilities.

3. Safety responsibilities of front-line workers

It includes safety production rules and regulations of various types of work: bricklayer, carpenter, steel bar worker, scaffolder, welder, electrician, rigger, etc.

The project manager on the construction site is the first person in charge of project safety production, and takes overall leadership responsibility for project safety production.

after establishing and perfecting the above-mentioned safety production responsibility system, it is necessary to implement the responsibility to specific personnel and conduct regular target assessment for the previous stage.

second, whether there is a complete safety production and construction organization design scheme on the construction site, and the main contents that must be clearly defined in the scheme.

1. General design of safety production and construction organization

Without a complete safety production and construction organization design as a guide, it is impossible to do safety production work just by thinking about where to go. Before the project starts, the safety production technology department should formulate a feasible safety construction organization design according to the actual situation of the project, combined with the specific influencing factors such as hydrology, geology, meteorology, climate and seasonal changes on the construction site, and put it into practice only after it is approved by the technical director of the unit. During the construction process, it should also make corresponding adjustments and improvements in time according to the special conditions of the project. In addition, for large-scale group projects or key projects with complex structures, special safety construction organization design should be prepared separately for the projects with strong professionalism, mainly including deep foundation pit support, scaffolding projects with high clearance, formwork support, lifting and hoisting operations, etc., and strict supervision should be made according to the design in the implementation process to prevent accidents. In 2, the roof of the studio hall of Nanjing TV Station was taken lightly by the project manager because of the imprecise organization design of safety production and construction, which eventually led to the instability of formwork support and the collapse when pouring concrete, resulting in a serious safety accident.

2. disclosure of engineering safety technical measures

before the project starts, the project engineer shall make safety technical disclosure of the specific conditions of the project, the construction methods and safety technical measures of partial projects to the project leaders, foremen and employees participating in the construction. Before the commencement of each sectional project, the project engineer must make safety technical disclosure of individual projects, and the safety disclosure shall be recorded in the account, with the signatures and disclosure dates of both parties.

3. Pre-job training and education for all construction personnel

All personnel participating in the construction must receive three-level safety education before taking up their posts, and special operations personnel must be trained and qualified by competent departments before taking up their posts with certificates.

with the above software assurance measures, in view of the key points of safe production in construction projects, the safety production supervision and management personnel must focus on the following hardware aspects: whether the erection of scaffolding meets the requirements of specifications, whether the temporary electricity consumption on site is safe and reliable, whether all kinds of construction machinery and equipment are sensitive and effective, the use of three safety treasures, whether the four ports and five borders are properly protected, and if the above measures are implemented, the four major injury accidents in construction industry can be effectively prevented (falling from high altitude, falling from high altitude, etc.

III. Scaffolding Project

Scaffolding requirements:

1. Poles

Except the top floor can be overlapped, all other joints must be connected by butt fasteners, which should be arranged crosswise. Adjacent stud joints should not be located in the same synchronous span, and the staggered distance should not be less than 5MM. The overlapping length of the stud should not be less than 1M, and not less than two fasteners should be fixed. It is advisable that the transverse distance of the vertical pole is between 1.5 and 1.3m, and the longitudinal distance is between 1.5 and 1.8m..

2. Horizontal bar (main bar)

The longitudinal horizontal bar should be set inside the vertical bar, and its length should not be less than 3 spans, and it can be overlapped or butted. When overlapping, the overlapping length should not be less than 1M, and three rotating fasteners should be set at equal intervals to fix it. When butting, the joint should not be set in the same synchronous span, and the horizontal bar (small bar) should be set at the lower side of the longitudinal horizontal bar, and the horizontal bar must be set at the main node.

3. Scissors

It is advisable that the width of each bracing span the upright post should be 5-7, and it should not be less than 6 meters. The inclination angle between the diagonal and the ground is between 45 degrees and 6 degrees. The outer side of the scaffold must be provided with a bracing at each end, and the clear distance between the bracing in the middle should not be greater than 15M. The diagonal bracing should be overlapped, and the length should not be less than 1M. It should be fixed with at least two rotating fasteners. Scissors must be used.

