Library history

1. How is the Chinese territory library recorded in history? The only national sample library is China Map Library.

The library of People's Republic of China (PRC) Central Publishing General Administration, formerly known as 1950, was established with the publication sample collection department. 1954 changed its name to the Library of the Publishing Administration of the Ministry of Culture; 1957 changed to the version library of the Publishing Administration of the Ministry of Culture; 1983 was renamed as China Edition Library by the Edition Library of the State Publishing Bureau.

According to the provisions of the Measures for Sampling Books, Magazines and Newspapers issued by the state, the library is responsible for collecting, managing and collecting samples of publications officially published in China since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), including various versions and print runs published in various languages, different binding, layout, paper versions and some audio-visual books of the same book, as well as magazines and newspapers; According to the collected book samples, edit and publish the new national bibliography, the national general bibliography and various special catalogues. From 1950 to 1987,1236,000 books, more than 8,000 magazines and more than 500 newspapers were collected.

Second, how did libraries develop in history? In ancient Egypt, libraries were built in temples and managed by priests.

Egyptians write on papyrus, and then put the paper roll on knotted branches and put it on boxes or bookshelves. One of the most famous libraries in ancient Egypt is the Alexandria Library, which was built around 300 BC. It has hundreds of thousands of books, almost all Greek works and some oriental classics.

Caesar, the ruler of ancient Rome, first thought of building a public library. He put forward a plan to establish a public library system. After Caesar, the public library became one of the permanent facilities in Rome.

As early as the 4th century, there were 28 libraries in Rome. Later, libraries became part of churches and monasteries.

Monks are copying books while reading, so most libraries are preserved because of their efforts. At the end of the Middle Ages in Europe, cathedrals appeared and some small libraries were built in churches.

At this time, colleges and universities also began to collect books.

Three. Was there a library in ancient China? In addition to official libraries, folk libraries also exist widely.

There are three specific types, one is the college library, the other is the private library, and then there is the Buddhist scripture building in the temple. From the Tang Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty, as a unique educational and academic institution in China, the academy naturally needed a library.

The Imperial Bookstore of Yuelu Academy still has a large number of books until now. Private collectors also have considerable books.

Song Min, a famous private bibliophile in the Song Dynasty, asked for a collection of 30,000 books and publicly allowed book lovers to borrow them. The Tianyi Pavilion, built by Fan Qin, an official of the Ming Dynasty, has become the oldest library in Asia today. In addition, the Buddhist scriptures in the temple are not full of martial arts secrets like those written in the martial arts novels. It is not only Buddhist scriptures, but also a collection of various books, which can be called a library.

4. Introduction to Historical Masterpieces How many libraries are there in the world? Google, known as the world's largest search engine, can't say clearly. There are four famous libraries in the world with a long history, unique architectural style and talented people.

If you have a chance to walk through that city, don't miss the "book resort". "Resurrected" Universal Library-Alexandria Library in Egypt More than 2,200 years ago, Alexandria Library in Egypt took "collecting books from all over the world" as its mission, which made it the greatest library in the early history of mankind and spread the civilization in the Mediterranean for hundreds of years.

However, it was repeatedly robbed and eventually destroyed. In 200 1 year, with the efforts of UNESCO and Egypt for many years, the new library of Alexandria, a bright cultural pearl in the Mediterranean, was reborn! The completed Alexandria Library is located in the former site of Ptolemy Library, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea.

The main building is a cylinder with a semi-circular dome and a pyramid-shaped conference hall at the top. The ingenious combination of columns, pyramids and domes is natural.

The peripheral granite cultural wall is engraved with the words, letters and symbols of the world's oldest 50 languages, including Chinese characters, which shows the conception and creativity of civilization and cultural atmosphere. According to the design capacity, Yatu's library can reach 8 million volumes, with 0/500 periodicals.

In addition to written books, Yatu also has a large collection of ancient coins from all over the world, as well as more than 200,000 microfilms and CD-ROM audio-visual materials. After reconstruction, Yatu will become one of the largest libraries in the world, which can stand shoulder to shoulder with the famous British Library.

At present, Yatu is not only the cultural center of Egypt, but also a famous tourist attraction with many tourists. The Royal Swedish Library Stockholm, a beautiful Nordic water city, is a famous cultural city, and the Royal Swedish Library, one of the largest libraries in the world, built in the17th century, is undoubtedly the most brilliant tower of civilization in this city.

The Royal Swedish Library in Stockholm is the national library of Sweden, which was built in 1977. Now it has become a historical milestone in the center of Stockholm, with high architectural level and cultural value. The library building is located next to Hamler Park, one of the most popular parks in Stockholm.

