Basic training for airborne troops?

Classification: Social People's Livelihood; military affairs

Problem description:

Basic training for airborne troops?

Analysis:

■ Airborne troops ■ Airborne troops composed of multiple arms have the ability to quickly maneuver and cross geographical obstacles. They fight on the ground through parachutes or planes. They are an assault force that can suddenly appear behind the enemy and cooperate with the frontline troops. On July 1950 and 17, the Central Military Commission decided to transfer a group of combat heroes, outstanding fighters, model classes and platoon cadres from the army units of various military regions to form the first airborne unit of the Air Force, which was then called the Air Force Marine Unit and was awarded the title of "China People's Air Force Marine Corps First Brigade". 1950 12 the brigade was reorganized into air force land warfare 1 division. On April 28th, 1957, the designation was designated as China People's Airborne Division. 196 1 June, an army unit was incorporated into airborne troops to form airborne troops.

At present, the people's airborne troops have gradually developed into dozens of modern arms units with close professional coordination, such as guidance, technical investigation, infantry, signal soldiers, engineers and chemical defense soldiers.

A brave and skillful army.

■ The super mobility of airborne troops eclipses the rapidity and fierceness of cavalry and the galloping of motorized troops. Long-standing operational principles, such as the military importance of highlands, the use of obstacles, the use of reserves, the coordination of support firepower, flank cover, and the use of feint and surprise attack, have all been placed in completely different positions. Wide rivers, high-cloud mountains and impenetrable rainforests are no longer a problem, because there is always an exposed sky above us.

Since ancient times, human beings have been seeking the mobile advantage over each other in the war. In history, people always apply every new technological progress to war first.

124 years ago, in a balloon experiment, French balloonist blanchard fell from a height of 200 meters due to the sudden rupture of the balloon. Fortunately, the curtain covering the balloon quickly opened, slowing down the descent, and he was spared. Inspired by this escape, blanchard began to try skydiving with balloons. Two years later, he completed the first skydiving test in human history with a big cloth supported by four sticks. Since then, there has been a new member-parachute-for the umbrella to shelter human beings from the wind and rain.

This umbrella used as an emergency lifesaving eventually led to the birth of a magical weapon. As the birthplace of Julio Du Hei, the world's first air superiority advocate, the emergence of parachutes first catered to the needs of the Italian Air Force. They took the lead in developing large-scale skydiving technology in the world in the mid-1920s. However, the Soviet Union's great efforts in skydiving technology dwarfed Italy and other European countries.

With the efforts of the former Soviet paratroopers founder Onid Minov, a paratrooper unit airborne for the first time on August 2nd 1930. This day later became the anniversary of Soviet airborne troops. This is also the first airborne detachment in the world. Three years later, the former Soviet Union held an air show in Moscow, and 65,438+0,000 spectators watched 46 paratroopers jump out of two large bombers in silence-a world record at that time. The Soviets also threw a large parachute into a small combat tank. Although the tank could not be started after landing and had to be dragged out of the exercise field, it left a deep impression on foreign observers watching the scene. Inspired by this, European and American countries began to establish their own airborne troops. So far, more than 80 countries in the world have airborne troops, and more than 30 of them have airborne divisions or airborne brigades.

However, parachutes have developed from simple pieces of cloth tied with ropes to today's huge families such as high-altitude parachutes, low-altitude parachutes, parafoil parachutes, throwing parachutes and powered parachutes. Armed soldiers and dozens of tons of tanks and artillery can use them to land safely.

The super mobility of airborne troops eclipsed the swift and fierce cavalry and galloping motorized troops. Long-standing operational principles, such as the military importance of highlands, the use of obstacles, the use of reserves, the coordination of support firepower, flank cover, and the use of feint and surprise attack, have all been placed in completely different positions. Wide rivers, high-cloud mountains and impenetrable rainforests are no longer a problem, because there is always an exposed sky above us.

Look, at the beginning of World War II, 100,000 German airborne troops captured the strongest fortress in the world-Elbene Neibao; At the end of World War II, Soviet airborne troops took the lead in attacking Berlin. During the Gulf War, the "flying cowboys" of the American Airborne Division 10 1 chased them to the north and drove dozens of Iraqi infantry to the American prison camp like cattle. 65438+1June, 1999 12, a Russian airborne unit consisting of 260 people suddenly appeared at Pristina Airport in Kosovo without reaching an agreement with NATO in advance, which disrupted NATO's attempt to exclude Russia from peacekeeping operations in Kosovo. In the Chechen War, Pskov Airborne Division fought bloody battles and became the sworn enemies of Chechen militants ... As a fierce and mobile armed force, this special soldier with wings is a "national weapon" of every country in the world, appearing in every game.

Sudden war, every worst battlefield.

