Emblem of Zheng Zheng Table Tennis Club

1. Emblem-The design should be concise, clear, easy to identify and remember, including English abbreviation or Chinese pinyin abbreviation with the meaning of "the 12th National Games of Hubei Province", which can be appropriately deformed.

2, singing-requires the string rhythm to be magnificent and passionate, and the lyrics are catchy and rhythmic.

3. Mascot-it is required to highlight the characteristics of Xiangfan, embody the spirit of sports, exaggerate and deform, and be vivid and lovely.

4. Poster-bright, beautiful and generous. It is best to combine the above requirements.

5, propaganda slogan-the content should be antithetical, loud and easy to understand.

At the 1933 Chicago World Expo, the theme and the emblem were simultaneously produced. By 20 10, there will be 28 world expositions and 27 emblems will be produced.

The emblem is "Badge" in English, also known as logo and emblem in Chinese, and it is a public symbol reflecting the image and characteristics of the World Expo. It is the innate talent of human beings to record things with symbols: the image of "totem" in ancient times, the national emblem of primitive society, seals and heraldry that can be seen everywhere in life. In Europe, signs were widely used in ancient Greece. The wheel, star, moon, grape and other special signs of the ancient city of Pompeii in Rome have long been known to the world. In the 20th century, signs were widely used in all fields of social life. In the 1970s, the enterprise identification system that rose in Europe and America promoted signs to the core position of visual communication design. Since the establishment of the World Expo, the emblem has become an indispensable part of the World Expo. It is the cultural carrier and image core of the World Expo, and it is also a highly refined and concentrated theme concept [2]. The history of the World Expo clearly shows that designing an excellent emblem is very important for hosting a successful World Expo.

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Throughout the frequency of keywords in previous World Expo, "progress and development" appeared 9 times; A century's progress (1933), tomorrow's new world (1939- 1940), mankind in the space age (1962), human progress and harmony (1970) and pollution-free progress (650). [1] Online design. China

"Water (ocean)" appeared 5 times; Ocean-promising future (1975), river world-water is the source of life (1984), Columbus-ship and sea (1992), ocean-future wealth (1998), water and sustainable development (.

"Man (humanity)" appeared five times; Science, civilization and mankind (1958), man and the world (1967), man and nature (1990), man and nature-towards the 20th century (1999), man-nature-technology-

"Technology" also appeared five times; Art and technology in the modern world (1937), science, civilization and humanities (1958), living and environment-human home technology (1985), leisure life in the era of science and technology (1988), human-nature-technology-.

"Nature" appeared four times; Man and nature (1990), man and nature-towards 2 1 century (1999), man-nature-technology-development (2000) and the wisdom of nature (2005).

Life appeared four times; Living and environment-human home technology (1985), transportation (1986), leisure life in the age of science and technology (1988), city and good life (20 10).

If the Expo in the19th century mainly shows the scientific and technological strength of various countries, such as steam engines, sewing machines, printing machines, generators, submarine cables, trains, electric lights, phonographs, telephones, refrigerators and many other inventions. Then in the 20th century, mankind ushered in the "space age" and "ocean age" and entered 2 1 century. Considering how to live in harmony with nature, improve the quality of life and lifestyle, it can be said that the development process of Expo 150 witnessed the change of human thinking and social progress. Online design. China

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Theme concept is the source of emblem design, and creating graphics and colors that meet the theme meaning has become the pursuit of designers. World Expo is a "grand event of world development", and the design should consider the characteristics of the times, countries, nationalities and cities. In the emblem design of the World Expo, there are many ideas of using circles to represent the concept of "world". There are 19 emblems related to the circle, of which the earth figure has been directly used for 8 times [3], in addition, the water (ocean) figure has appeared for 4 times [4] and the human figure has appeared for 3 times [5], which can be described as closely corresponding to the theme of the World Expo.

When was the plan of the earth, or simply a map, discovered and recognized by the world? As early as15th century, in the era of great navigation, through great exploration, mankind had an accurate map of the earth; The World Geographic Map, an iconic graphic design work of the United States from 1950s to 1960s designed by Bayer Company, further refined the image of the map for the world. The high-frequency use of maps reflects people's concern about their living space and living environment, and also shows that countries have consciously or unconsciously established the concept that they are part of the world and the world is a whole.