4. Transverse braces

Scaffolding transverse braces with a height of more than 24M should be set at least once every 6 spans, and one at both ends must be set. In the same section, they are set continuously in zigzag from bottom to top.

5. Wall-connected parts

Scaffolding wall-connected parts are an important guarantee to prevent scaffold instability, and it can adopt flexible Rachel and rigid Rachel. Flexible Rachel is to embed a steel ring in the building structure, use a small bar to stand against the wall, and tie the steel bar around the vertical bar and the steel ring near the intersection of the vertical bar and the small bar to form a support and a Rachel. The lacing should be twisted into one strand with a steel wire of more than 4MM, with no less than 2 strands of tension and flexible connection. Rigid Rachel: Generally, rigid connecting rods composed of steel pipes and fasteners are adopted. On humanly scaled openings or concrete columns, steel pipes and fasteners are used for Rachel. The number of fasteners should not be less than 2. The coverage area of each wall piece should be less than 4M2, and the vertical spacing should be within 3 steps, and the horizontal spacing should be within 3 vertical intervals.

6. Requirements for scaffolding laying

Scaffolding should be spread all over the construction operation floor, and boards and bamboo boards can be used. Both ends of scaffolding are fixed with horizontal rails, and the joint length should not be greater than 15 mm.

iv. Temporary electricity consumption on site

Electric shock casualties are one of the four major injuries in the construction industry, so the safety of electricity consumption on the construction site is related to the life and death of every construction enterprise.

according to the standard "technical specification for safety of temporary electricity use on construction site" (JGJ46-88) issued by the Ministry of construction, it is required that the construction organization design of temporary electricity use should be prepared on the construction site, which should include: determining the power supply incoming line, setting and line direction of distribution room, main distribution box and distribution box, selecting transformer capacity, conductor section and specifications and types of electrical appliances, drawing electrical appliances plan and wiring system diagram, and formulating safe electricity use.

1. External protection

A safe operating distance must be kept between the outer edge of the construction site and the external overhead line, which is below 1KV, 4M, 1-1KV 6M and 35KV-11KV 8M.

the minimum horizontal distance between any part of the tower crane and the overhead line below 1KV shall not be less than 2M.

2. grounding and zero protection

grounding: electrical equipment is connected with grounding body by grounding wire, which is called grounding.

zero connection: the connection between electrical equipment and neutral line is called zero connection.

grounding is divided into working grounding, protective grounding and repeated grounding.

protective grounding: the metal shell of electrical equipment and the metal frame of mechanical equipment are grounded.

working zero line: the zero line connected by electrical equipment for operation needs, which is called working zero line.

protective zero line: the wire led from the zero line of working grounding or distribution room or the zero line of the power supply side of the first-stage leakage protector, which is specially used to connect the normally uncharged conductive part of electrical equipment, is called special protective zero line.

the wiring system with the protective zero line and the working zero line separated is called TN-S system.

(JGJ46-88) "technical specification for temporary electricity safety in construction site" requires that TN-S zero connection system, namely tn-s system, must be adopted in the construction site to distinguish the working zero line from the protection zero line.

Functions and requirements of the three-phase five-wire system:

1. To prevent the TN-C three-phase four-wire from being electrified due to the use of the working zero line, resulting in an electric shock accident.

2. Prevention of mixed connection: PE yellow/green two-color special line is specially connected to the protective zero line of the equipment shell and electric box, and is not allowed to be used as working zero line and phase line.

Erection requirements:

(1) It is forbidden to pass through any switch and fuse to protect the zero line.

(2) As a special line for zero protection, the protective zero line can't be used for other purposes, and the cable must use a five-core cable.

(3) The protective zero wire shall not be electrically connected with the working zero wire anywhere except from the working ground wire (transformer) or the zero wire on the power supply side of the main distribution box.

(4) repeated grounding must be on the protection zero line, and the working zero line cannot be added with repeated grounding.

(5) In addition to the general distribution box, the protective zero line must be repeatedly grounded at the middle and end of the distribution line.

