Dali landscape composition

The Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple in Dali are 14 kilometers away from Xiaguan and 1.5 kilometers north of Dali at the foot of Yingle Peak in Cangshan Mountain. It is backed by Cangshan Mountain and faces the Erhai Lake. The Three Pagodas are composed of three pagodas, one large, two small and three small. , standing in a tripartite state, looking from a distance, majestic and majestic, is one of the scenic spots in Cang'er.

"The three pagodas are the landmark of the resort, and the pagodas are secretly crafted by ghosts." The main pagoda of the three pagodas is called Qianxun Pagoda. It is 69.13 meters high and is a square 16-story dense-eaves pagoda. It is the same as the Big and Small Wild Goose Pagodas in Xi'an. Typical architecture of the Tang Dynasty. Looking up from the bottom of the tower, I saw the tower standing in the clouds. The clouds moved and the tower stood there, seeming to be on the verge of toppling.

The base of the tower is square and divided into two floors. The lower floor is 33.5 meters long and surrounded by stone railings with stone lions carved on the four corners of the columns. The upper floor is 21 meters long and has a stone in the middle of the east side. On the screen wall, there are four characters "Yongzhen Shanchuan" inscribed by Mu Shijie, a descendant of Mu Ying, the Duke of Guizhou, which is solemn, majestic and impressive. Behind the screen wall is the "Reconstruction of the Three Pagodas" written by the Provincial People's Government. The first floor of the tower is 13.45 meters high, which is the highest level in the entire tower. The east tower door is 2 meters away from the base plane, and the west tower door is nearly 6 meters away. The tower wall is 3.3 meters thick. The structures of floors 2 to 15 are basically the same and similar in size. The 16th floor is the top of the tower. Taking the second floor as an example, it is about 2 meters high and 10 meters wide. The upper part is built with stacked eaves. For 17 layers of bricks, the protrusion of each layer ranges from 0.05 to 0.07 meters. The four corners of the eaves are upturned. There are Buddhist niches in the middle of the east and west sides of the pagoda, with a Buddha statue inside. There are also pavilion-style niches on both sides of the niche, a lotus seat, a verandah-style roof, and a Sanskrit engraved sutra embedded in the middle. On the north and south sides, there is a coupon-shaped window in the middle, which leads directly to the center of the tower. On the third floor, there are Buddhist niches in the north and south, and window openings in the east and west. The above layers alternate in sequence. The tower body shrinks as it goes up. The top of the tower is 8 meters high, which is about one-seventh of the tower body. The towering pagoda gives people a feeling of transcending the world and breaking through the sky. At the top is a gourd-shaped treasure vase made of copper. Under the bottle is an octagonal treasure lid with wings spread out at the four corners, and there are wind picks. On the four corners of the top of the tower, there were originally golden roc birds. According to legend, "the dragon nature respects the tower and fears the roc. Dali used to be a dragon lake, so it was used as a town." The golden roc no longer exists, and only the golden roc bird's feet remained before the restoration. Qianxun Tower is hollow and has a simple wooden ladder that can reach the top of the tower.

To the west of Qianxun Tower, about 70 meters apart, there are two small towers in the north and south. They are octagonal 10-level brick towers with dense eaves, each 42.19 meters high. There are Buddha statues, lotus flowers, The reliefs such as vases have different layers. The first to eighth floors are hollow straight walls with crosses inside. The base is also octagonal. The two small towers are 97 meters apart.

The three towers form a tripod

with unified layout, harmonious shape and seamless integration.

The three pagodas of Chongsheng Temple are neatly laid out, well-preserved, and their appearance is coordinated with each other. The big pagoda leads the two small pagodas, highlighting its main position and at the same time setting off the exquisiteness and elegance of the small pagoda; the small pagoda follows the big pagoda, setting off the tallness and majesty of the big pagoda. The three towers complement each other with Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake in the distance, embellishing the historical charm of the ancient city of Dali.