1933 The Chicago World Expo coincides with mankind bidding farewell to "age of steam" and entering the "space age". By displaying the brilliant achievements of the past, mankind tried to find the courage and confidence to get out of the economic crisis that swept the world at that time. According to the records, Mary Potts is looking for a unique representative of the Chicago World Expo, and it should also be a model that can be easily copied ... "The design of the rotating earth is very simple, drawing a large arc trajectory and unfolding it with great power, which shows that the earth has developed forward with its strong internal energy in the course of a hundred years, while the" progress of a century "is concentrated in these arcs to meet the next change and rise to a wider sky. This map of the earth is undoubtedly very primitive.

1935 The emblem of the Brussels World Expo is a man with a map, with a realistic shape. At that time, World War II was about to break out in Europe and was shrouded in the dark clouds of war. The emblem shows the common expectations of participating countries of different nationalities for peace, and this is the first World Expo to raise the relationship between people to the same important position as science and technology.

New york World Expo 1939-1940 was held on the eve of World War II with the theme of "Tomorrow's New World". The exhibition predicts the prospect of human life depicted by cars and highways, and shows people a clean, safe and dazzling tomorrow world. In addition to exhibiting the scientific and technological products at that time, this World Expo will also bring people advanced scientific and technological products in the future: televisions, interstate highway chain systems and other new scientific and technological products have appeared one after another. The emblem designer directly adopted the silhouette pattern of a 400-foot-high conical triangular spire and a round spherical building, which was the landmark building of this World Expo completed by two famous architects at that time, bringing strong visual contrast and impact, and boldly revealing the characteristics of the World Expo's pursuit of modernity and functionality. This future-oriented building is the crystallization of science and technology and human wisdom, which embodies the unremitting pursuit of modernity.

At the World Expo in Brussels after 18, Locke designed a slightly deformed five-star to represent the five continents. The map, the number "58" and the silhouette of Brussels City Hall in the visual center are triangular. The emblem is characterized by the organic combination of maps, figures and buildings. In the earliest design, the whole picture was black and white with bright yellow as the background. The logo first appeared in the official poster newspaper of the World Expo published by 1956, and then appeared in various forms. His statement is "... the earth should also have a place, because this is a worldwide event." www.dolcn.com

1962 The Seattle World Expo shows the space feat of human beings flying around the earth by means of spacecraft, and predicts that human beings will March to Mars in 2 1 century, and then conquer the whole outer space. The emblem is a male symbol named "Needle in Space", in which the words "2 1 century" are embedded, and the design has a surreal style. The symbols with space, earth and "2 1 century" as the main body imply the prospect of American national life, society and scientific and technological progress after 2000. The description of the future also reflects to some extent the determination and performance of the United States to actively participate in national economic mobilization during the Cold War. As predicted by the Congress, human beings in the 265,438+0 century have already planned to March on Mars, and the dream of conquering the whole space is becoming a reality step by step. As the official symbol of 1962 World Expo, this surreal art model not only brought a single income of up to 4 million dollars for the World Expo, but also was reused and promoted by the post office of the General Assembly at that time.

The emblem of new york World Expo 1964 is a globe, on which the positions of countries all over the world are distributed, and the curve symbolizing the new technology of communication and transportation surrounds it, which shows that science and technology have promoted the communication between countries and shortened the distance of the world. The 42.6-meter-high emblem made of stainless steel also shows the size of the earth as seen from space 9600 kilometers away. The earth is the natural protagonist here, and every country can find its place on the earth. The whole earth is surrounded by mobile satellite orbits, forming special longitude and latitude lines, which are surrounded up and down and transmitted to all corners of the world. Its significance lies in the hope that all countries in the world will resolve contradictions, understand each other and move towards peace through mutual communication and exchange. The logo image itself was also built in a huge three-dimensional landscape building on the new york World Expo Square. Everyone who looks up to it will not only marvel at its ingenious design, but also be infected by this warm and inclusive atmosphere, because it conveys the message of longing for communication and peace, which is the common wish of all people who love life all over the world.

1967 The emblem of the Montreal World Expo represents human hands with a tree fork, and eight hands of equal size are evenly distributed and form a complete circle, representing that human beings share the same earth. The design also expresses the concept that at this World Expo, regardless of race, border and language, the whole world will embrace the same earth, breathe the same fresh air, bathe in the same brilliant sunshine and have the same beautiful nature. * * * will feel that all beautiful things are together, but abstract graphics are rich in connotation. The warm colors of orange and yellow give people a warm feeling, exude a peaceful atmosphere, and symbolize that people all over the world are connected hand in hand. This human icon was once very popular with the public.

