Collect and compile reported information, fully consider decision-making benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, and expand the proportion of information with important reference value. Sever

Collect and compile reported information, fully consider decision-making benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, and expand the proportion of information with important reference value. Several articles we submitted to the provincial department, such as "Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Urban Subsistence Living Security" and "Existing Problems and Countermeasures of Open Democratic Management of Village Affairs", were successively adopted by the provincial department, and relevant leaders gave important instructions to provide guidance for urban subsistence allowance, The healthy and orderly development of village affairs disclosure and democratic management in the province provides a certain basis for decision-making. The fourth is the principle of expediency. In order to keep the reported information fresh, lively and up-to-date, the information of the day is compiled and distributed on the same day, and emergency information is compiled and reported at any time when it occurs. 3. Increase innovation in civil affairs information work Innovation is the fundamental way to improve the level of information work, the inexhaustible driving force for the prosperity of the information industry, and the soul of the progress of information workers. At present, our county has entered a new stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way. To better serve the new situation of reform and development and improve service quality and level, information work must innovate in terms of ideas and work ideas. To this end, we strive to do the following: First, focus on the "key points" around the center. That is to say, feedback is provided on the situations and issues most directly and closely related to the work of the central government, such as the implementation of the party's line, principles and policies. At present and even in the future, we must focus on the unit's implementation of the important thought of "Three Represents" and the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Party, combined with education to maintain the advanced nature of Communist Party members, and timely publicity on study and implementation, At the same time, it is necessary to track and provide feedback on problems existing in various central work such as production disaster relief, special care and resettlement, assistance to rural impoverished groups, and urban subsistence allowances, and to promptly study countermeasures and suggestions. The second is to focus on the "hot spots" around the center. That is to say, we should seize the sensitive issues of common concern to the masses, widely understand and comprehensively reflect the voices and demands of the masses, and draw the attention of leaders to the development and changes of social contradictions. The third is to focus on the "difficulties". That is; in view of the problems or resistance that have arisen in the work, collect and reflect the ideas, plans, measures and methods that are helpful in solving these difficult problems in reality, and provide suggestions for leaders to study and solve the problems. It is necessary to closely follow the various contradictions and problems that are strongly reflected by the masses and concerned by the Party committee. We must not only be good at discovering and reflecting problems, but also analyze the causes in depth, especially problems encountered in the implementation of policies and decisions, and put them forward in a targeted manner. suggestion. The fourth is to focus on the "characteristics". That is to say, we should seize typical experiences that are relevant to the overall situation, represent the development trend of things, and provide guidance for the overall central work, summarize them in a timely manner, and quickly provide them to leaders, so that leaders can learn from local experiences to guide and promote the overall work from a macro perspective. It is necessary to combine the actual conditions and characteristics of the local area, department and industry, and pay attention to collecting and submitting new measures and new practices in implementing the "Three Represents", implementing the spirit of the 16th National Congress, and maintaining reform, development and stability. 4. Strive to improve the level of information work and effectively enhance service awareness. Information work is a job that requires hard work to be rewarding. We require the heads of each business department to conscientiously do a good job in information work in a highly responsible spirit. The civil affairs information written must closely follow the hot spots and difficulties in current social and economic life, ensure the accuracy, timeliness and completeness of the information, and become the eyes, ears and reference for decision-making by the party and government leaders. It is necessary to improve the effectiveness of civil affairs information, enhance the supporting role of civil affairs in decision-making, and expand the influence of civil affairs in society. Civil affairs information is a window to understand the county's civil affairs work and a working platform for communication and information exchange within the system. Our bureau makes full use of this information carrier to increase civil affairs publicity and timely report on the county’s civil affairs work trends, civil affairs business construction, legal system construction, the development of new civil affairs business and the situation of the civil affairs work system, making it a platform for summarizing and promoting experience, exchanging A place for information, guidance, research and problem solving. The above is a little bit of the work our bureau has done in information work, and there is no experience at all. There is still a gap between the requirements of superiors and compared with other units. In the future work, we will, under the correct leadership and guidance of the county party committee, give full play to the role of the civil affairs functional departments in serving the society and the people, and continue to provide leaders with high-quality information materials.

Article Title: Discussion on Analysis Strategies for the Causes of Migrant Workers’ Crimes

"Content Summary" The name "migrant workers" is a new term that has emerged in recent years, along with the process of urbanization With the acceleration of the epidemic, "migrant workers" often make people associate with the "migrant workers problem", which includes the problem of rising crime rate of migrant workers, and the society is very concerned about it. Why do migrant workers commit crimes and what countermeasures should we take?