It is said that the three pagodas were built during the Baohe period of Nanzhao. There was originally a large-scale Chongsheng Temple next to the three pagodas. According to historical records such as "Unofficial History of Nanzhao" and "Zigu Tongji", the temple is 7 miles in diameter and was built in Fengyou, the tenth master of Nanzhao, from the tenth year of Baohe to the first year of Tianqi (834 to 840 AD). After thousands of years of vicissitudes and wind and rain erosion, Chongsheng Temple was finally destroyed in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, and now only three pagodas remain. In recent years, more than 600 important cultural relics from the Nanzhao and Dali periods have been discovered on the top of the tower.

It was not easy to build such a majestic ancient pagoda more than a thousand years ago. According to legend, the method of building a layer of pagoda and managing a layer of soil was adopted. The soil slope on which the pagoda was built was as far as ten miles away. During the repair and reinforcement of the Three Pagodas in 1979, more than 600 pieces of scriptures, scripture scrolls, bronze mirrors, gold, silver, wood, crystal and other Buddha statues, as well as various medicinal materials were found in Qianxun Pagoda. Dali is of great value. The Three Pagodas and their unearthed cultural relics provide important physical data for the study of the history, religion, and art of Nanzhao and Dali. The Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple are symbols of Bai culture in Dali and have a high reputation. They are among the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country and are important attractions in Dali Scenic Area. The Three Pagodas Museum and Tang Jianji Bronze Bell in the temple can be visited. There are also various marble, tie-dye and other folk craft workshops and stalls, forming a "marble street" with national characteristics, adding interest to the Three Pagodas tourist attractions. To the south is the famous "Three Towers Reflection Park", where people can take photos as a souvenir. At night, lighting equipment is added to the Three Towers, making the Three Towers even more bizarre, allowing people to take a night tour.

It was not easy to build such a majestic ancient pagoda more than a thousand years ago. According to legend, the method of building a layer of pagoda and managing a layer of soil was adopted. The soil slope on which the pagoda was built was as far as ten miles away. During the repair and reinforcement of the Three Pagodas in 1979, sutras, scrolls, bronze mirrors, gold, silver, wood, crystal and other Buddha statues, and various medicinal materials were discovered in Qianxun Pagoda*** There are more than 600 pieces, which are of great value to the study of ancient Dali. The Three Pagodas and their unearthed cultural relics provide important physical data for the study of the history, religion, and art of Nanzhao and Dali. The Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple are symbols of Bai culture in Dali and have a high reputation. They are among the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in the country and are important attractions in Dali Scenic Area. The Three Pagodas Museum and Tang Jianji Bronze Bell in the temple can be visited. There are also various marble, tie-dye and other folk craft workshops and stalls, forming a "marble street" with national characteristics, adding interest to the Three Pagodas tourist attractions. To the south is the famous "Three Towers Reflection Park", where people can take photos as a souvenir. At night, lighting equipment is added to the Three Towers, making the Three Towers even more bizarre, allowing people to take a night tour.

Beside the Three Pagodas, there was the original large-scale Chongsheng Temple. According to historical records such as "Unofficial History of Nanzhao" (Hu Ben and Wang Ben) and "Bai Gu Tong Ji", the temple is 7 miles in diameter. The holy monk Li Chengmei built three pagodas, 890 houses, 11,400 Buddhas, and 40,590 kilograms of copper. From the 10th year of Nanzhao's Tenth Lord Fenghu Baohe to the first year of Tianqi (AD 834-840), more than 708,000 labors were spent, and gold, silver, cloth, silk, brocade and satin worth 43,514 kilograms of gold were consumed.