Common faults of tn-s wiring system:

(1) sloppy grounding

(2) mixed grounding

(3) no five-core wire

(4) insufficient attention to grounding resistance test

3. Three-level distribution, Two-level protection

Three-level power distribution: the main distribution box, distribution box, switch box, power distribution and lighting distribution should be provided with

two-level protection respectively: the distribution box and switch box must be protected by leakage protection switches, and the electrical equipment of the main distribution box should be equipped with main disconnector and shunt disconnector, main fuse and shunt fuse (or automatic switch and shunt switch), and voltmeter and ammeter should also be installed.

electrical configuration of distribution box: if the main distribution box is equipped with leakage protection devices, the distribution box must be equipped with leakage protection devices, and the distribution box should be equipped with disconnectors and fuses.

switch box configuration: each electrical equipment should have its own dedicated distribution box, and the system of one machine, one box, one leakage protection and one brake must be implemented. It is forbidden to control two or more electrical equipment (including sockets) with the same switch box.

V. Construction machinery and equipment:

1. Tower crane

Focus on the inspection report of the crane, and check all kinds of restrictions, limiting devices and safety devices on site, and the operation and safety of the tower crane.

2. Gantry

Focus on checking whether the installation of the gantry is stable and reliable, whether the limit safety device is complete and effective, whether the braking is sensitive and reliable, whether the broken rope protection is effective, whether the cable wind rope must be anchored reliably with a steel wire rope of more than 9MM, whether the hanging basket has a safety door and a side baffle, whether the protection of the floor discharging platform is tight, and whether the lightning rod and grounding are reliable.

3. Small and medium-sized machines and tools

Focus on checking whether all kinds of protective devices are complete and effective, the running status of transmission parts, whether there is grounding, zero protection and so on.

6. Safety? Three treasures, four mouths and five borders? Protection

You must wear safety helmet correctly when entering the construction site

The function of safety net is to prevent people and objects from falling, or to avoid falling and objects from hitting. Safety net is divided into flat net, vertical net and dense mesh safety net. At present, dense mesh safety net is widely used in Dongtai area. The standard of dense mesh safety net is: there are more than 2, meshes in an area of 1 square centimeters. 48MM steel pipe can not be penetrated when it falls freely at a height of 3 meters.

The use of safety belts should prevent the personnel working at height from falling and being injured. When using them, they should be hung high and used low. It is not allowed to tie the rope, nor should the hook be hung directly on the rope, but should be hung on the connecting ring.

edge protection of portal: portal, stairway, elevator wellhead and derrick passage

edge protection: the working face without enclosure facilities at the edge of the construction site is called edge protection, which mainly includes stair edge, floor edge, roof, balcony edge, material platform edge, platform pick-up edge and cornice edge.

eye-catching protective railings shall be set at the mouth of the cave and near the edge, which are composed of upper and lower cross bars and balustrades. The height of the upper bar is 1.-1.2m from the ground, and the height of the lower bar is .5-.6m.. Basic knowledge of site identification

1. Signs are set in the meeting room or the main access point of the construction site.

2. The signboard is made of aluminum-plastic plate, with outdoor car stickers on the surface and 3mm stainless steel wrapping around it.

3. Sign width x height =15x9.

4. The main opening hanging on the site is made of aluminum-plastic plate, the surface layer is made of outdoor car stickers, and the periphery is made of 3mm stainless steel.

5. The signboard is written in black on a white background. Slogan on site

1. Dare to leap and pursue Excellence.

2. be pragmatic, pioneering and innovative, honest and law-abiding, united and dedicated.

3. development-oriented, efficiency first, giving back to employees and contributing to society.

4. I am proud of the bureau, ashamed of the bureau, strong in the bureau, and weak in the bureau.

5. Be dedicated and love their posts, abide by rules and discipline, be honest and trustworthy, and provide excellent service.

6. Qi Xin will work together, help each other in the same boat, unite as one, and create brilliance.

7. People-oriented, excellent corporate culture, keeping pace with the times, and creating the brilliance of China Railway.

8. Pay attention to contracts and keep promises, maintain the good reputation of enterprises, focus on scientific management and shape the new image of the group.

9. Do a project, build a monument, broadcast a good name and make friends with one side.

1. Love my company and develop my enterprise.

11. unite and work hard to revitalize the enterprise.

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