Can you write an article about saving water?

Water is not only an important raw material for industrial and agricultural production, but also a precious natural resource for human survival. Without water, there would be no life, no good natural environment and no sustainable development of social economy. Nowadays, the world has entered the era of water shortage, and there has been a global water crisis. Compared with other countries in the world, the situation of water resources and water environment in China is even more worrying: First, the total water resources in China are seriously in short supply. 1998 The per capita water consumption in China is 225 1 m3, which is only 1/4 of the world average. It is predicted that when the population of China increases to16 billion in 2030, the per capita water resources will drop to 1760 cubic meters. Secondly, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China is also very uneven. The absolute amount of water resources is less in the west and more in the east, and the per capita possession is less in the east and more in the west, showing two reverse grade distributions. Thirdly, the water environment in China is deteriorating, which leads to the decline in the availability of water resources. With the economic development, population growth and the improvement of urbanization level, the demand for water resources in China will further increase in the future. How to solve the contradiction between the shortage of water resources supply and the increase of demand has become a major issue that needs to be studied and solved urgently.

The core of sustainable utilization of water resources is to improve water use efficiency, put water conservation in a prominent position, vigorously promote water-saving measures, develop water-saving agriculture, industry and service industries, and establish a water-saving society. In order to improve the efficiency of water use, besides system innovation, water resources management system reform, establishing a reasonable water price formation mechanism, and mobilizing the enthusiasm of the whole society for water saving and water pollution prevention, it is also very important to vigorously develop and popularize water-saving technologies.

(1) Popularize agricultural water-saving technology. Agricultural water accounts for 80% of the total water consumption in China, but the waste of agricultural water is also the most serious. Irrigation water accounts for 70% of agricultural water consumption, more than half of which leaks in the middle of irrigation, and 30 ~ 35% will be wasted if flood irrigation is used. In the future, we should vigorously develop water-saving irrigation technology, and change from traditional extensive irrigation agriculture and rain-fed agriculture in dry land to water-saving and efficient modern irrigation agriculture and modern dry land agriculture. For irrigated agricultural areas, water-saving irrigation technology should focus on improving surface irrigation and popularize water-saving technologies for surface irrigation suitable for China's national conditions (such as flat land, furrow irrigation, intermittent irrigation, etc.). ). The irrigation mode of combining canal and canal is implemented in the northern canal irrigation area, and sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation can be developed in areas where conditions permit. Water conservancy projects should be coordinated with agricultural technology, implement water-saving rotation system, and promote cultivation, fertilization and drought-resistant, high-yield and high-quality varieties. In dryland agricultural areas, we should follow the principle of complementary water and drought, make full use of modern dryland agricultural technologies such as rainwater harvesting and irrigation saving, carry out basic farmland construction focusing on changing slopes into ladders, take various measures to reduce invalid evaporation, improve soil organic matter, build soil reservoirs and increase water storage capacity. At the same time, according to the water demand characteristics of different crops and local water resources conditions, adjust crop layout, optimize planting structure, and select excellent varieties.

(two) to promote industrial water-saving technology. Industrial production is also a big water user. At present, China's industrial water consumption per 10,000 yuan output value is 5 ~ 10 times that of developed countries, and there is still great potential to reduce industrial water consumption. To reduce industrial water consumption, we can start from the following three aspects: (1) Reform the production water technology to strive for less water. For example, the unit water consumption of steelmaking process in China is several times or even dozens times higher than the advanced level abroad. If the old open hearth furnace is replaced by oxygen converter, not only can the steel output be increased, but also the water consumption can be reduced by 86 ~ 90%. (2) Improve the reuse rate of water resources. The water reuse rate of foreign advanced industrial enterprises is as high as 90% or more, while the water used by enterprises in China is mostly discharged as waste water after once use. Although the reuse rate of industrial water in some water-deficient cities in China is high, there are great regional differences, and further tapping the potential can save a lot of water. (3) Explore the utilization technology of seawater and brackish water. Due to the lack of fresh water resources, coastal cities can use seawater as industrial cooling water and toilet flushing water, and north China and northwest China can develop brackish water resources.

(3) Popularize the water-saving technology of urban domestic water. Urban domestic water consumption is an important aspect of water resources consumption and another important source of water pollution. According to the data of Urban Water Resources Center of the Ministry of Construction,13 of urban domestic water in China is lost in vain due to the phenomenon of running, running, dripping and leaking during water supply and use. Due to the aging and poor quality of tap water pipes in many cities, the annual leakage of tap water pipe network in China accounts for more than 20% of the water supply, reaching 6 billion cubic meters. Faced with this situation, China should transform the water supply network through water-saving technology, develop and popularize water-saving appliances, publicize and encourage water-saving and create a water-saving city.

(four) the development, introduction and absorption of advanced pollution control technology. In addition to saving water for agriculture, industry and domestic use, it is also an important way to develop and introduce advanced pollution control technology to improve sewage treatment rate and reuse rate. Facing the increasingly serious water pollution problem, China should first strategically change "end treatment" into "source control". Actively develop and introduce foreign advanced pollution control technologies, improve the depth of urban sewage treatment, and open up the "second water source" of urban sewage. This reclaimed water can be used as urban water, industrial cooling water, environmental water, ground washing water and farmland irrigation water. This is an inevitable requirement to protect the quality of water supply and improve the water environment, and it is also the fundamental way to realize the coordinated development of urban water resources and water environment.