After the completion of Chongsheng Temple and the Three Pagodas, the temple was well preserved. During the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty, there was an "imperial edict" to confer Shi Juexing as the abbot monk, protect the temple property, and exempt him from food taxes. It was also repaired in the Yuan Dynasty, so that "the palace verandas were revived, with three towers standing upright, golden and green, and as beautiful as the mountains (equal)". In the Ming Dynasty, Li Yuanyang rebuilt it and it also had "three pavilions, seven floors, nine halls and one hundred buildings". At that time, there were five treasures in the temple: three pagodas, a giant bell, a bronze Guanyin, a stele of songs for enlightenment, and a plaque of the Buddha's capital. When Xu Xiake arrived in Dali, he still saw "three pagodas standing in front of Chongsheng Temple...there are towering pines on all sides. Entering from the mountain gate to the west, there is a bell tower facing the three pagodas, which is extremely majestic." Behind the building is the main hall. It is called "Yuzhu Guanyin Hall, a standing statue made of bronze, three feet high" ("Xu Xiake's Travels in Yunnan Travel Diary 8"). It is said that the bell in the temple was built in the "twelfth year of Jianji" (AD 871). "It is more than ten feet in diameter and as thick as a foot" and "its sound can be heard for eighty miles." "The shadows of the three pagodas in the eternal clouds, the bells on the first floor of the wind and rain in the sky" have always been popular among people. The Rain Bronze Guanyin is solemn and beautiful, with a thin waist and bare feet, and exquisite shape. It is a relic of Nanzhao. However, the world has gone through vicissitudes, the giant bell has been destroyed in the Qing Dynasty, the rain-copper Guanyin was destroyed in ten years of turmoil, the stele of the Taoist song and the Buddhist plaque, together with the temple, no longer exist.

For more than a thousand years since its construction, the Three Pagodas have weathered many storms and withstood many strong earthquakes in history. Historical records: In the ninth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1514), there was a major earthquake. The Qianxun Tower was "cracked by about two feet and shaped like a broken bamboo", and then "reconstructed in ten days". In the 1925 earthquake, the top of the tower fell and became more damaged. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party and the People's Government attached great importance to the protection of cultural relics. In 1961, the Three Pagodas were listed as national cultural relics protection units. In 1977, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the three towers were carefully repaired. It is worth noting that during the repair process, more than 600 cultural relics such as Buddhist statues and manuscripts of Buddhist scriptures from the Nanzhao and Dali periods were found on the top and base of the Qianxun Pagoda. This is the richest and most important batch of cultural relics from the Nanzhao and Dali Kingdoms discovered so far. One of the gold statues weighs 1135 grams and is 0.24 meters high. In addition, there are engraved copper plates, Buddhist scriptures, various bronze mirrors, and various medicines, such as cinnabar, sandstone, sandalwood, velvet antler, coral, mica, etc. The three towers are like three giant pens, which embellish the ancient city even more magnificently and add a lot of luster to the scenery of Cang'er. The Three Pagodas have always been a symbol of Dali and are a group of brick towers with different styles. The main tower, Qianxun Pagoda, is a typical Tang Dynasty 16-story hollow brick tower with a square shape and a dense eaves. It is 69.13 meters high and was built roughly in the late Tang Dynasty. The north and south towers are both octagonal hollow brick towers with dense eaves. The styles are exactly the same, with ten levels and an average height of 42.4 meters. They were built in the Dali Kingdom period from the Five Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty. The two towers and the Qianxun Tower stand side by side, majestic and integrated. In recent years, during the reinforcement and repair of the Three Pagodas, more than 680 cultural relics have been cleared out. This is the richest and most important batch of cultural relics from the Nanzhao and Dali Kingdom periods discovered so far. The history, religion, and culture of the Dali period provide valuable information.

Ancient City of Dali The ancient city of Dali (now Dali City), referred to as Yucheng, is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in my country approved by the State Council in February 1982. It is also one of the 44 key scenic spots in the country. It is located in Nanzhao and the capital of Dali. The eastern part of the site was first built in the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1382) and has been built many times in the past dynasties.

