Social undertakings in Lhasa

At the end of 2012, there were 6 colleges and universities (including 1 vocational college), 1 secondary vocational school, 14 general middle schools, 87 primary schools, 94 kindergartens, and 1 special school. Place. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children in the city reached 99.8, and the consolidation rate reached 101.4; the enrollment rate of junior high school students reached 101.68, and the consolidation rate remained at 99.26. The gross enrollment rate for high school is 82.

As of 2012, there are 6 general colleges and universities in the city, with 8,225 students enrolled in general higher education (including adult education), 23,593 current students, and 5,568 graduates; 170 students are enrolled in postgraduate education. There are 423 postgraduate students and 102 graduates; there are 1,606 secondary vocational education students. The city's high school and junior high school enrollments are 12,439, with 36,612 current students and 11,761 graduates. The gross enrollment rate of high school is 80.8, and the enrollment rate of junior high school is 99.47. Primary education enrollment is 8,153, with 47,791 students and 7,586 graduates. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children is 99.76. There are 5 special education enrollments and 175 students in school. There are 11,092 children in kindergarten. The "three guarantees of funding" for primary and junior high school education are constantly increasing, and government financial investment in various schools is also increasing. At the end of 2010, there were 547 health institutions of various types in ***, including: 22 hospitals (including 2 military hospitals), 50 health centers, 7 community health service centers (stations), and 9 health and epidemic prevention and control institutions. There are 6 maternal and child health hospitals (institutions and stations), 220 clinics, clinics, and infirmaries, 230 village clinics, and 3 other institutions. The hospital has a statutory number of beds of 2,545.

At the end of 2012, there were 451 health institutions (including village clinics) and 2,325 medical beds. There are 4 medical beds per 1,000 people. There are 3,552 health technicians of various types, including 1,541 practicing (assistant) physicians. There are 6 health technicians per 1,000 people. Lhasa People's Broadcasting Station is the only radio station in Lhasa and the youngest radio station in a provincial capital city in China.

As of the end of 2010, Lhasa City has 2 radio stations and 2 television stations. The comprehensive population coverage rate of radio and television reached 96.29 and 96.04 respectively. Throughout the year, 60.43 million newspapers, 1.6 million copies of various magazines, and 14.46 million books were published. Tibetan New Year: The Tibetan people have been preparing for the New Year since the twelfth month of the Tibetan calendar. The first day of the lunar calendar is the first day of the Tibetan New Year. The first thing they do is send people from each family to the river to carry back the first bucket of the New Year. Water - auspicious water. Starting from the second day of the Lunar New Year, relatives and friends visit each other to pay New Year's greetings. This activity lasts for three to five days. During the Tibetan New Year, in the square or open grassland, everyone forms a circle and dances Guozhuang Dance and Xianzi Dance. Accompanied by musical instruments such as lyres, cymbals, and gongs, people held hands and stepped on the ground to celebrate the festival and sang in harmony, while the children set off firecrackers.

The Ox King Meeting: The Ox King Meeting starts on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month and usually lasts for more than ten days, sometimes even for a month. The number of people often reaches more than a thousand. During the Ox King Festival, people ask black speakers to chant sutras, blow yak horns, and slaughter dozens of yaks or hundreds of sheep. Due to the huge cost of the Ox King's Fair, this large-scale Ox King's Fair has only been held once in the past hundred years. The members participating in the Ox King Meeting all have the same blood relationship, and it is also included in the cultural festivals of ancestor worship.

Chuanzhao Dharma Assembly: It is the largest religious festival in Tibet. By then, monks from the three major monasteries of Drepung Monastery, Sera Monastery and Ganden Monastery in Lhasa will gather at the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa. This Dharma Festival was continued from the prayer meeting held by Master Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug Sect, in Lhasa in 1409. Since then, the scale has been continuously expanded and enriched, making the prayer meeting a fixed religious festival with a large scale. Yayu when it was first founded.

Butter Lantern Festival: The fifteenth day of the first lunar month in the Tibetan calendar is the last day of the Chuanzhao Dharma Assembly. During the day, people go to various temples to pray to the Buddha; The flower stands are filled with colorful images of gods, characters, birds, animals, flowers and trees, as well as puppet performances.

At night, farmers in the suburbs sing, dance, and hold antiphonal singing competitions, which sometimes last for several days before ending. This is the most lively and happiest festival in Lhasa.

Sagadawa Festival: The 15th day of April in the Tibetan calendar is the birthday, enlightenment and death of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. It is also a traditional festival of the Tibetan people. On this day in the Tibetan calendar every year, Tibetans Men and women dressed in festive costumes, according to their traditional customs, gathered in groups at the Dragon King Pond behind the majestic Potala Palace to hold this sacred festival.

The Bathing Festival: It is a traditional festival for the Tibetan people. The Bathing Festival lasts for five or six days. During the festival, no matter in towns or villages, rural areas or pastoral areas, people carry tents and butter tea, highland barley wine, and Zan tsampa. People come to the banks of the Lhasa River, the Brahmaputra River, and thousands of rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to get into the water, play and swim in the water.

Shoton Festival: Shoton Festival is one of the largest traditional festivals in Tibet. "Shoton" means yogurt. Shoton Festival was a purely religious festival before the seventeenth century. According to According to the Gelug regulations of Tibetan Buddhism, the sixth month of the Tibetan calendar is a forbidden period every year. Monks and nuns in monasteries across Tibet are not allowed to go out to avoid stepping on insects. When the ban is lifted on July 1st of the Tibetan calendar, they all go down the mountain. At this time, farmers The herdsmen should take out the prepared yogurt as a tribute. This is the origin of Shoton Festival.

