What is the word after the dash in writing?

1. How should dashes be written at the beginning and end of articles?

The dash is a symbol with a wide range of uses.

Its main uses can be summarized as follows. 1. Used to express explanations or supplements to the above.

If the explanation or supplement is in the middle of the sentence, dashes are often used in both places. Brackets also indicate explanations, but the explanations introduced by dashes are part of the text and are more important information that must be read.

The explanations in parentheses are not the main text, but just comments. Without them, it does not affect the integrity of the sentence, and there is no need to read it out along with the main text when reading. Dashes and words such as "that is", "that is", "have" and "are" can all express explanations, but they cannot be used at the same time.

For example: Category 1: Interpretation (1) ※The people on the boat told him that the canal the ship passed through was the "boundary between China and foreign countries". (The dashes should be removed) For example: (2) Every new discovery in any science - its practical application may not be foreseeable at all - makes Marx feel heartfelt joy.

(3) "The Asian continent has the highest mountain system in the world - the Himalayas, and the highest mountain on the earth - Mount Everest." (4) "In addition to the nine major planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto - the solar system also has 40 satellites and numerous asteroids, comets and meteoroids." < /p>

"Intuition--although it is not always reliable--tells me that there may be something wrong with this matter." (5) *** of various countries - whether authoritarian *** or *** and *** — all expelled him.

(6) The boss or the handyman holds stacks of rosters and stands lazily at the main entrance - in front of a wooden fence like a ticket-cutting office at a train station (7) Zhou Puyuan, your birthday - —April 18—I always remember it every year. ... The second type of supplementary explanation (1) If I could believe that there is really a so-called "spirit in heaven", then I would naturally be able to get greater comfort - but now, that's all I can do.

(2) Zhou Puyuan doesn’t talk much. (Looking back to Dahai) Lu Dahai, you are not qualified to talk to me now - the mine has fired you.

(3) After everyone was persuaded, Dai Yufang paid a visit to her grandmother. ——This is the Taijun of the Shi family mentioned by Leng Zixing, the mother of Jia She and Jia Zheng.

The parts after the dash are supplementary explanations for the previous parts. 2. Indicates a change in topic.

For example: "I am doing a good job in the company in Zhuhai. The boss treats me well and the salary is quite high, more than 3,000 per month!──Can I have a cigarette?" before the dash is Tell about your own situation, and then suddenly turn to ask the other person about other things.

3. Indicates the progression of meaning. (1) Every year - especially during times of floods and droughts, these foremen with connections in Japanese factories... (2) To express the progression of meaning (continue) Unity - Criticism - Unity 4. The transformation of meaning , jump or turn.

(1) "It's so hot today! - When are you going to Shanghai?" (2) I didn't want to go, but my mother-in-law insisted on asking me to go see him again - what's there to see? ah! (3) Zhou Puyuan Well, - we want to repair her tomb. (4) Zhou Puyuan talks a lot.

I see that your temperament has not changed much, - Lu Gui seems to be a very dishonest person. (5) Lu Dahai: It doesn’t matter whether you tell me or not.

——Let me ask you, what do you mean, sometimes soft and sometimes hard, what exactly is going on? 5. Indicates the interruption of discourse. (1) "'Squad leader, he died──" Xiao Ma burst into tears before he finished speaking."

"He is very big,──(pause) and he thought his mother had died long ago. The dash in the previous example indicates that the following words were not spoken.

The latter example means a temporary interruption in the middle of a sentence, a pause and then continuing. (2) I asked people who were in Wuxi at that time, but - (indicating a break in speech) (3) Zhou Puyuan, a young lady from the Mei family, was very virtuous and well-behaved.

One night, he suddenly drowned and died.

Later, later, - you know? (Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm") Analysis: Dash indicates pause.

They indicate that the speaker started talking and then stopped intentionally. Indicates that the speaker intentionally pauses to achieve a certain purpose. 4. Indicates the prolongation of the sound.

(1) "'Shun──shan─fall──' came the shouts of the young man from our logging company in the forest." (2) "Xiao Lin——, I'm coming!" He shouted Shouting (3) "Woo-wu-wu" the little boy cried loudly.

(4) We call affectionately in front of Tiananmen: Zhou——President——Li——(5) Zhou Puyuan, you——what’s your surname? (Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm") Analysis: Zhou Puyuan's question "What's your name?" was because he was surprised by Lu Shiping and suddenly couldn't help asking. The dash here illustrates this state of mind.