Dali is known as "a country famous for literature". The long history has left many important cultural relics. Dali Scenic Area has 4 national key cultural relics protection units and 19 provincial key cultural relics protection units, which can be summarized as the "three ancients", namely the ancient city, ancient towers and ancient monuments. The ancient cities of Dali City include Taihe City, Yangju City, Dali City (now Xizhou Town), Longwei City (now Xiaguan), and Dali City; the ancient pagodas include the Three Towers of Chongsheng Temple, the First Tower of Hongsheng Temple, Snake bone pagoda, fish bone pagoda; ancient steles include Nanzhao Dehua stele, Yuan Shizu Ping Yunnan stele, Wuhua Tower stele group, Shanhua stele, etc. The long history also gave birth to many outstanding figures. Prominent ones include the fourth, fifth and sixth kings of Nanzhao, Piluoge, Geluofeng and Yimouxun; Qingping official (prime minister) Zheng Hui, Duan Siping, the founder of Dali, and the famous painter Zhang Shengwen; Ming Dynasty poets and writers Yang Fu, Yang Shiyun, and Li Yuanyang; modern democratic revolutionary patriots Li Xiexi and Zhang Yaozeng; outstanding military theorist Yang Jie; and Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces leader Zhou Baozhong.

Dali City has a radius of 12 miles. The city wall is 2 feet 5 feet high and 2 feet thick. There are gates in the east, west, south and north with towers on them, which are called Tonghai, Cangshan, Chengen and Anyuan; There are also turrets at the four corners, each with its own name: Yingchuan, Xiping, Kongming, and Changqing. The outer wall of the city wall is made of bricks, with battlements on the upper side and a ditch on the lower side. The city is well-organized and laid out in a checkerboard shape, with 5 streets from south to north and 8 lanes from east to west. What remains today are parts of the city walls of the north and south cities and the south city tower (rebuilt in 1982).

If Dali City, the state capital, gives people a feeling of prosperity and noisy, then Dali City is simple and quiet. The clear Dingdong River flows in the city, and every household grows flowers and trees, with flowers and fruits growing in abundance. The Garden Tea House hidden deep in the streets is a good place for tourists to rest. The French and other snack restaurants privately opened after the reform and opening up are also popular places for foreign guests. Traditional marble handicrafts line both sides of the street for viewing and purchase.

Dali Three Pagodas Dali Three Pagodas are located one kilometer north of Dali City. Dian Cang Mountain, with its thousands of snow-capped mountains and silver-carved greenery, stands behind it, and the Erhai Lake with its vast expanse of waves and black emerald green is embedded in front. The three towers stand together, supporting the sky and the earth; the jade pillars mark the sky, majestic and majestic, and are one of the scenic spots among Cang'er Mountain.

"The three pagodas are the landmark of the resort, and the pagodas are secretly crafted by ghosts." The main pagoda of the three pagodas is called Qianxun Pagoda. It is 69.13 meters high and is a square 16-story dense-eaves pagoda. It is the same as the Big and Small Wild Goose Pagodas in Xi'an. Typical architecture of the Tang Dynasty. Looking up from the bottom of the tower, I saw the tower standing in the clouds. The clouds moved and the tower stood there, seeming to be on the verge of toppling. The base of the tower is square and divided into two floors. The lower floor has a side length of 33.5 meters and is surrounded by stone railings with stone lions carved on the four corners of the columns. The upper floor has a side length of 21 meters. There is a stone screen wall in the middle of the east side with a Guizhou stone on it. The four characters "Yongzhen Mountains and Rivers" inscribed by Mu Shijie, a descendant of Duke Mu Ying, are majestic and majestic. Behind the screen wall is the "Reconstruction of the Three Pagodas" written by the Provincial People's Government.