Osaka World Expo 1970 shows the "stones on the moon" brought back by astronauts. The emblem designed by Yasuo Fukuda is like a blooming cherry blossom, and the pattern * * * consists of six circles. The five circles around it represent the five continents on the earth, namely Asia, Europe, Africa, North America and South America. The middle circle represents Japan, and five crescent-shaped circles surround the central circle, symbolizing the whole world. It is very suitable for "human progress and harmony". From the perspective of master-slave modeling, it is very symmetrical, but it has changed flexibly because of a little imperfection in the "petal". Each circle is an abstract symbol, but when it is mixed together, it can be regarded as a vibrant cherry blossom. Title.

1993 The logo of Daejeon Expo in Korea adopts the changing figure of Tai Chi symbol, just like the traditional Korean national dance, and its bright momentum closely echoes the theme of "new way to take off", which embodies the confidence of the country and people and shows the dream of the Korean nation to take off. Designers take the changing graphics of Tai Chi symbols as the main body of the logo, which has distinctive national characteristics. The visual form of sports seems to be a traditional Korean dance, and the leaping momentum echoes the theme of the conference on the way to take off. Colors and images are so national, passionate and mysterious, which makes people feel novel. Behind it, it embodies the confidence and strength of a country and the power of a nation to take off. As Japan is considered as a developed country, this World Expo is also held in a developing country in Asia for the first time.

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In the process of exploring and conquering nature, human beings have caused over-exploitation of energy and serious damage to the environment, and at the same time they have been retaliated by nature.

In 1970s, two energy crises in America reminded people of the limitation of resources. After seven years of dream and preparation, the World Expo finally knocked on the door of Knoxville. The Knoxville World Expo emblem 1982 designed a burning circular flame to express the world's concern for energy. The World Expo also changed Knoxville, a small town in the southern United States, and made its economy develop rapidly. At that time, the largest energy company and the largest atomic energy development laboratory and factory in the United States gathered in Knoxville. Just as the spherical flame is burning, Knoxville's desire and passion for the World Expo is undoubtedly revealed at this World Expo. Red is the fire of hope and the source of strength. Knoxville took advantage of the Tyne River and the canyon to burst into endless vitality and firepower; At the same time, the appearance of the shape of the earth shows that the energy problem has attracted worldwide attention.

The lack of land resources has led human beings to turn their eyes to the ocean and enter the "ocean age". At this stage, more shapes of the emblem are wavy. 1975 The theme of the Okinawa World Expo is "Ocean-Hope for the Future", and three repeated cartoon spray patterns are designed in the circular emblem, which represent the beautiful and lovely ocean. Radio waves are messengers, transmitting distant information. We seem to be in a fairytale state, enjoying endless marine treasures and looking forward to the information about the future brought by the waves. The picture is limited and the artistic conception is endless. The friendly way of painting may be the reason why it stands out, and people have to admire the uniqueness of the designer.

1984 The World Expo in New Orleans demonstrated the effective use of advanced technologies such as river banks and water resources utilization. The emblem uses flowing water waves as graphics, and its shape is also a circle preferred by the world. The whole picture skillfully links the memorable day of 1984 with the theme of "river world-water, the source of life", which is concise, flexible and full of rich content, revealing the designer's intention.

Lisbon World Expo 1998 was held to welcome the flag of the International Year of the Ocean. The emblem is designed with a fluctuating "E" character, which is designed as a flying flag and extends to the northeast corner, making the calm picture full of vitality and more vivid. The orange sun rises slowly from the northwest corner, adding a touch of bright color to the whole picture. The sun rising from the sea level in Ran Ran is pregnant with a promising future. The design of the logo just echoes the commemorative significance of 1998 International Year of the Ocean. [3] Creativity hits the theme directly-the ocean, the wealth of the future.

The emblem of the 2008 Zaragoza World Expo directly uses realistic pictures of water, with the theme of "water and sustainable development".