The prolongation of speech represented by this dash is restricted by emotion. It can reflect various complex psychological states of human beings: enthusiasm, excitement, joy, surprise, sadness and fear, etc. This prolongation or pause of speech can be called emotional prolongation or emotional pause.

(6). Lu Shiping (with tears in her eyes) I - I - I just want to see my Ping'er. Zhou Puyuan He is currently upstairs accompanying his mother to see a doctor.

If I call him, he can come down to see you. But - (beat) he was very big, - (beat) and he thought his mother was dead a long time ago.

(Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm") Analysis: Lu Shiping proposed to meet his biological son Zhou Ping, which went through some ideological struggle. At this time, Lu Shiping's heart was pounding: Should she make her request or not? Will my request be rejected? The dash after ‘I’ in the example sentence vividly expresses this ambivalence.

The two dashes in Zhou Puyuan's words reflected his thinking and inner contradiction. He wanted to refuse, but was afraid of offending Lu Shiping. The prolongation of the sound represents the character's inner thinking process.

(7) (3) Fifty years ago, Zhou Puyuan had a very famous thing in Wuxi - indicating the prolongation of speech, indicating that the speaker intentionally prolongs to achieve a certain purpose. The dash here vividly It reveals Zhou Puyuan's cunning and sophisticated character. (8) Zhou Puyuan Well, let’s not mention this level for now.

So, let me tell you what I mean first. Listen, Lu Gui and I are going to fire now, and Sifeng is going home too.

However - hesitating and hesitating, this mark expresses Zhou Puyuan's worries and fears, and points out the face of a hypocrite. (9) Lu Shiping Isn’t there a piece where there was a burnt hole on the right sleeve, which was later repaired with a plum blossom embroidered with silk thread? There is one more thing——(10). 2. Where should the dash start in the second row of the subtitle of the composition

(1) Period 1. The period at the end of a sentence includes three types: period, question mark, and exclamation mark, indicating a larger sentence after a sentence. 's pause.

(1) Period (.) The period is used at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a pause after the declarative sentence is completed.

For example: ① The people of the whole country, especially the young people, must seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history of modern times. ② Please close the door.

③ We must go back today. ④Class is over.

Regardless of the length of the sentence, as long as it is a declarative sentence with a complete structure and independent meaning, a period pause should be used after the sentence. Imperative sentences with a soothing tone (such as Example 2), declarative sentences with emphasis (such as Example 3), and sometimes single-word sentences without a main clause (such as Example 4) also use periods to express the declarative tone.

(2) Question mark (?) Question mark is used at the end of a sentence to express a questioning tone. For example: Why are you back so late today? who is he? From where? When using question marks, you should pay attention to the following points: ① Rhetorical questions and hypothetical questions are both doubtful questions.

The former only asks but does not answer, and the definite meaning to be expressed is contained in the question; the latter asks and answers itself in order to attract the reader's attention, but both are interrogative, so a question mark is used at the end of the sentence. For example: When the war was fierce, didn't we once walk back and forth in the fields looking for weeds? Who created the human world? It’s us working people.

②Although a multiple-choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence and expresses a complete meaning. Therefore, only a question mark is used in the sentence, and the items in the sentence are Use commas between them; but sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also use a question mark after each item. For example: Did she become a beggar when she left her fourth uncle's house, or did she first go to Mrs. Wei's house and then become a beggar? Should you be the invigilator tomorrow, or should I be the invigilator? What about standing in front of them and leading them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose them? ③Some imperative sentences expressing a euphemistic tone can also use a question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example: Could you please move your stool a little? Would you like to come over? ④ In some question sentences, the subject and predicate are inverted, so be careful to put the question mark at the end of the sentence. For example: What's wrong, you? ⑤ Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc.), they are not really asking questions, but expressing a declarative mood, so periods should be used.

For example: I don’t know who he picked up at the station. I don't have anything, but I don't know what others think.

(3) Exclamation mark (!) The exclamation mark indicates a pause at the end of an emotionally charged sentence. ① Indicates the pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

For example: Once the roots take root, they are not afraid of being trampled and ravaged, but they still get up again and again and bloom with tiny flowers! Let’s sing to welcome Hong Kong’s return! ② Use exclamation points for imperative sentences with a very strong tone. For example: Sister Xianglin, just leave it alone! ③ Use an exclamation point after a strong rhetorical question.