The first floor of the tower is 13.45 meters high, which is the highest level in the entire tower. The east tower door is 2 meters away from the base plane, while the west tower door is nearly 6 meters away. The tower wall is 3.3 meters thick. The structures of floors 2 to 15 are basically the same and similar in size. The 16th floor is the top of the tower. Taking the second floor as an example, it is about 2 meters high and 10 meters wide. The upper part is built with stacked eaves. For 17 layers of bricks, the protrusion of each layer ranges from 0.05 to 0.07 meters. The four corners of the eaves are upturned. There are Buddhist niches in the middle of the east and west sides of the pagoda, with a Buddha statue inside. There are also pavilion-style niches on both sides of the niche, a lotus seat, a verandah-style roof, and a Sanskrit engraved sutra embedded in the middle. On the north and south sides, there is a coupon-shaped window in the middle, which leads directly to the center of the tower. On the third floor, there are Buddhist niches in the north and south, and window openings in the east and west. The above layers alternate in sequence. The tower body shrinks as it goes up.

The top of the tower is 8 meters high, which is about one-seventh of the tower body. The towering pagoda gives people a feeling of transcending the world and breaking through the sky. At the top is a gourd-shaped vase made of copper, with an octagonal lid under the vase, with wings spread out at the four corners, and a wind-beating front; below it is a phase wheel made of steel and copper skin; at the bottom is a covering bowl with a lotus base. On the four corners of the top of the tower, there were originally golden roc birds. According to legend, "the dragon nature respects the tower and fears the roc. Dali used to be a dragon lake, so it was used as a town." The golden roc no longer exists, and only the golden roc bird's feet remained before the restoration. Qianxun Tower is hollow and has a simple wooden ladder that can reach the top of the tower.

To the west of Qianxun Tower, about 70 meters apart, there are two small towers in the north and south. They are octagonal 10-level brick towers with dense eaves, each 42.19 meters high. The tower body has different reliefs such as Buddha statues, lotus flowers, and vases. . The first to eighth floors are hollow straight walls with crosses inside. The base is also octagonal. The two small towers are 97 meters apart. The three towers form a tripod, with a unified layout and harmonious shape.

Beside the Three Pagodas, there was the original large-scale Chongsheng Temple. According to historical records such as "Unofficial History of Nanzhao" (Hu's version and Wang's version) and "Zigu Tongji", the base of the temple is 7 miles away. The holy monk Li Chengmei built three pagodas, 890 houses, 11,400 Buddhas, and 40,590 kilograms of copper. It was built in Fengyou, the tenth lord of Nanzhao, worked from the tenth year of Baohe to the first year of Tianqi (AD 834-840), which cost more than 70,800 workers and consumed 43,514 kilograms of gold, silver, silk, silk and brocade.

After the completion of Chongsheng Temple and the Three Pagodas, the temple was well preserved. During the reign of Emperor Wuzong of the Yuan Dynasty, there was an "imperial edict" to confer Shi Juexing as the abbot monk, protect the temple property, and exempt him from food tax. It was also repaired in the Yuan Dynasty, so that "the palace verandas were revived, the three towers stood upright, the splendor of gold and green combined, and the beauty was as beautiful as the mountains." In the Ming Dynasty, Li Yuanyang rebuilt it and it also had "three pavilions, seven floors, nine halls and one hundred buildings". At that time, there were five treasures in the temple: three pagodas, a giant bell, a bronze Guanyin, a stele of songs for enlightenment, and a plaque of the Buddha's capital. When Xu Xiake arrived in Dali, he still saw "three towers standing in front of Chongsheng Temple...the towers are surrounded by towering pines. Entering from the mountain gate to the west, there is a bell tower facing the three towers, which is extremely majestic." Behind the tower is the main hall. It is called "Yuzhu Guanyin Hall, a standing statue made of bronze, three feet high" ("Xu Xiake's Travels in Yunnan Travel Diary 8"). It is said that the bell in the temple was built in the "twelfth year of Jianji" (AD 871). "It is more than ten feet in diameter and as thick as a foot" and "its sound can be heard for eighty miles." "The shadows of the three pagodas in the eternal clouds, the bells on the first floor of the wind and rain in the sky" have always been popular among people. The Rain Bronze Guanyin is solemn and beautiful, with a thin waist and bare feet, and exquisite shape. It is a relic of Nanzhao. However, the world has gone through vicissitudes of life. The giant bell was destroyed in the Qing Dynasty, and the Rain Bronze Guanyin was destroyed in ten years of turmoil. The monument of the Taoist Song and the Buddhist plaque together with the temple no longer exist. Dali Butterfly Spring Butterfly Spring is located at the foot of Shenmo Mountain at the foot of Yunong Peak, the northernmost peak of Diancang Mountain. This is the place where A Peng and Jin Hua sang and fell in love in the familiar movie "Five Golden Flowers".

