Thoughts on strengthening the construction of ecological towns in Ashan County?

1. The connotation of ecological towns

Ecological towns are based on ecological principles and apply ecological, social, system and other engineering technologies to build sustainable development of society, economy, and nature. A human settlement with efficient use of energy and information. Ecological towns should meet the following standards: (1) Ecological principles are widely used to plan and construct towns, with reasonable urban structures and coordinated functions. (2) Protect and efficiently utilize all nature and energy, maintain a reasonable industrial structure, and achieve clean production. (3) Adopt a sustainable consumption development model with high recycling and utilization rates of materials and energy. (4) There are complete social facilities and infrastructure, and the quality of life is high. (5) The artificial environment and the natural environment are organically combined, and the environmental quality is high. (6) Protect and inherit cultural heritage and respect the various cultural and life characteristics of residents. (7) Residents’ physical and mental health, conscious ecological awareness and environmental ethics. (8) Establish a complete and dynamic ecological regulation management and decision-making system.

2. Conditions for building ecological towns in Ashan County

Ashan Yi Autonomous County is one of eight counties in a district under the jurisdiction of Yuxi City, Yunnan Province. The county ranges from 101052’ to 102037’ east longitude and 24001’ to 24032’ north latitude. With a total area of ??1972 square meters, it is located in the middle of Yuxi City. The county borders Hongta District of Yuxi City in the east, Tonghai County in the southeast, Shiping County in the south, Xinping County in the southwest, Shuangbai County across the river in the northwest, Yimen County in the north, and Jinning County in the northeast. The county seat is located in the southeast, with an altitude of 1,538 meters; it is 25 kilometers away from Hongta District, where the Yuxi Municipal Government is located, and 110 kilometers away from the provincial capital Kunming City, with National Highway 213 passing through it.

At the end of 2004, the total population of Ashan County was 150,000. There were 22 ethnic minorities living in the county, among which the Yi people accounted for 52.6% of the total population, the Hani and other ethnic minorities accounted for 10.2% of the total population, and the Han people accounted for 10.2% of the total population. The population accounts for 37.2% of the total population; it is the geographical and economic unit of ethnic minority autonomy.

In recent years, the Eshan County Party Committee and County Government have firmly established and conscientiously implemented the people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific development concept, strengthened urban ecological construction, and done a good job in comprehensive management of the ecological environment. The construction of ecological towns in Eshan County has made great achievements. A lot of progress has been made, but there are still some difficulties and problems.

(1) Good basic conditions achieve ecological town construction

1. Good location advantages

Eshan County is located in Kunming, Yunnan Province to southwest Yunnan. On the main transportation road in the continent, the Kunluo Highway runs from east to west, and the Yi'e Highway connects the north and south. It is 17 kilometers away from the Kunyu Railway Terminal and is known as the "Throat of Central Yunnan". The 213 National Highway within the territory has been upgraded to a higher level, and the Yuyuan Expressway has been completed and opened to traffic. The conditions for Ashan County’s connectivity with the outside world have been improved. National Highway 213 is not only an important domestic trunk road, but also an important international land passage from Kunming to Bangkok. With the connection between the domestic and Southeast Asian tourism markets, Ashan County will become the "frontier" of opening up to the outside world. The international highway Kunming-Bangkok line in Asan County can greatly improve Asan County's external access and strategic location.

2. Rich in natural resources

(1) Land resources. Ashan County has a land area of ??1,972 square meters and currently has 2,814 hectares of cultivated land. The per capita agricultural population has 0.22 hectares of cultivated land. The county has a lot of forest land, including 1.5586 million acres of woodland, 161,300 acres of sparse woodland, and 492,000 acres of shrub land.

(2) Biological resources. Ashan is a subtropical mountainous area with a complex and diverse environment and obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics. The temperature presents four climate types: south, middle, north subtropical and south temperate zones, making the region rich in biological resources. The county's forest coverage rate reaches 56%, and there are more than 1,500 plant species. In particular, large areas of land are suitable for growing temperate fruits such as pears, peaches, and apples. It is one of the closest producing areas of temperate fruits in southwest Yunnan; it also has conditions for the development of tropical fruits. It is suitable for growing tropical fruits such as bananas, mangoes, and coffee, as well as cash crops such as sugar cane. In terms of crops, Ashan County is the grain production area of ??Yuxi City and the main flue-cured tobacco production area.

(3) Mineral resources.

Mineral resources mainly include iron, coal, silicon, copper, lead, zinc, kaolin, diatomite, limestone, granite, marble, etc. The quality is good and the mineral points are concentrated, making it easy to mine. The proven reserves of iron ore are nearly 100 million tons, with an average grade of 50. Coal reserves are 29.45 million tons, including 23.95 million tons of anthracite and 5.5 million tons of lignite. Silicon ore reserves exceed 100 million tons.