"Keywords" migrant workers, migrant workers' problems, causes of crime, countermeasures

Before 1984, the main way for China's rural labor force to transfer to non-agricultural industries was through township and village enterprises, forming It has created an urbanization path with Chinese characteristics that “leaves the soil but never leaves the hometown, and enters the factory but not the city”. After 1984, the state relaxed restrictions on farmers' migration into cities and allowed farmers to settle in cities. As a result, a large-scale "migrant worker wave" emerged. It reaches its climax in the 90s. According to statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics, from 1978 to 2000, a total of 130 million people were transferred to non-agricultural industries in rural China, with an average of 5.91 million people per year. According to relevant surveys and predictions by Nanfang Net News, the number of people moving from rural to urban areas in my country will reach 176 million in the next 10 years, and it is expected that the number of people moving from rural to urban areas will reach 300 million in the next 20 years. This number is worrying. The purpose of farmers moving to cities is to serve urbanization and industrialization. However, due to certain institutional problems, the situation of migrant workers is quite difficult, and the social crime rate continues to rise. We call these problems collectively the problem of migrant workers.

Migrant workers are a special group. They have rural household registration, but they are engaged in non-agricultural jobs. They live in cities, but cannot fully integrate into urban life. In the traditional sense, they are neither real farmers nor real workers. So many scholars simply gave them a general name: "migrant workers".

"Migrant workers are a typical vulnerable group created by both economic and social factors"

1. Characteristics of peasant tools

(1) Economic On Poverty

"Get up earlier than a chicken, go to bed later than a cat, work harder than a donkey, and eat worse than a pig." This is a "classic" description of the living conditions of Chinese migrant workers "The metaphor is often used as a self-deprecation by some "angry young people", and it must be followed by: "Earn less than migrant workers." According to relevant statistics, more than 70% of migrant workers have a monthly income of less than 600 yuan, 20. About % have a monthly income between 600 and 800 yuan, and only a few can get a salary of more than 1,000 yuan. Therefore, most of them have zero cultural and entertainment expenses, and even if they do, it is only twenty or thirty yuan at most.

Economic poverty determines the low quality of life and vulnerability of the vulnerable groups’ psychological endurance.

(2) Low quality of life

Most of the urban migrant workers we see every day are very different from the residents of the cities where they make a living in terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation. In terms of clothing, because of the rough, heavy and dirty work they do, the clothing of migrant workers is generally very simple or even crude. In terms of housing, migrant workers generally rent in cooperatives in rural settlements at the urban-rural fringe. Most of those who work on construction sites live in work sheds on site, and many live in sheds built by themselves using various construction waste materials. Farmers The common characteristics of working and living conditions are: crowded living, poor lighting and ventilation conditions, humidity, mosquito and fly breeding, and often become sanitary dead spots in the city. In order to save money as much as possible in the city, migrant workers generally eat a simple diet. They are the main customers of low-end vegetables in farmers' markets and roadside food stalls on the streets. The main means of transportation is bicycles. They are the main sales target of used bicycles. Bicycle theft, which is extremely common and troublesome in all cities, is often related to them. Because migrant workers generally have high labor intensity, long working hours, and little leisure time, they are basically in a primitive and simple living state of working, eating, and sleeping, repeating the process of going from residence to work day after day. The cycle process of moving to a place of residence is far from the lifestyle of ordinary city residents.

(3) Monotonous cultural life

Judging from the current employment distribution of migrant workers, in many cities, migrant workers are mainly concentrated in the service industry and the construction industry. Comparing the two, migrant workers engaged in service industries such as entertainment, catering, beauty salons, and housekeeping services also have some basic cultural life, such as watching TV and newspapers. However, more than 90% of migrant workers engaged in the more difficult construction industry have no spare time cultural life. Chatting, sleeping, playing cards, gambling, and hanging out are the main ways they spend their free time. A small number of migrant workers occasionally participate in some cultural activities, such as watching TV or going to the square to watch movies and performances, but the number and time are not guaranteed.

Repeating the monotonous life of "working-eating-sleeping" for many years, coupled with the lack of healthy cultural life, has caused a considerable number of migrant workers to pass the time by watching pornographic videos or books and periodicals.

(4) Mostly young and middle-aged people

According to relevant statistics, in places where the per capita cultivated land is less than one mu, about 95% of the farmers who come out to work are young and middle-aged, and most of the farmers who stay at home farm They are old people and women.

(5) The educational level is generally low, the vocational skills are poor, and the ability to make a living is weak

Most of them are illiterate, with primary school education and junior high school education, and the vast majority of them have not graduated from junior high school. Due to their low educational level, migrant workers' jobs are mainly concentrated in the service industry and the construction industry. Those who engage in ordinary labor jobs in these industries do not require professional skills. Naturally, their income is not high, and their ability to survive in the city is weak.