The airborne troops in China I have experienced are a powerful force full of brilliant achievements and legends.

1950, the central military commission telegraphed all military regions and field armies, demanding that a number of combat heroes be transferred from all army units, or model classes and cadres be formed to form air force marine units. It was soon stipulated that the insufficient number of people could be by-elected from the first-class and second-class heroes. Soon, 4,763 officers and men from various units in the country gathered in the ancient city of Kaifeng.

On September 17 of that year, the first airborne unit of the People's Army-Air Force Marine 1 Brigade was formally established in Kaifeng. 196 1 year, the central military commission decided to reorganize Shangganling troops with great achievements into airborne troops. Since then, this ground soldier who opened up the base area in western Henan in the War of Liberation, moved to Huaihai, crossed the Yangtze River, swept Guangdong and Guangxi, repelled bandits from Yunnan and Guizhou, fought Ganling in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and made Americans feel frightened, creating a miracle in the history of world war. He broke through geographical restrictions and became an air force with blue sky and blue waves. In 1998 flood fighting and emergency rescue, this unit played a key role in guarding Honghu Lake and the most dangerous Jianli of the Yangtze River, which once again aroused people's memories of our heroic unit in that peaceful era when the sound of war was not heard. Many of my comrades came here under the influence of the flood control in 1998.

Cruel training

■ Why is paratrooper training so cruel? Because we shoulder the most dangerous task and go to the most dangerous battlefield. In the most successful airborne combat in World War II, the casualty rate also exceeded 70%. Therefore, we should not only develop the best physical fitness and tactics, but also develop tenacious endurance and superhuman survival wisdom.

The boring and hard training before the official skydiving should continue as planned.

The amount of training every day is amazing, which makes me feel that life is training and sweating. 5 kilometers ahead of the thunder in the morning, plus 300 meters of leapfrog, 100 push-ups, 100 weight squats, 1 5 practice the horizontal bar, 1 5 practice the parallel bars ... The monitor will also let everyone sprint around the barracks. At night, it is not less than physical training in the morning.

However, the most intense training is a professional training course of not less than 8 hours a day-umbrella training. We practice how to stand on a bumpy plane with a heavy parachute, which is the starting posture; We should practice in-situ jumping and one-step jumping, and finally practice three-step disembarkation on the simulated aircraft platform; We have to jump off the platform more than 2 meters high for thousands of times to exercise our legs and make them bear the huge impact of parachute landing; There are rings, and the practice is to keep the landing posture at high altitude. ...

Thousands of umbrellas are neatly arranged on the playground: silvery white, grass green, colored and red ... Comrades form a cooperative principal and deputy, running around on the mat, carefully arranging umbrella ropes, folding umbrellas, and shaking one umbrella after another to form an umbrella wave. ...

In front of us is a new type of umbrella developed by China in the mid-1980s. Li Huadong, the person in charge of parachute training, said that this kind of parachute has flexible operation and small landing impact, which has reached the advanced level in the world. He kept telling us that the silk of the umbrella coat and its area of nearly 80 square meters were enough for the three of us to hold together and land safely. 30 strands of umbrella rope, each filament rope can bear the weight of the heaviest person among us, and the opening rate of this umbrella is beyond doubt. ...

To our deep regret, the world-class umbrella must be folded, and it is so difficult to fold! Just looking at the umbrella folding tool is a headache: 5 fixed cones, 1 packing hook, 2 packing needles, 1 packing rope, 4 sandbags and 1 packing board. ...

The strictness of the umbrella folding procedure far exceeds the requirements of the internal standards. Checklist items 12 before closing the umbrella, from the resume of the umbrella to the stable umbrella, umbrella coat, umbrella bag, umbrella rope and connecting rope. ...

As the instructor said, you can't relax when you are an airborne soldier! Check the umbrella, fold the umbrella clothes, arrange the umbrella ropes and control belts, put the folded umbrella clothes into the slender umbrella clothes cover, put 30 strands of umbrella ropes with the length of 10 m into the wire harness cover, fold the stable umbrella, and complete the packaging ... All the work is carried out during operation. The rule of airborne troops is that all walks of life must run in the process of holding an umbrella. The monitor, platoon leader, director of umbrella training and battalion commander are all staring at you, calling you and urging you. "Pay attention to whether the umbrella rope is twisted", "whether the four threads are completely bonded", "whether the needle is locked in place" and "the rope should be folded smoothly" ... On the playground, there are squad leaders who check back and forth, as well as their sophisticated reminders and severe reprimands.

In any case, in a limited circle, the person we admire unanimously is Li Huadong. He is the captain of our parachute training-the person who shoulders the heavy responsibility of completing our parachute training and becoming a real paratrooper.