For example: There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions! ④ Exclamation points can be used for single-word sentences with strong tone, non-subject-predicate sentences and interjections with strong emotions. For example: long distance! airplane! Oh! You're on the wrong track.

⑤ Use exclamation points after salutations, responses and onomatopoeia, and at the end of slogans if they contain strong emotions. 2. There are four types of dots in the sentence, including comma, semicolon, pause and colon, which indicate pauses and structural relationships in the sentence.

(1) The comma (,) indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence. ① In complex sentences, commas are often used within or between clauses.

For example: Although the so-called reminiscence can make people happy, sometimes it can also make people lonely. What is the meaning of having the spiritual thread still holding the lonely time that has passed away? And I am suffering from it. You can't completely forget it. This part that can't be completely forgotten has now become the origin of "The Scream". ② When the subject of the sentence (a complex phrase is the subject) is long, or when the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or when there is a modal particle after the subject, a comma should be used after the subject.

For example: This huge blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down. He is our class teacher, Teacher Liu.

You are so disappointing. ③ The predicate of the sentence is a subject-predicate phrase. Sometimes the subject needs to pause, so use a comma.

For example: Lu Xun had long opposed this foreign stereotype. ④ When the object of the sentence is long, use a comma in front of it.

For example: I remember that she was still a naive little girl at that time. ⑤ The adverbial is at the beginning of the sentence, and a comma is used after the adverbial.

For example: In the blink of an eye, four large piles of firewood at the top of the post are ready! ⑥ Used between inverted sentence components. For example: Come out, you guys! (subject predicate inverted) There are many lush trees growing on all sides of the lotus pond.

(Attributive postposition) Our motherland is leaping forward at a high speed, along the road to victory. (Adverbial postposition) ⑦ Used between parallel phrases.

For example: Tongmuling, Huangyangjie, Zhushachong, Bamianshan and Shuangmashi are the five major outposts of Jinggangshan. Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, various compasses, and large and small plastic triangles take up half of the desk.

(Because some of the listed ingredients are long and the pauses are large) Rice, wheat, cotton, chemical fertilizers, oil, and coal are all materials purchased and sold by the state. (Because there are different levels between each item, commas are used to distinguish different parallel levels, and spaces are used to indicate the parallelism of various components in the same level.) ⑧ Used after related words.

For example: He is not working very hard yet, but compared with before, he has made considerable progress. ⑨ Some special elements in a sentence are generally separated from other elements by commas.

For example: Lao Li, our squad leader, went to Beijing to receive an award yesterday. (Apposition) What kind of class, or more precisely, what kind of class position one stands on, has what kind of ideal.

(Insert) (2) Semicolon. ① Indicates the pause between parallel clauses within a complex sentence.

For example: If you use this style of work to discipline yourself, it will harm yourself; if you use it to teach others, it will harm others; if you use it to guide the revolution, it will harm the revolution. ② Sometimes semicolons are also used in multiple repeated sentences that are not parallel.

For example: All citizens of our country who are over 18 years old, regardless of ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, family origin, religious belief, education, property status, or length of residence, have the right to vote and be elected; Exceptions are made for persons deprived of political rights in accordance with the law. (Transition relationship) If you use a comma in this sentence, it will be difficult to distinguish the two meanings. If you use a period, it will cut off the coherent meaning, so use a semicolon.

For example: Already warned. 3. What is the function of dashes in articles?

Dash (——) is a symbol that indicates a change in topic or tone, a continuation of sound, etc.

"The specifics are as follows: 1. Expresses explanation. 2. Expresses prolongation of speech.

3. Expresses conversion, jump or turning of meaning. 4. Expresses interjection.

p>

5. Emphasize the key points. 6. Use line examples. 8. Indicate the author. 10. Lead to the following. .

11. Indicates the progression of meaning. 12. Indicates a summary of the above.

13. Expresses unfinished information. Specific usage: 1. Indicates a sudden change of topic or highlighting of meaning. Turning point 1. “The painting is really good. ——Why are you so brave and not afraid of him? "I'm a good person!" " (Modern Han Qi's "Lotus") 2. I secretly opened my eyes and looked at the female doctor. I saw her frowning and saying nervously: "We can't judge now. Let her calm down for a while.