(4) Water resources. Ashan County is located in the Pearl River and Yuanjiang water systems and has relatively abundant water resources, but the spatial and temporal distribution is unbalanced. The rivers are all small and medium-sized mountainous rivers with weak water storage capacity. There are 23,461 acres of various water surfaces in the county, including 14,729 acres of rivers and 8,732 acres of reservoirs and dams. In addition, there are 62 "Longtan" springs.

(5) Tourism resources. Ashan County *** has identified 32 tourism resource entities: specifically divided into three tourist areas, Jinping Mountain, Shanhou Tea Garden, and Tianzishan Hot Spring Tourist Area. Jinping Mountain Tourist Area is a provincial-level scenic spot. Shanhou Tea Garden Tourist Area includes Shanhou Tea Garden, "Eshan People" ruins, Huanian Reservoir and other scenic spots; Tianzishan Hot Spring Tourist Area includes Tianzishan Hot Spring, Tianzishan Temple, and Laowa Mountain Orchard. , Dayu Cave and other scenic spots.

3. The national economy has a certain foundation. After 50 years of construction, Ashan County has made great achievements in the national economic construction. According to statistics, in 2004, the county's gross national product was 1.215 billion yuan, the total industrial and agricultural value was 1.977 billion yuan, and the turnover of township enterprises was 2.266 billion yuan. Local fiscal revenue is 107 million yuan, new breakthroughs have been made in infrastructure construction, urbanization has accelerated significantly, township and village enterprises have maintained a good momentum of development, and new breakthroughs have been made in the development of the private economy.

(2) Difficulties and problems existing in the construction of ecological towns in Ashan County

1. The contradiction between funds for ecological town construction and actual development needs is prominent. As an underdeveloped area, our county's urban construction started late and has a weak foundation. The county's economic aggregate is small, its fiscal payment capacity is weak, and its own ability to raise funds is not strong. In recent years, our county has raised some construction funds through market-oriented operations. However, our county is in a period of rapid development of urban construction and requires a large amount of construction funds, especially in improving the ecological environment. In addition, urban construction in our county mainly focuses on the construction of central towns in the county. However, water, electricity, roads, communications, sanitation, etc. in central towns and central villages are relatively backward. This promotes the coordinated development of county towns, key market towns, and central villages.

2. The county’s urbanization level is low and there are many constraints on the construction of ecological towns. Currently, the urbanization level of our county is 30. Compared with the relatively developed counties in the city, the gap is still very huge. The eight towns in our county are scattered, small in scale, and each is located in a relatively independent and closed mountainous and semi-mountainous area, which is not conducive to the functional integration of towns and has poor conditions for scale expansion. In addition, the entire county is dotted with villages, which are widely distributed and small in scale. Such natural constraints have seriously hindered the development of urban construction in our county. In addition to economic and natural factors, there are also ecological constraints in our county’s urban construction in terms of ideas, concepts, and systems. Factors of urban construction.

3. There is a relative shortage of professional and technical talents in ecological town construction. Since our county's economic and social development is relatively backward, its ability to attract talents is relatively weak. At the same time, our county has few scientific research institutions and relatively few talents for its own cultivation. This has resulted in a shortage of technical talents for urban construction in our county, which is related to ecological towns. There are even fewer professional and technical personnel. As a result, the overall quality and development speed of the scientific and technological team cannot keep up with the needs of social and economic development.

4. The construction of ecological town laws and regulations needs to be strengthened. The construction of ecological towns in our county is still in its initial stage. There is a lack of a sound and effective set of ecological regulations, policies and management methods to guarantee the supervision, regulations and implementation of ecological town construction, so that there are laws to follow and the town is governed according to the law. There is still a lot of work to be done.

3. Measures for constructing ecological towns in Ashan County

The construction of ecological towns is a gradual and orderly process of systematic development and functional improvement.

To build an ecological town in Ashan County, we must promote the transformation of the traditional agricultural economy into a resource-based, knowledge-based and network-based efficient and sustainable ecological economy, take the ecological industry as the leader and embark on a path of emerging industrialization; promote the greening, purification and beautification of the urban, rural and regional ecological environment. , activated and sustainable ecosystem evolution, building a good ecological foundation for social and economic development; promoting the transformation of traditional production, lifestyles and values ??of urban and rural residents into an ecological culture that is environmentally friendly, resource efficient, systematic and socially harmonious, and cultivating a generation of Eco-social builders with culture, ideals and high quality.

(1) Scientific preparation of ecological town planning

Urban planning is the general outline of urban construction, and scientific preparation of ecological town planning is the premise and foundation for the construction of ecological towns. The content of ecological town planning mainly includes the increase of economic aggregate and the development of ecological economy, the distribution of urban population, the improvement of natural ecological environment and the improvement of environmental quality. To prepare ecological town planning, we must first establish an ecological town planning indicator system composed of three elements: economic, social and environmental factors.