However, Li Huadong doesn't take our sacred skydiving seriously. "Skydiving is just like ordinary people can walk for paratroopers. No big deal. " During the break of umbrella training, he would let us sit together and then stand on the platform, patting his thick legs and boasting about his situation in the combat troops. "At that time, our clothes were not dry for a moment. Every morning, there are two fully armed 10 km cross-country, doing 100 push-ups, 100 pull-ups and 100 belly rolls in one breath. In the morning, individual and company tactical training often lasts until two o'clock in the afternoon. You will understand in the future. Why is paratrooper training so cruel? Because we shoulder the most dangerous task and go to the most dangerous battlefield. In the most successful airborne combat in World War II, the casualty rate also exceeded 70%. Therefore, we should not only develop the best physical fitness and tactics, but also develop tenacious endurance and superhuman survival wisdom. Why do we often practice until 2 pm in the hot sun and cold wind? Because long-term fatigue, excessive exposure and freezing will lead to decreased attention and weakened will. Why do we have to climb out of the deep ditch on the hard runway? Because in the war, we must climb over the nail house without saying a word! This is special training! The intensity and difficulty of your training now are not enough for the people's combat troops to have breakfast! "

What if the umbrella doesn't open?

■ Special circumstances are all kinds of accidents that endanger the life of parachutists during parachuting. For example, the main umbrella can't be opened, the umbrella is inserted in the air with someone else's umbrella, and it hangs on the tree when landing ... and so on.

■ Skydiving is much safer than walking on the streets of nearby cities. There are 1 1 casualties in traffic accidents in that city every day. Our troops have been parachuting safely 10 for many years.

"What if the main umbrella can't be opened?" When we jump off the platform one by one, the instructor will suddenly have a special situation.

"Open the spare umbrella!" We immediately hold the abdomen with our right hand to do a hard pressing and stretching action, and then straighten the abdomen.

Special circumstances are all kinds of accidents that endanger the life of parachutists when parachuting, such as the main umbrella is not opened, someone else's umbrella is inserted in the air, and it hangs on the tree when landing. As the day of skydiving is getting closer, there are more and more special situation assessments at all levels of division, regiment, battalion and company. Our poor rest time also gives all these strange and terrible special feelings. The umbrella coach who said skydiving was easy, he saw that we were all idle and asked us to take a stool to the basketball court for an exam. Every time the assessment results are not good, he will fly into a rage and train the whole company for half a day.

Therefore, during recess and after dinner, you can see my comrades shaking their heads and mumbling.

More than 8 categories 100 special cases, the more people are scared in the future-

If you turn over and spread your hands and feet after leaving the plane, it may cause the umbrella rope to hook a part of your body. Even if an umbrella rope is entangled in a leg, the impact of opening the umbrella will pull your leg into a comminuted fracture-think about how hard it will pull you when you descend at a speed of 50 meters per second.

If you pass within 20 meters directly above others, there will be a terrible situation in which double umbrellas fail alternately and two people fall alternately. ...

If you hang upstairs when you land, then when you fall again, it is equivalent to jumping off a building with your bare hands. ...

If you encounter an updraft in the air, you will not fall but rise; If the wind speed on the ground is high, drag it as soon as it lands; if ...

"Battalion commander, what should you do if you meet one?" Lin Fan, who has a good memory, feels more and more guilty.

"Don't those things you recite teach you how to deal with all kinds of special situations?"

"If these two umbrellas are inserted at a low altitude of 100 meters, is there still time to open the spare umbrella?"

"As long as there is 1 meter, open the spare umbrella, and don't think about whether there is still time!"

"The first mistake that recruits are most likely to make when parachuting is that they are not decisive when getting off the plane, their legs are slow, and their bodies are not tight. This is the main reason for delaying the opening of the umbrella or winding the umbrella rope. Generally, few people can do the first two parachutes, but if they can't keep up once, they must try to keep up. Second, a few seconds should not be too fast. Some people actually count to 10 in three seconds from getting off the plane to opening the umbrella, so every year someone jumps out and opens the spare umbrella. There were three people in our camp last year. Remember to count to 00 1 sec and 002 sec. If you can't feel the impact of opening the umbrella, don't hesitate to open the spare umbrella decisively. Third, no matter how you pull the umbrella, you can't turn it over, although you can boldly manipulate it. I will practice the horizontal bar (that is, pull-ups) to strengthen my arm strength these two days. In addition to avoiding friends and neighbors in the air, you should also keep one direction and don't run around; Fourth, in any case, we should keep the training landing posture, with our legs on the ground. One leg can only bear the impact of more than 200 kilograms, but the two legs can bear 1000 kilograms, so both feet must land at the same time. "

"However, on the whole, skydiving is much safer than walking on the streets of nearby cities. There are 1 1 casualties in traffic accidents in that city every day. Our troops have been parachuting safely 10 for many years. Fear is because of strangeness. Let me ask you, who will prepare a special plan when you go out by train or car? " Looking at more than 300 pairs of nervous eyes, the battalion commander ended his answer and pulled the topic back.