There are also some World Expos that directly show the new technologies of human development and navigation to commemorate people's exploration of the ocean. 1992, that is, 500 years after the era of great navigation, Genoa and Seville held expositions. The theme of the former is "Columbus-the ship and the sea", and the emblem has changed from the number "500" to the figure of a sailboat, sailing on the undulating sea, with a rough and vivid shape; The latter regards the letter "O" in the' 92 World Expo as the earth, and the emblem combines time, place and theme, and can also be used directly for personal use, and specifies the size changes under different usages in detail, which shows the functional design concept.

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After experiencing the embarrassment that blind pursuit of technological progress leads to environmental destruction, the relationship between human beings and nature is gradually pursuing all-round progress, improving people's comprehensive quality, paying attention to the interests of human society itself and the world, and moving towards the road of harmonious coexistence with nature.

The urbanization process of the United States19th century in 50-60 years brought about the destruction of the ecological environment, and the water pollution was extremely serious. 1974 The emblem of the Spokane World Expo uses "Mobius Belt" 8, and the circular blunt triangle shape symbolizes the continuation of life and the sustainable development of the environment. The logo consists of blue, green and white ties, which circulate with each other, meaning the continuation and endless life ... Three colors vividly represent their respective themes-white symbolizes clean and dust-free air, blue symbolizes bright and pure ocean, and green represents vibrant earth and lush nature. Jumping colors and bright themes bear the theme advocated by the World Expo-pollution-free progress, profound and meaningful design.

1986 World Expo held to commemorate the 0/00th anniversary of Vancouver's founding106. The emblem consists of three intertwined rings, representing the land, air and water on which human beings depend, respectively, which form the word "86". The whole structure seems dull but contains profound meaning, which fully reflects the process of human efforts, pioneering and enterprising, and promoting world development. It is also the relationship between human beings and the development of the earth. Among them, the development of transportation plays a considerable role, and the profound philosophical connotation of this symbol has a more specific meaning because of the theme of this World Expo "Traffic and Transportation".

1990 Osaka Horticultural Exposition in Japan is also the first comprehensive exposition held in Asia. The emblem symbolizes "human progress and harmony" with a blooming "bud". The purpose of the Expo is to explore the protection of the future earth's ecology. Advocating the development of science and technology in the space age can promote human progress and harmony through the Expo, a forum and grand event for international exchanges.

1999 The emblem design of Kunming World Expo symbolizes the movement of stars, clouds, air and wind in nature with semi-abstract graphics, and holds up a green flower symbolizing life with "hands" as a whole, which embodies the theme of "Man and nature-marching towards 2 1 century".

Expo 2000 Hanover pays attention to the relationship between human beings, nature and technology, guides human beings to think from different angles, and promotes exchanges and cooperation among countries in solving global problems such as energy problems and environmental problems. Corrugated graphic signs can change their structure and color according to different application environments, giving people an overall impression and always showing different motion States. It is dynamic, unknown and uncertain. It can be said that it has strong uniqueness, simple and profound modeling, is suitable for a variety of media, conforms to the conceptual positioning of the theme, and embodies strong philosophical significance.

Regarding the emblem of Expo 2005 Aichi, Takuya Damu said ... Expo 2005 will be a place where people can fully appreciate the relationship between man and nature, which is the emotion I want to express in this emblem. "He designed an open circular emblem, just like the green sun.

The theme of the World Expo began to pay attention to people's lifestyles in the 1980s, and the pursuit of high-quality life became a hot topic in the world at that time.

During the 1985 Tsukuba World Expo, the triangular emblem designed by Tanaka Yoshimitsu has three sides representing the three aspects of the Expo theme-human, housing and environment, and the three lines support each other to form this stable form. It subtly shows the dialectical relationship among human beings, houses and the environment. The dot on the vertex of the triangle symbolizes Tsukuba Peak (the location of the World Expo) and is welcoming the dawn of science and technology in the 2 1 century; The two parallel ellipses in the center of the triangle mark the harmonious trajectory between mankind and science.

This World Expo is also recognized as the most distinctive and representative World Expo in the 1980s, showing people a new way of life in the future. This is also a logo graphic composed of elements with special meanings. The uniqueness of this theme logo is that the logo itself is composed of abstract elements, and each element is infused with humanized understanding. It is an artistic symbol with specific information transmission function, which shows the future ideal of the universe, the earth, mankind, science and art.