(6) Weak legal awareness

Many people have not received a complete education. They have learned very little legal knowledge in school and received little legal publicity and education from various channels. It can be said that most migrant workers are legally illiterate.

(7) Group characteristics

Migrant workers working in cities generally belong to the same village, or to the same brigade, or to the same township, or to the same county. , if not for the same province. It is rare for a single farmer to come out to work. We can often hear migrant workers speaking the same hometown dialect chatting together at construction sites. Show group characteristics.

2. Due to the characteristics of farmers’ tools, migrant workers’ crimes have the following characteristics

(1) A high proportion of young people are involved in the crime. According to statistics from a court, in one year's migrant worker crime cases, the average age of 472 defendants was 29 years old, of which 383 were under 30 years old, accounting for 81.1% of the total.

(2) The education level of the persons involved in the case is low. According to statistics from a court, among the defendants, 14 were illiterate, 130 had primary school education, and 221 had junior high school education. The vast majority of them had not graduated from junior high school. It can be seen that many people came to the city to work without completing the nine-year compulsory education.

(3) The employment situation of the persons involved in the case is unstable. Among the sentenced defendants, 317 were unemployed, accounting for 67.2% of the total. As many as 80% of the remaining defendants have unemployment experience. Although some defendants found jobs, they were working as temporary workers and their income was very low.

(4) A certain proportion of persons involved in the case have criminal records. Among the sentenced defendants, 74 were recidivists, 32 had received reeducation through labor, and some had received varying degrees of public security management penalties. Moreover, these people are highly mobile and have a high rate of re-offending. Soon after being punished by law, they commit crimes in another place. They are repeatedly punished and re-offend. Some even return to their old jobs in the place where they served their sentences just after being released.

(5) The main types of crime are financial infringement cases. Among the 472 defendants, 306 committed the crime of theft, 40 committed robbery, 14 committed robbery, and 9 committed fraud.

(6) "Countrymen" gather to commit homosexual crimes. In the same crime cases, 74% of the total number of cases are that the defendants are from the same area. They are either neighbors or relatives, and some are even robbery and other property intrusion cases are on the increase.

3. The increasing number of crimes committed by migrant workers has aroused widespread concern in the whole society. People have begun to seriously think about the reasons for this problem. There are many opinions and different reasons. I think that the reasons for migrant workers’ crimes are The reasons are as follows

(1) The gap between urban and rural life is the social reason for the crime of migrant workers

Migrant workers have great blindness before going out to work. Often they just follow the introductions from fellow villagers, or without any understanding at all, and arrive in a completely unfamiliar city with very little travel expenses and living expenses. Due to low quality, weak ability to adapt to urban survival, shortage of job opportunities, and fierce competitive pressure, they may. They cannot find a job at all, or they are engaged in low-paying and high-intensity labor. Without living security, they have to become the new poor and vulnerable groups in the city. Migrant workers who hold the dream of getting rich not only have high expectations of getting rich in the city, but also suffer from difficult living conditions and poor living conditions. The cruel reality, the comparison between the two has created a huge psychological gap. On the one hand, migrant workers eventually choose illegal and criminal behavior to show their existence and borrow money. To obtain resources for survival, which leads to theft. They are brothers. Whenever a person has criminal intentions, he always thinks of asking fellow villagers for help.

(2) Ineffective legal control measures

At present, specialized agencies to deal with social crimes generally lack strength and funding. Compared with some developed countries, there is a huge gap. Social crimes are becoming increasingly serious, large-scale, and well-organized. The lax control and lack of capabilities of legal regulatory agencies naturally provide an environment for desperate migrant workers to take risks. In addition, the simplistic approach and discriminatory attitude of our law enforcement workers when dealing with farmers' illegal and criminal acts either reduces the desire of migrant workers to seek help from the public security departments, or increases the migrant workers' trust in the public security departments and even society. Feelings of distrust and even hostility. All these pave the way for migrant workers to go astray and commit crimes.

(3) Inadequate education and decadent ideas take advantage of the situation

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities, the employment pressure of college graduates has been increasing, especially in society. A new theory of "the uselessness of reading" has formed in rural areas. There are a large number of school-age children in rural areas who have only completed junior high school or even elementary school, even if they have "completed their education." This group of people have low cultural quality, weak legal concepts, spiritual emptiness, and poor resistance. Fights often arise over trivial matters, which can lead to catastrophe. At the same time, decaying cultural scum also took advantage of the situation. They could not resist the temptation and imitated the crimes such as robbery, theft, and injury in movies and TV dramas, and broke into the forbidden area of ????the law.