Let’s all go study and bring a pot of boiling water. " (Modern Liu Zhen's "The Secret of Walnuts") 2. Emphasis on the following text: mentioning the following text is mainly a colon function, and using a dash instead is to make the tone stronger or the reading more eye-catching.

1 , At this moment, the hearts of everyone in the room are the same, and they all have one thing, which is - the memory of the deceased (Modern Ba Jin's "Things That Can Never Be Forgotten") 2. On the thousands of kilometers of railways, On the highway of hundreds of kilometers, I looked out of the car window, my eyes were looking everywhere - the forest! (Modern times are similar to "Young Forest") 3. Used to draw out the end of the sentence 1. Don't look at them making such a fuss. Fierce, but they are like rabbits' tails - they can't grow.

(Modern Hu Denver's "Look Away") 2. The people in Zhaozhuang were talking openly at this time, and some said: " Even if we offend the Tamura family, we won't get any benefit. Cut off the ears of a castrated pig - both ends suffer. ”

(Modern Ma Feng’s “My First Superior”) Baidu Encyclopedia - Dash. 4. Can essay titles contain dashes?

Essay titles can contain dashes. The purpose is to indicate Subtitle.

Example:

1. Sadness

- Juan Sheng's Notes

- ("The Complete Works of Lu Xun")

2. Flying to the Pacific

- Eyewitness account of my country’s carrier rocket launch (People’s Daily, 1980.5.23)

Dashes are often used to separate the titles of works, For the main title and subtitle of a book, dashes are added before and after the subtitle. Some books do not use a dash before the subtitle, but the font size is smaller than that of the main title. For example, the British writer Herbert Wells published by People's Publishing House. Book: Outline of World History - A Concise History of Biology and Humanity

Extended Information

The Development of Dash

Changheng has had a history in the history of Western punctuation Various uses, as the dash was finalized and popularized in the 17th and 18th centuries. The modern name of the French dash, tiret, was first used in 1554, derived from the verb tire (to draw a line).

The English dash appeared in the second half of the 17th century.

The original name was break, which originally meant "break, break and die", indicating a sudden pause or interruption. It was renamed dash in the 18th century. The word was written as daschen in the Middle Ages. It is believed to have been borrowed from the Danish daske, which originally meant "palm strike, straight charge". In 1552, it began to be referred to as "drawing a short horizontal line" and later developed into the name of the modern dash.

German appeared as a dash in the second half of the 17th century. Russian began to use the dash in the late 18th century, called tabIe, and the name was borrowed from French.

The length of the Chinese dash occupies two characters, while the length of the Spanish dash is equivalent to one Chinese character.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Dash 5. Where should the dash start in the second row of the subtitle of the composition?

(1) Period 1. Periods at the end of sentences include periods, question marks, and exclamation points Three types, indicating a large pause after finishing a sentence.

(1) Period (.) The period is used at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a pause after the declarative sentence is completed.

For example: ① The people of the whole country, especially the young people, must seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history of modern times. ② Please close the door.

③ We must go back today. ④Class is over.

Regardless of the length of the sentence, as long as it is a declarative sentence with a complete structure and independent meaning, a period pause should be used after the sentence. Imperative sentences with a soothing tone (such as Example 2), declarative sentences with emphasis (such as Example 3), and sometimes single-word sentences without a main clause (such as Example 4) also use periods to express the declarative tone.

(2) Question mark (?) Question mark is used at the end of a sentence to express a questioning tone. For example: Why are you back so late today? who is he? From where? When using question marks, you should pay attention to the following points: ① Rhetorical questions and hypothetical questions are both doubtful questions.

The former only asks but does not answer, and the definite meaning to be expressed is contained in the question; the latter asks and answers itself in order to attract the reader's attention, but both are interrogative, so a question mark is used at the end of the sentence. For example: When the war was fierce, didn't we once walk back and forth in the fields looking for weeds? Who created the human world? It’s us working people.