Economic development indicators should highlight the three key points of speed, structure and efficiency, and establish an ecological economic system that conforms to the inherent laws of economic development, has a reasonable proportion of various industries, and efficient utilization of resources, and efficient flows of logistics and information flows. It mainly includes per capita GDP, annual per capita fiscal revenue, annual per capita disposable income of urban residents, the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP, energy and water consumption per unit of GDP, comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste, and enterprises that should implement cleaner production. The proportion of companies that have passed cleaner production audits, the proportion of large-scale enterprises (industrial enterprises with annual product sales revenue greater than 5 million yuan) that have passed ISO14000 certification, the scientific and reasonable utilization of resources (especially water resources), etc.

Social development indicators should highlight people-oriented, focus on improving the living environment, strengthen infrastructure construction, improve the quality of the population and quality of life, and make urban carrier functions compatible with urban development. Mainly includes the natural growth rate of population, urban population density, urban lifeline system (including transportation, water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating system) integrity rate, fire protection, public health emergencies, earthquakes and other natural disasters, flood control and drought relief , traffic safety, industrial accidents (including chemical leaks), anti-terrorism and public security, major meteorological disasters and other emergency rescue systems, gas penetration rate, higher education enrollment rate, Engel coefficient, Gini coefficient, environmental protection publicity and education penetration rate, citizens' awareness of ecology Environmental satisfaction rate, etc.

The environmental development indicators of ecological towns should highlight the equal emphasis on environmental pollution prevention and ecological protective development, and build an ecologically sound recycling system integrating urban and rural areas, thereby continuously improving environmental quality and promoting the sustainable use of natural resources. It mainly includes public green space per capita in urban areas, emission intensity of major pollutants, air and water environment quality, noise environment quality, centralized domestic sewage treatment rate, industrial water reuse rate, harmless treatment rate of domestic waste, and industrial solid waste disposal. Utilization rate, medical waste disposal rate, drinking water source water quality compliance rate, no major environmental pollution and ecological damage incidents, alien species have no obvious impact on the ecological environment, etc. Pay attention to improving the quality of human settlements. In the process of formulating urban ecological planning, it is necessary to scientifically plan the economic and ecological activities of the town in accordance with the economic and social development plan and the above-mentioned indicator system, reasonably determine the urban economic and ecological functions, and the scale and layout of ecological resource allocation, so that various urban activities Follow the requirements of the ecological town. At the same time, priority should be given to enhancing ecological functions, protecting original natural ecological green spaces, and improving the urban ecological environment.

(2) Elaborate ecological town design

Based on the preparation of ecological town planning, ecological town design must be carefully done to truly realize the ecological goals of the town and Reflect the unique urban ecological environment, urban culture, urban image, urban style characteristics and attractions of different towns. Its basic design includes three aspects: urban landscape design, urban industrial design and urban residential design.

The goal of urban landscape design is to establish an urban natural ecological system composed of humanistic landscapes and various natural ecological landscapes mainly composed of buildings, gardens, etc.

The second is to open up channels and actively attract private capital to invest in urban construction. For profitable quasi-public products (such as urban public transportation, water supply, etc.), we must lead government investment, adopt equity participation, actively introduce private capital, and form a diversified investment structure. The third is to strengthen planning and regulation, do a good job in land management, and raise funds through land management. The fourth is the market-oriented operation of urban intangible assets such as urban roads, square naming rights, advertising management rights, bus and taxi operating rights, etc. The fifth is to screen and package projects and actively strive for national policy funding support.

4. Implement responsibilities and strengthen supervision. On the one hand, we must strengthen the construction of laws and regulations in urban planning and construction management. Especially in the implementation of urban construction projects, it is necessary to implement full-process supervision and clarify the responsible offices, departments and responsible persons for each work to ensure that the construction of various projects is implemented in a timely and effective manner. On the other hand, it is necessary to conduct useful exploration on the operating mechanism of various tasks. In urban management, market-oriented operations should be explored. Bidding for the cleaning and maintenance of main streets, public toilets, squares and other public places in cities and towns and the maintenance of green space in squares is open to the public. The government has focused its work on management and supervision, shifting from being both an "athlete" and a "referee" to focusing on being a "referee." In the management of urban city appearance, it is necessary to establish a fragmented responsibility system, link work responsibilities with economic benefits, and establish a long-term operation mechanism for daily urban management.

Constructing an ecological town is a large and complex systematic project and a long-term strategic task. It requires scientific and overall planning in all aspects of urban development strategy, urban planning, development and construction, and construction management. Deal with the relationship between economic development and the natural environment, urban construction and development and ecological environment protection. Ashan County will continue to focus on implementing the strategic requirements of "ecologically establishing the county and developing the county greenly", focusing on promoting the construction of ecological towns, taking the ecological town project as the main line, and taking the urban areas of the county and the towns and villages of various ecological demonstration zones as the axis to fully complete The National Ecological Demonstration Zone has met the various targets for acceptance, creating a new situation in the construction of ecological towns.

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