The park is the center of Stockholm, the favorite entertainment place for people who live and work in this city, and also a playground for children around. In order to meet the needs of library development, in 1997, the Royal Library completed the expansion and restoration of the old library, and excavated the basement under the building to store more and more books. These bookshelves are seventy or eighty kilometers long.

The Royal Library is also one of the most important cultural and research institutions in Sweden. Its mission is to preserve Swedish cultural heritage, support and promote Swedish science and research, and promote domestic and international cooperation of libraries.

It collects and preserves various publications published in Sweden; Collect diplomatic documents about Swedish humanities; Save manuscripts, maps, pictures and other special documents; Establish a joint catalogue of Swedish national documents, etc. At present, the Royal Library has more than 2 million books.

Any reader can check the collection of the Royal Pavilion through the Bibliography Department of the Royal Pavilion and the Swedish Library Cataloguing System (LIBRIS). Readers with library cards of the Royal Library can book online.

"China's collection of books" is extremely rich-the British Library, as the richest library in the world, was opened to the public on 1998, with an area of 5. It is 654 38+0,000 square meters, with a building area of over 1 654 38+0,000 square meters, and can accommodate 1 277 readers at the same time.

The British Library has 6.5438+0.5 million books and periodicals, 33 million patents, 300,000 manuscripts, 6.5438+0.6 million audio and music materials, 4 million maps, 8 million stamps, 200,000 photos and 260,000 Indian affairs records. Among them, the China Collection in the Oriental Department of the British Library is a very distinctive part, including the famous Buddhist and mural scrolls in Dunhuang Grottoes, as well as the classic and precious materials of Taoism and Manichaeism.

This is a veritable treasure house of overseas sinology research materials. In addition to the main library in London, the British Library has set up a document supply center in Boston Bar in West Yorkshire. After 40 years of development, the center has a rich literature resource system, standardized and fast service methods, and the maturity of commercial operation is generally recognized. Millions of books and periodicals are added every year, 8 kilometers of bookshelves are added, and more than 200 people are employed/kloc-0, providing 4 million kinds of literature for readers all over the world every year.

The service can be completed within 24 hours at the earliest. The Treasure of Architectural Art —— The National Library of France is the oldest national library in Europe. Its predecessor was the Royal Library, which was built in14th century and opened to the public in 1720.

It is the first library in the world to accept contributions from domestic publications. On the right bank of the beautiful Seine, stands a glass building complex, which looks like four open books. Mitterrand once praised it as a treasure of French architectural art, that is, the new French National Library opened on 1996 12.20.

The old museum is located on Li Sailiu Street. The library inherited the books of the French royal family. After more than 280 years of growth, it has a rich collection of books, reaching 6.5438+0.2 million volumes and 350,000 periodicals, which are only used for reading or copying.

Self-built digital library is one of the largest free digital libraries in the world. It has collected precious library collections from the Middle Ages to the early 20th century, including more than 86,000 kinds of books and periodicals and 300,000 still images. Digital library provides French cultural products to readers all over the world for free, and has won a high reputation. On the internet, you can also check the books and the national joint bibliography. After checking the bibliographic information, you can reserve books and reading seats through the online reservation system, so that readers will not worry about borrowing books or having no seats.

Whether you are near the water or not, you can get the moon first. The library is unique in serving visually impaired readers, providing ramps and lifting facilities in buildings, and having special audio books or documents for the blind in the reading room; Some reading rooms have special rooms, and are equipped with readers, seats for the visually impaired, amplifiers, etc. Through the reader, visually impaired readers can use Braille or English.

5. Was there a library in ancient times? The library has a rich collection of books, which is a good place for us to read ancient books and learn knowledge.

China has a long history of establishing libraries, but there was no such name in ancient times, but other names were used. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people paid attention to book collection.

In the Zhou Dynasty, there was already an institution called "Meng Fu", which was dedicated to keeping covenants, books and archives. It should be regarded as the embryonic form of the library. But these books are mainly related to the royal family.

The royal family of the Western Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the collection of books. When the People's Republic of China was founded, Xiao He built the collections of institutions such as Shiqu Pavilion and Tianlu Pavilion in the palace, so later generations often referred to the Royal Library as "Shiqu" and "Tianlu". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also attached great importance to the preservation of ancient books. He built a "secret room" in the palace to collect books, and collected books widely across the country by official order, and stored all the collected books in the "secret room".

There were also books in the Han Dynasty, such as Lantai, Shishi and Qilin Pavilion. At that time, people fully considered the importance of preserving books and built a library with stones, so they named it "Stone Room", which could protect books from fire and moisture.

Because the bookcases where books were collected in the Han Dynasty were covered with copper, the library was usually called "Golden Chamber". The cause of library in Han dynasty has made remarkable achievements, which laid the foundation for the development of royal libraries in later generations.