(4) The legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers cannot be effectively protected, and acts that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of farmers often occur

When farmers leave the countryside to work in the city, foremen and bosses often deduct migrant workers harshly without reason. The working fee is even not cashed at all. Whether farmers work at home or go out to work, if they lack basic living security, they will easily turn to crime in order to make a living.

(5) Psychological imbalance, indulging in work

Urban and rural economic development is unbalanced, especially in recent years, urban living standards have improved relatively rapidly. Faced with the diversified distribution of social wealth, the income gap is large. In reality, migrant workers are psychologically unbalanced. They envy others for spending a lot of money to enjoy life, but are unwilling to create wealth through honest work. Instead, they want to get rich quickly through illegal channels, but in the end they end up behind bars.

(6) The labor security mechanism is not perfect and the employment environment needs to be improved

Due to blind mobility, the employment situation of migrant workers is severe, and some employers and individuals are dishonest and default on migrant workers. However, the mechanism to protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers and the corresponding relief methods are still far from perfect, which worsens the living environment of migrant workers and induces crime. In 2002, three migrant workers employed by a company took some of the company's daily necessities home because they were in arrears with wages to migrant workers.

Therefore, in addition to further strengthening the management of farmers who work in cities, grassroots organizations must also lead farmers to adjust the industrial structure, develop the rural economy, actively educate and guide farmers to get rich through hard work with their own hands, so that farmers can live and work in peace and contentment.

(6) The government should pay enough attention to solving the problems of migrant workers

According to the National Development and Reform Commission, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions recently released the "2004 Blue Book on China's Trade Unions for Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Employees." The information disclosed in the blue book shows that establishing trade union organizations in non-public enterprises and strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of migrant workers have become the focus of trade union organizations at all levels.

Currently, trade unions at all levels are working hard to solve the problem of wage arrears in enterprises. The blue book disclosed that last year, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions submitted relevant recommendations to the State Council, which received the attention of the State Council and relevant departments. Trade unions in Guangdong and other places have also actively promoted the formulation of local regulations on corporate wage payment and strengthened supervision of corporate wage arrears.

Among the problems of wage arrears by enterprises, the most prominent problem is the wage arrears of migrant workers. Trade unions at all levels cooperate with the labor and security departments to establish early warning and forecasting systems for wage arrears, guarantee systems for wage arrears, and labor and employment integrity systems, and urge the labor departments to strengthen supervision and inspection of corporate wage payments, increase law enforcement, and set up employee complaint mailboxes and complaint hotlines , establish a system for handling wage arrears cases, and smooth channels for social supervision.

(7) Abolish the dual household registration system and implement a one-yuan household registration system

The dual household registration system established in our country in the early 1950s and the implementation of urban and rural divisions were to facilitate the early stage of the country’s industrialization. Avoid the problem of urban expansion and rising industrialization costs caused by excessive rural population migration to cities. But now conditions have changed, and various social phenomena have shown that the dual household registration system is no longer suitable for social development. But we can't just change it. While reforming, we must also clearly realize that there are 800 million farmers in China, and the peasant class has been ranked at the bottom of the latest classification of China's ten major classes. This means that farmers have a low status. If this reform comes too fast, won’t the problem of urban migrant workers become more serious? So we can only do it step by step. At the same time, the government should also pay great attention to rural areas and can "relieve farmers with industry" to ease the migration of farmers.

(8) Establish a sound social security system and include migrant workers within the scope of security

Establishing an integrated urban and rural social security system is the long-term goal of my country's social security system construction. It should be admitted that given current conditions, there are still great difficulties in achieving this goal. However, as a kind of institutional innovation, first integrating migrant workers into the urban social security system can not only solve practical problems such as work-related injuries, diseases, and pensions for migrant workers, but also help to establish a link between urban and rural social security systems. The connecting channel is of great significance for gradually improving our country's social security system and ultimately realizing an integrated urban-rural social security system.

All of the above practices can be used for reference. I believe that as long as society, government, and employers can truly start from the needs of migrant workers and truly become self-reliant, the problems of migrant workers can be better solved and the crime rate of migrant workers will also decrease.

References

1. "Sociology of Crime", written by Song Haobo, first edition in February 2005 by China People's Public Security University Press.

2. "Research on Urban Crime Governance and Stability Mechanism", written by Song Haobo, published by China People's Public Security University Press in 2003.

3. "Research on Vulnerable Groups in China", page 36.

4. "Social Network and Social Status of Migrant Workers", Li Peilin.

5. ""Pressure-type" Farmer Migration: A New Explanatory Model", "Chinese Rural Studies", Xu Zengyang, 2001, volume, page 258.

6. "Social Problems in China", Yuan Yayu et al., page 3.