"An old man in the United States parachuted at the age of 87, creating a record in the history of parachuting in the world; The wedding of China world champion Wang Yongli and Sheng Jun was held in the air. People wear dresses and kiss their mouths in the air before opening their umbrellas. Forty years ago, Captain Kittinger of the United States Air Force parachuted from an altitude of 30,000 meters, and did not open his umbrella until 5,000 meters-the speed of free fall has exceeded the speed of sound-which is also a world record; I parachuted 150 times and participated in three parachuting training teams. When we jump open the umbrella, sometimes it will be delayed by more than 10 second until we smell the grass on the ground, and the captain is angry and slaps the table. "

"So, you don't be afraid of skydiving. The opening rate of our main umbrella can be said to be one in ten thousand. Let you master special handling methods, so that you are not afraid of skydiving-because you know all the unexpected handling methods; Skydiving is a science, as long as you master the rules, it is not terrible.

Jump ... jump ... jump ...

■ Paratroopers are brave incarnations, and those who can't overcome the fear of leaving the plane don't deserve to be paratroopers.

■ "Di, Di", the yellow light flashed, and the comrades got up at the same time, lifted stools, hunched over, tucked their belts, and assumed a posture of getting off the plane. The helmet carries the comrades in front, like a tiger ready to go. When the green light came on again, Gao satisfactorily waved his right hand outward, and Xiangyang had jumped out of the hatch and suddenly disappeared.

At four o'clock in the morning, the loud sound of the bugle pierced the tranquility of the mountainous area in northern Hubei.

A convoy of military vehicles roared out of our camp. "The battle hymns thundered, the motors roared, and the brave paratroopers rushed behind enemy lines ..." In a car in the front row, we new paratroopers who were about to be born in the sky shouted the battle hymns of paratroopers with their voices.

"Today, the synthetic wind at high altitude is 5.5, entering the direction of 172 and landing on the right track. The distance from the plane is slightly larger, and pay attention to the neighbors during the descent. " After the instructor finished talking about the weather, he once again reminded us of the places we should pay attention to in the air. The real skydiving is about to begin, and we all stare at each other as if to digest his every word with our eyes-even though we have heard these words thousands of times.

Opening the lead seal, laying the umbrella and tying the seven hooks, eight belts and twelve rings that are vital to our lives, we staggered towards three red detection lines: two experienced teachers were waiting for us at each detection line. From the helmet and hat to the shoulder strap, the lock needle and the spare umbrella, I finally patted the spare umbrella on my chest, gave a thumbs-up and shouted, "OK!"

When we ran to the boarding area, a small transport plane called "aerial tractor" by veterans had roared past us. This is a class-sized small propeller plane, which is specially used for our umbrella training.

In order to overcome the fear of paratroopers when they get off the plane, some countries in the world have been studying the use of pipeline launchers to airdrop paratroopers. However, in our army, we still emphasize jumping off the plane with our own feet. "Paratroopers are brave incarnations. People who can't overcome the fear of leaving the plane don't deserve to be paratroopers. " Army leaders often educate us like this. During World War II, many paratroopers had to climb out of the cabin, climb on the wings and skydive! Equipment can develop and change, but courage is always the first requirement of paratroopers.

The airflow in the sky changes greatly, and the plane rises and falls like flying on waves. The small cabin was stuffy and hot, and our paratroopers' squad leader kept joking to relax the atmosphere, although the noise of the engine made us unable to hear clearly. Hatch Xiangyang was the first parachutist. He pulled the helmet strap deep into his chin, sweating and listening carefully.

When the plane climbed to a height of 600 meters in the turbulence, the green light in the cabin lit up and two bells rang, "Didi". The monitor opened the cabin door with high force, and a strong and sober airflow rushed into the cabin. Woods, rivers and rice fields are slowly flowing under the wing, and the landing site is coming.

Reached out and touched my main umbrella and spare umbrella with high satisfaction, patted my shoulder hard and gave me a thumbs-up sign. This is the last check before parachuting. This simple touch checked 14 parts related to my safety. We all gave thumbs up. At the same time, I recited the essentials of action again.

"Di, di", the yellow light flashed, and the comrades "huo" got up at the same time, raised their stools, bowed and assumed a posture of getting off the plane. The helmet carries the comrades in front, like a tiger ready to go. When the green light came on again, Gao satisfactorily waved his right hand outward, and Xiangyang had jumped out of the hatch and suddenly disappeared. One by one, a small group of new paratroopers bravely jumped off this small aerial platform and sank into the vast and mysterious sky.

Umbrella flowers are in full bloom in the blue sky. ...