Some people say that Butterfly Spring is famous for the "Five Golden Flowers". In fact, more than 300 years ago, Xu Xiake wrote in his travel notes: "The difference of Butterfly Spring, I heard It’s been a long time.”

The Butterfly Spring, which Xu Xiake has heard about for a long time, can be summed up as "three wonders": spring, butterfly and tree.

First of all, let’s talk about “spring”. The water in Butterfly Spring is infiltrated from the sand layer in the rock crevices. The water quality is particularly clear. It gathers into a pool as soon as it emerges from the surface without any pollution. The spring water flowing out of Butterfly Spring has been treasured by park managers in recent years and stored in three larger pools for people to watch. The largest pool is about 10 acres. Butterfly Spring has changed from one pool in the past to four pools now. This is the most conspicuous landscape in Butterfly Spring Park.

Secondly, let’s talk about “butterfly”. There are many kinds of butterflies in Butterfly Spring. Every year from March to May in spring, butterflies can be as big as a palm and as small as bees. They hang in bunches on the albizia trees beside the spring, and they are colorful. The most unprecedented event is April 15, which is designated as the Butterfly Festival by the Bai people. Xu Xiake once described this in his travel notes: "There are also thousands of real butterflies, with whiskers and hooked legs, hanging upside down from the top of the tree to the spring surface, colorful and colorful." The famous poet Guo Moruo said in 1961 When I visited the Butterfly Spring in Dali in autumn, I wrote a poem: "There is a butterfly tree at the head of the Butterfly Spring. Thousands of butterflies fly in, and they are connected for several meters from end to end, and inflorescences hang from the tree." One said that the butterflies are "connected with whiskers and hooked legs", and the other said that the butterflies are "connected end to end". Due to the difference in time, the two scholars did not see the spectacle of butterflies hanging in strings under the tree beside the spring. Which one is closer to the details? The reality depends on tourists to observe carefully. If you happen to miss the Butterfly Festival, don’t regret it. The newly built Butterfly Pavilion south of Butterfly Spring truly reproduces the ecology, varieties and butterfly-related culture of butterflies at Butterfly Spring. It provides services for tourists who cannot visit the Butterfly Festival in person. Learn valuable information about the wonders of Butterfly Spring.

Finally say "tree".

In the Butterfly Spring Park, there is an environmental placard that reads "The beauty of Butterfly Spring lies in the greenery, please take care of the greenery and trees." This sentence truly states that the beauty of Butterfly Spring is not only due to the phoenix tails we saw along the way. Bamboo, Christmas trees and other newly planted trees lined the road to welcome visitors, as well as pine forests, cylindrical trees, palm forests, tea forests, rhododendron forests, and moso bamboo forests all over the mountains behind the spring. It also benefits from the acacia trees, sour aroma trees, and pistacia chinensis trees beside the butterfly spring. and other local endemic aromatic tree species. This Night Albizia tree next to Butterfly Spring blooms in early April. During the day, its petals open like butterflies, and at night, they close and spit out bursts of fragrant fragrance. The poet vividly praises butterflies as "flying flowers" and the flowers of the acacia tree as "still butterflies". During the Butterfly Festival, flowers and butterflies dance together, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false. It is a great spectacle in Butterfly Spring.

In the hearts of the Bai people, Butterfly Spring is a spring that symbolizes love and loyalty. Every year during the Butterfly Festival, young men and women of the Bai ethnic group from all over the world come here to "throw a stone to test the depth of the water" and find the one they love through singing.