All dynasties have attached great importance to book collection. In the Song Dynasty, Chongwen Academy was set up as a "library", as well as places such as Tianzhang Pavilion and Longtu Pavilion to collect the works of the emperor. Wen Yuan Pavilion was built in the Ming Dynasty, and it was also the royal library at that time. Libraries in the Qing Dynasty made great progress.

Four Ku Quanshu, a large-scale series compiled during the Qianlong period, is collected in several important libraries, such as Wenyuan Museum, Jinwen Museum and Wen Lan Museum. In addition to the royal library, private libraries in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were also very developed.

Some celebrities often collect ancient books at their own expense and keep them in family libraries. The quantity and quality of these private libraries should not be underestimated. The most famous one, such as the Tianyi Pavilion of Fan Qin in Ming Dynasty, is famous all over the world.

Although libraries have a long history, they do not serve the public. The royal library is not accessible to ordinary people, while folk collectors love books, and their books are generally not easy to display.

Jiangnan Library was the first to use the name of the library, which was built in the thirty-third year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1907). This is a public library, which opens a new chapter in China Library.

What does the word "library culture" mean? 1 Overview The cultural construction and innovation of university library is of great significance in the construction of university library. It is generally believed that the construction of university library culture involves culture, library culture and the construction and innovation of university library culture. Therefore, to study the cultural construction and innovation of university libraries, we should first pay attention to several aspects: First, what is culture? Second, what is library culture? Third, what is the construction of library culture? Fourth, what is cultural innovation? In the process of cultural development, what is its relationship with cultural inheritance? 1. 1 What is culture 1. 1 There is no doubt that culture is created by people, and culture is meaningful only when compared with people. People are cultural animals or social animals from the beginning. Human history is also a cultural history, and the origin of human beings is also the origin of human culture. Man evolved from apes. Marxism believes that labor has promoted the evolution of human beings: "First, labor, and then language and labor have become the two main driving forces. Under their influence, the ape's brain has gradually become the human brain ... The brain and the organs that serve it are not only the development of clear consciousness, but also the ability of abstraction and reasoning, which in turn act on labor and language, providing more than just a new driving force for its further development. This further development. When people finally separated from apes, they did not stop, but on the whole, they still strode forward, although in different nationalities and different times, the degree and direction were different, and sometimes they were even interrupted by local and temporary retrogression; Due to the appearance of fully formed people, a new factor-society-has emerged. On the one hand, this development has gained a strong impetus, on the other hand, it has also gained a more certain direction. " "Because hands, vocal organs and brains not only act on everyone, but also in society, people have the ability to carry out more complex activities. Put forward and achieve higher goals. Labor itself is more different, more perfect and more multifaceted from generation to generation. In addition to hunting and animal husbandry, there is agriculture. After agriculture, spinning, weaving, metallurgy, pottery making and sailing appeared. Art and science finally appeared together with commerce and handicrafts. From tribes to nations and countries, law and politics have developed, and at the same time, religion, the fantasy reflection of human existence in the human brain, has also developed. " In the process of apes evolving into human beings, the labor to meet the most basic material needs of human existence made apes evolve into human beings. In this sense, labor has created human beings and has been changing people, making people evolve to a higher level. Due to the needs of labor, people have formed a certain relationship. The production relationship generated by production activities constitutes human society, and the mode of production has become the essential force to promote the development and progress of human society. In short, "people must eat, drink, live and wear before they can engage in politics, science, art and religion."

7. What is the history of Guangzhou Library? Guangzhou Library is a public cultural and social education institution established by Guangzhou * * to serve all citizens. Based on the collection, arrangement and storage of various knowledge and information records such as paper documents, audio-visual products and digital resources, Guangzhou Library provides resources lending and transmission, information consultation, exhibition lectures, art appreciation, cultural display and digital network services, as well as public learning, research and communication space.

The Old Guangzhou Library opened on 1982 1.2, located at No.42 Zhongshan 4th Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou. The old Guangzhou Library was closed on 20th/Kloc-3rd, and was transformed into Guangzhou Children's Library. The new Guangzhou Library is located in flower city square, near the Pearl River, where the new central axis of Guangzhou city meets the landscape axis of the Pearl River. It is open for 72 hours every week, and it is open as usual on holidays.

Guangzhou Library has a total construction area of 6,543,800 square meters, 6,580,000 books (pieces), 4,000 reading seats, 500 computers for readers, 4,000 wired network nodes, and wireless network coverage rate of 654.38+ 000%. Realize the integration of collection, borrowing, reading and inquiry; Fully apply radio frequency identification technology (RFID), automatic document sorting system and self-service equipment to realize efficient and accurate collection management and convenient service; Set up comprehensive service area, mass service area, object service area, theme service area, exchange service area, book collection area and other functional areas. It has a distinctive style of the times and a strong Lingnan humanistic meaning.