②Although a multiple-choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence and expresses a complete meaning. Therefore, only a question mark is used in the sentence, and the items in the sentence are Use commas between them; but sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also use a question mark after each item. For example: Did she become a beggar when she left her fourth uncle's house, or did she first go to Mrs. Wei's house and then become a beggar? Should you be the invigilator tomorrow, or should I be the invigilator? What about standing in front of them and leading them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose them? ③Some imperative sentences that express a euphemistic tone can also use a question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example: Could you please move your stool a little? Would you like to come over? ④ In some question sentences, the subject and predicate are inverted, so be careful to put the question mark at the end of the sentence. For example: What's wrong, you? ⑤ Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc.), they are not really asking questions, but expressing a declarative mood, so periods should be used.

For example: I don’t know who he picked up at the station. I don't have anything, but I don't know what others think.

(3) Exclamation mark (!) The exclamation mark indicates a pause at the end of an emotionally charged sentence. ① Indicates the pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

For example: Once it takes root, it is not afraid of being trampled or ravaged, but it still gets up again and again and blooms with tiny flowers! Let’s sing to welcome Hong Kong’s return! ② Use exclamation points for imperative sentences with very strong tone. For example: Sister Xianglin, just leave it alone! ③ Use an exclamation point after a strong rhetorical question.

For example: There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions! ④ Exclamation points can be used for single-word sentences with strong tone, non-subject-predicate sentences and interjections with strong emotions. For example: long distance! airplane! Oh! You're on the wrong track.

⑤ Use exclamation points after salutations, responses and onomatopoeia, and at the end of slogans if they contain strong emotions. 2. There are four types of dots in the sentence, including comma, semicolon, pause and colon, which indicate pauses and structural relationships in the sentence.

(1) The comma (,) indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence. ① In complex sentences, commas are often used within or between clauses.

For example: Although the so-called reminiscence can make people happy, sometimes it can also make people lonely. What is the meaning of having the spiritual thread still holding the lonely time that has passed away? And I am suffering from it. You can't completely forget it. This part that can't be completely forgotten has now become the origin of "The Scream". ② When the subject of the sentence (a complex phrase is the subject) is long, or when the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or when there is a modal particle after the subject, a comma should be used after the subject.

For example: This huge blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down. He is our class teacher, Teacher Liu.

You are so disappointing. ③ The predicate of the sentence is a subject-predicate phrase. Sometimes the subject needs to pause, so use a comma.

For example: Lu Xun had long opposed this foreign stereotype. ④ When the object of the sentence is long, use a comma in front of it.

For example: I remember that she was still a naive little girl at that time. ⑤ The adverbial is at the beginning of the sentence, and a comma is used after the adverbial.

For example: In the blink of an eye, four large piles of firewood at the top of the post are ready! ⑥ Used between inverted sentence components. For example: Come out, you guys! (subject predicate inverted) There are many lush trees growing on all sides of the lotus pond.

(Attributive postposition) Our motherland is leaping forward at a high speed, along the road to victory. (Adverbial postposition) ⑦ Used between parallel phrases.

For example: Tongmuling, Huangyangjie, Zhushachong, Bamianshan and Shuangmashi are the five major outposts of Jinggangshan. Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, various compasses, and large and small plastic triangles take up half of the desk.

(Because some of the listed ingredients are long and the pauses are large) Rice, wheat, cotton, chemical fertilizers, oil, and coal are all materials purchased and sold by the state. (Because there are different levels between each item, commas are used to distinguish different parallel levels, and spaces are used to indicate the parallelism of various components in the same level.) ⑧ Used after related words.

For example: He is not working very hard yet, but compared with before, he has made considerable progress. ⑨ Some special elements in a sentence are generally separated from other elements by commas.

For example: Lao Li, our squad leader, went to Beijing to receive an award yesterday. (Apposition) What kind of class, or more precisely, what kind of class position one stands on, has what kind of ideal.

(Insert) (2) Semicolon. ① Indicates the pause between parallel clauses within a complex sentence.

For example: If you use this style of work to discipline yourself, you will harm yourself; if you use it to teach others, you will harm others; if you use it to guide the revolution, you will harm the revolution. ② Sometimes semicolons are also used in multiple repeated sentences that are not parallel.

For example: All citizens of our country who are over 18 years old, regardless of ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, family origin, religious belief, education, property status, or length of residence, have the right to vote and be elected; Exceptions are made for persons deprived of political rights in accordance with the law. (Transition relationship) If this sentence uses a comma, it will be difficult to distinguish the two meanings. If a period is used, the coherent meaning will be cut off, so a semicolon is used.

For example:.