During the festival, Tibetan people gather in small groups, men, women, old and young, carrying various baggage and highland barley wine barrels. Some even set up tents, spread card mats and carpets on the ground, and put highland barley on them. Festive foods such as food and dishes are pouring into Norbulingka. Various agencies and units in the autonomous region will also arrange large-scale cultural and artistic activities, academic seminars, and economic and trade exchange meetings during the Shoton Festival, making the scene even more lively.

Horse Racing Festival: Horse racing is a very favorite activity for the Tibetan people. It is not only a place for farmers and animal husbandry to gather and exchange experience in agricultural and animal husbandry production, but also a display of the spirit of the Tibetan people. Horse racing activities are almost indispensable in all Tibetan festivals that have been passed down among the people. Horse racing not only appears as a motif in the festival, but more importantly, the Tibetan people, based on their strong belief in horses, have formed such a traditional national "horse racing festival", and this event has a long-standing history.

Wangguo Festival: The "Wangguo" Festival is an annual festival for the Tibetan people to wish for a good agricultural harvest. Every year on this day, Tibetan people wear festive costumes, some carry colorful flags, some carry harvest towers made of highland barley and wheat ears, with white "hada" tied on the harvest towers, hold slogans, and some knock on People beat gongs and drums, sang songs and Tibetan operas, and some carried the statue of Chairman Mao and circled the field. After the circle, people carried tents and highland barley wine, talking about ancient roads and modern times, and drinking carnivally. Some even held traditional horse racing and archery. , yak racing, horseback riding, singing and dancing, and Tibetan opera competitions. Tibet has many handicraft products full of local flavor and ethnic style, such as various wooden bowls, silver bowls, bamboo bowls and other traditional Tibetan handicrafts and woven products; there are also imitations made in batches by businessmen from Nepal, India and other countries, such as various bone carvings Animals, various "antiques" that have been treated with anti-aging treatment, etc.

Cordyceps sinensis: Cordyceps sinensis is a valuable medicine with both animal and plant names. It is the base and insect body of the Cordyceps sinensis fungus parasitic on the larvae of bat moth. It is an insect in winter and grass in summer. The lower part is insect and the upper part is grass. Cordyceps is sweet and sour, neutral in nature and fragrant. It is a good tonic for strengthening the lungs and kidneys.

Tibetan Knife: Tibetan Knife is a prestigious traditional handicraft in Tibet. It has a long history and unique style and is very popular among tourists. In the lives of Tibetans, Tibetan knives are also a must-have item. It can be used for self-defense, as a meat-eating tableware, and as a special decoration. Generally speaking, men's Tibetan knives are rough and sharp, while women's Tibetan knives are more delicate.

Tibetan masks: Masks are called "Ba" in Tibetan. They are a kind of handicraft derived from religious art. They are roughly divided into three parts, namely religious masks, Tibetan opera masks and folk singing, dancing and rapping masks. In Tibet, every major religious festival, various temples will hold a dance ceremony, using masks such as ghosts, protectors, immortals, etc. Due to regional differences and different uses, Tibetan masks are also colorful and have different forms.

Wooden bowls: Wooden bowls are mostly used for drinking tea because of their strong thermal insulation properties. They are practical daily necessities in Tibetan areas. There are many types of wooden bowls in Tibet, and their prices vary greatly. Generally divided into ordinary type and luxury type. The ordinary type is made of tung, birch, rhododendron and other tree roots or miscellaneous wood, without decoration. The precious type is made from a parasitic plant called "Za". The wood is dark and translucent, and the texture is as thin as hair. Coupled with silver decoration, it looks even more gorgeous and elegant.

Thangka: Thangka is a kind of scroll painting with complex lines, rich colors, and strong religious characteristics. Most of the thangkas express the themes of Tibetan Buddhism, and a few express other themes. , serving other content. The pigments used to draw thangkas are taken from opaque minerals and plants, and some animal glue and ox bile are added in proportion. The resulting thangkas will still have bright colors that will not fade even after thousands of years.

Jewelry: Tibetan jewelry includes pearls, agate, various jades, gold and silver products, etc. Generally, it is better to be simple. You can buy it at the Lhasa Barkhor Street flea market or some tourist shops. There are everything you need to wear around your neck, wear on your wrist, hang on your ears, and hang on your waist.

Butter tea and tsampa: Butter tea and tsampa are the main representatives of Tibetan food in Lhasa. Butter tea is made by mixing butter, brick tea and salt. It has a unique taste and is said to relieve altitude sickness. Zanba is made by mixing highland barley fried noodles and butter tea in a certain proportion. When eating, stir it in a bowl and knead it while eating. The method is unique. You can taste butter tea and tsampa in many Tibetan restaurants in Lhasa.

Tibetan noodles: The most common Tibetan daily diet is to boil the noodles and add beef soup and a small amount of beef. The taste is not much different from the noodles in the mainland. Most sweet teahouses and roadside shops have Tibetan noodles. Many sweet tea houses have Tibetan noodles. Most of the noodles are dried noodles, and the taste is basically the same.

Ganzi yellow jelly: one of the most popular snacks in Lhasa. It is just sliced ??jelly and mixed with soy sauce, vinegar, garlic juice and chili before eating.

Highland barley wine: Highland barley wine is called "Qiang" in Tibetan. As the name suggests, highland barley wine is made of highland barley. It is the favorite wine of Tibetans. The taste of the wine is a bit fat, but it is refreshing and sweet, the alcohol content is not high, and the stamina is not small.