1988 The theme of the Brisbane World Expo to commemorate the 200th anniversary of European settlement in Australia is "Leisure Life in the Age of Science and Technology". The logo uses the Australian boomerang, which appeared more than 10,000 years ago, as a modeling element, expressing people's love for this traditional outdoor sport. This is also one of the most distinctive activities in Australia so far. Australian boomerang evokes people's feelings about the development of science and technology. This thing appeared as early as the era of carbon analysis, with a history of 1 1000 years. You know, it is one of the earliest inventions of mankind, and it has gradually evolved into an outdoor sport with Australian characteristics. It goes without saying that the logo graphics are in line with the theme. Participating countries also reflect the richness of human life with sports, literature, tourism, leisure, cooking and gardening.

The theme of 20 10 Shanghai World Expo is innovation. It takes "city" as the starting point for the first time in the history of the World Expo, which embodies the characteristics of the times. The emblem pattern is composed of the Chinese character "World" with the image of a family of three, and combined with the number "20 10", which expresses the idea that China people take family [4] as the basic unit of the city and pursue family harmony and people.

The color of the emblem of previous World Expositions is also closely related to the theme. Blue is the main color, which has been used for 8 times [9], because blue is the color that best represents the sky, ocean and technology, and few ethnic groups are taboo about it. The five World Expo emblems after 1999 all adopted green as the main color, presumably because green is a special color of natural environment protection. The classic work of color application is the emblem of the 2000 Hanover World Expo, and its technique seems to be inspired by the dynamic art that emerged in the 1960s [10].

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However, in previous World Expo emblems, there were many works with rather mediocre designs, mainly because the image of the emblem could not be compared with the architectural, scientific and technological, cultural innovations and achievements at that time. The reasons are not only the imperfection of the solicitation and selection mechanism, but also the imperfection of the development of the Expo image design itself.

First of all, the way of social solicitation determines that the design of the emblem is based on the theme. The way of social solicitation can stimulate the public's enthusiasm for participation. Only 13 works participated in the 1958 Brussels World Expo, and 100 works participated in the 1968 San Antonio World Expo. 1228 works were shortlisted for the 1998 Lisbon World Expo, which was determined after more than two months of screening. 20 10 Shanghai World Expo selected one work from 8568 works, with a large number of applicants. Faced with so many design applications, it is the ultimate choice to express, explore and innovate the theme as much as possible.

Social solicitation has indeed produced many excellent emblems, but it also has the limitations of personal thinking and even inaccurate submission. This form of individual combat sometimes leads to a weak visual effect of the overall emblem. On the basis of collecting social ideas and wisdom, it is a fruitful practice to invite elites to create collectively, which has benefited a lot from the collection of the emblems of Hanover and Aichi World Expo. Hanover invited nine famous German designers with the same name and a group of talented young designers to participate in the logo collection activities, and Aichi Expo selected one of the 65,438+00 outstanding schemes nominated by the world.

Secondly, excessive pursuit of proper theme meaning will lead to the loss of artistry of the emblem. All previous World Expos are "Olympic" events in science, technology, politics, economy and culture, with rich themes and many influencing factors. Maximizing the theme meaning will complicate the graphics, and sometimes it is necessary to boldly abandon some complicated forms and pursue simple and effective communication effects. Facts have proved that good emblem design works mostly spread national culture in abstract form. For example, in the solicitation requirements for the emblem of Expo 20 10, it is necessary to express the theme of "Better City, Better Life" and the concept of "understanding, communication, gathering and cooperation". For another example, the design theme of the Hanover emblem in 2000 is human-nature-technology-development, which is very complicated. Michael Gass said ... we hope the logo is not a specific pattern. For such a complex event as the World Expo, any picture seems monotonous. We began to look for suitable patterns and images and made a visual image survey, hoping to reflect the theme of Expo 2000. In our opinion, the individuality of a pattern lies in that it can contain elements that promote its vitality and movement, that is, an eternal energy, and this kind of movement conforms to the theme of World Expo 2000, that is, people should keep moving, think flexibly and be brave in innovation, and use their wisdom to promote the development of society in the 2 1 century. Under this premise, a concept called "driving force" was born, and this "driving force" has visual and visible characteristics. Facts have proved that their thinking is correct, because the final logo has been recognized and praised by the world.

Personally, what kind of design method should be put in the second place for the emblem design of the World Expo, and the most important thing is whether the final emblem design works can first represent the highest level of visual art at that time? Instead of stiffly expressing the meaning of the theme, in other words, it is to pursue the unity of form and meaning dominated by artistry. After all, this emblem carries the function of showing the national image and national taste to the world. For example, in May, 1999, the organizers discussed what kind of logo to design among the representatives of citizens in Tokyo and Nagoya, and decided on a judging committee composed of nine authoritative figures. In the form of international naming competition, 10 designated candidates submitted 40 works (one of which withdrew), and after several rounds of rigorous expert evaluation, social evaluation and trademark investigation, it was finally released to the public in March 2000. The logo was written by Onuki Takuya Daguan Zhuoye, who worked in Japanese Bobaotang advertising company and later became an independent designer. In fact, the author's exposition of logo is very simple: open, round and meaningless, aiming at guiding the public to fill in the concept of self and exert their imagination.

Looking at the logo design of the 20 10 Shanghai World Expo, some scholars think that the creativity of the 20 10 Shanghai World Expo with the Chinese character "Shi" is similar to that of the Olympic Games [5]; There is also a view that the logo modeled with Chinese characters is not the most ideal because its semantic communication effect outside Chinese-speaking countries is very limited. After all, Chinese characters are difficult to read. I believe these arguments should play a very good role in promoting the design of "Made in China".

Finally, the Expo is called upon to enhance the overall visual image design. 1962 The emblem before the Seattle World Expo was mostly in black and white, which was related to the lack of color research in the Expo. Moreover, the visual design elements of the emblem of the 5th World Expo are incomplete. 13. Compared with the Olympic Games born out of the World Expo, the World Expo cannot be compared with it in many aspects, such as design concept, visual graphic development, color planning, post-implementation and so on. The 20 10 Shanghai World Expo seems to be aware of this. Recently, it has widely collected exhibition and event planning schemes from the society and promulgated the management measures for the use of the emblem. www.dolcn.com

Precautions:

[1] The World Expo involved in this paper is not divided into two categories: professional and comprehensive. 1937 The designer of the Paris World Expo logo has not found any relevant information so far.

[2] Excerpt from the article "Make the finishing point say the emblem-Sidelights of the ——20 10/0 Shanghai World Expo logo seminar" published on the website of Shanghai World Expo.

[3] Chicago World Expo 1933, Brussels World Expo 1935, Brussels World Expo 1958, Seattle World Expo 1962, new york World Expo 1964, Knoxville World Expo 198.

[4]1975 Okinawa Expo, 1984 New Orleans Expo, 1998 Lisbon Expo and 2008 Zaragoza Expo.

[5]1935 Brussels Expo, 1967 Montreal Expo, 20 10 Shanghai Expo.

[6] See Wang Shouzhi's History of World Graphic Design P209.

[7] See Merikai Wald vogel's 1933 Patchwork Souvenirs of the World Expo, P 1 1.

[8] Named after the German physicist and astronomer august ferdius mobius.

[9] new york Expo/KOOC-0/964, Spokane Expo/KOOC-0/974, Okinawa Expo/KOOC-0/975, Tsukuba Expo/KOOC-0/985, Vancouver Expo/KOOC-0/986, Daejeon Expo/KOOC-0/993.

[10] The abbreviation "optical art" was developed on the basis of the optical illusion art of Bauhaus Nagy, Albers and Vasarelli.

[1 1] See the article "Design Problems Caused by Discourse Right" published on the website on June 3, 2005, reprinted from Art Watch magazine.

[12] See "Disadvantages of Contemporary Chinese Characters and Their Applications" and "Decoration" in Multilateral Talks: Chinese Character Design in Digital Environment, P32,No. 14 1 issue, 2005.

[13] Chicago Expo 1933, new york Expo 1939- 1940, new york Expo 1964, San Antonio Expo 1968 and Knoxville Expo/kloc-0.

References:

[1] Website information of Shanghai Library Expo Information Center.

[2] Information on the official website of 2】BIE (www.bie-pairs.org).

[3] The Analysis of World Expo Theme Development was written by Wu Zhiqiang and first published on the Shanghai World Expo website in 2003.

[4] Shanghai World Expo: Innovation and Development 2003/2004 Shanghai Development Report.

[5] Wang Shouzhi's History of World Graphic Design, China Youth Publishing House, 200 1 year.

[6] Decoration magazine, issue 1 in 2005.

[7] Art Watch, No.4, 2005.