"Natural Language", the second volume of Chinese courseware for the eighth grade of junior high school, edited by the Ministry.

1, accumulate words such as budding, second place, falling, disappearing and snow, grasp the meaning and learn to use them.

2. Understand the relevant knowledge of phenology.

3. Master several explanation sequences of explanatory texts and explanation methods of examples.

4. Stimulate students to love nature and science.

5. Taste the concise, accurate, vivid and scientific language of this article.

design concept

Reading explanatory text focuses on accurately obtaining the knowledge information in the text and the main methods used by the author to explain this information. In learning, we can use the summary evaluation method to read. First, you can read the whole article and get all the knowledge of the object, and then evaluate the writing characteristics of the article paragraph by paragraph and sentence by sentence.

Teaching time

Two classes.

Preparation before class

Collect some agricultural proverbs.

teaching process

first kind

[teaching points]

Read the text aloud and feel the meaning of the text initially; Screen the main information and grasp the meaning of the text as a whole; Divide paragraph levels and clarify the order of article interpretation; Explore the order of local interpretation and learn the author's interpretation skills.

[Teaching steps]

Introduce a new lesson: in life, we humans communicate with language, so what about nature? Does it also have a language?

Show the collected proverbs and read them aloud. Q: What do these proverbs tell people?

Students, these are all languages unique to nature. This language is everywhere, and you can find it in the blink of an eye. Let the students talk about the natural language they know (students read their own proverbs). Like these phenomena, such as the rise and fall of vegetation and the coming and going of migratory birds, the ancient working people called them phenological phenomena. Today, let's go into nature and listen to their language.

[new class teaching]

First, sense motive: Students introduce Zhu Kezhen, and the teacher supplements.

Zhu Kezhen (1890 ~ 1974), a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, was an accomplished scientist, educator, meteorologist and geographer in the 20th century, and was known as a great man of character and knowledge. 19 10 went to study in the United States, and 19 18 received a doctorate in geology from Harvard University. After returning to China, he first served as a teacher of Wuchang Normal School, director of the Department of Geography of Southeast University and director of the Institute of Meteorology of Academia Sinica, and became the founder of modern meteorology and modern geography in China. From 65438 to 0936, he became the president of Zhejiang University. During the war in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in the hinterland of Guizhou, he turned Zhejiang University from a local university into a comprehensive university in China, and wrote a dazzling chapter in China's higher education. 1in June, 949, he served as the vice president of China Academy of Sciences. He is the author of Time and Place of the Origin of Twenty-eight Hostels, Preliminary Study on Climate Change in China in Five Thousand Years, Phenology, etc.

Second, wolf down.

1, demonstrate reading the text, students listen, mark the order of paragraphs, mark the words that are difficult to read and remember, and initially perceive the meaning of the text.

2. The teacher prompts the words that need to be accumulated (show the small blackboard)

Identify fonts and pronounce them correctly:

Shuāi forsythia qiè latitude wěi eliminate xiāo hemp fiber Sue didn't stop nao taboo silent qi ā o way

Master the following words and use them to make sentences:

Disappeared for the second time, and the snow-covered road repeated.

Third, speak freely.

What information do you get from the text? Find and summarize in the article. Free communication: (supplement)

1, what are phenology and phenology?

2. What is the significance of phenological observation to agriculture?

3. What are the factors that determine the coming of phenology?

4. What is the significance of studying phenology?

Fourth, work hard.

Read through the full text and write an explanatory brief article of about 200 words on phenology.

Students communicate in class, and the teacher simply commented that phenology knowledge is scattered all over the text. You should search carefully in your study and arrange them in an orderly way. Forming this habit will be very beneficial to making reading abstracts and accumulating special materials. You see, if we introduce it in the order of phenology definition ~ research scope ~ research method ~ research purpose and significance, wouldn't it be clear at a glance?

Fifth, express your opinions.

(Show the small blackboard) There are four different opinions about the hierarchy of this text. Choose a division that you agree with and explain the reasons.

a、 1 ~ 5 | | 6 ~ 10 | | 1 1 ~ 12

b、 1 ~ 3 | | 4 ~ 5 | | 6 ~ 10 | | 1 1 ~ 12c 1 | | 2 ~ 5 | | 6 ~ 10 | | 1 1 ~ / kloc-0/2d 1 ~ 2 | | 3 ~ 5 | | 6 ~ 10 | | 65438

Students express their opinions. The teacher knows very well that both A and B are possible. But the students found that no matter what kind of division, paragraph 6 to 10 is always a whole. Can you explore the relationship between these paragraphs?

Six, chew slowly

Students read paragraphs 6 to 10 and ask questions:

1. What are the determinants of phenology? In what order did the author introduce the determinants of phenology? (catch the key words: the first, the second, the third, and the other. ) Can the order of interpretation of the four factors that determine phenology be adjusted (or interchanged)? What are the advantages of this arrangement?

Students think and talk at the same table.

Clear: Not adjustable. These four factors are arranged according to the degree of influence, from big to small.

Latitude, longitude, the difference between high and low, and the difference between ancient and modern times are all second. In addition, latitude and longitude are different positions on the earth, the third factor is the difference in the same place, all of which are spatial factors, and the last factor is time, which is an arrangement order from space to time. The explanation of the four factors is led by a rhetorical question, followed by the first, second and third conjunctions, which makes this part clear and easy to accept.

2. What explanation methods does the author mainly use to explain the influence of these factors respectively?

Clear: give an example. (Find and analyze) For example, in March and April in early spring, peach blossoms in Nanjing bloom 20 days earlier than those in Beijing. The influence of latitude on phenology is explained. But sometimes, in order to explain the object more thoroughly, you can give more examples.

Seven, throw a brick to attract jade: "Peach Blossom in Dalin Temple"

Students read poems together and understand them. Qing: Dalin Temple is at the top of Lushan censer peak. The poet visited Dalin Temple in early summer. In April, it was the time when spring returned to the plain, but the poet was surprised to find that this ancient mountain temple was actually blooming with peach blossoms. The poet was sad for the passing of spring, but after revisiting the spring scene, he was overjoyed and suddenly realized that spring had turned here.

This poem just illustrates the third factor that affects phenology-height difference: the phenological phenomena such as flowering and flowering of plants in spring and summer are higher and later.

Eight, class summary

This article is an expository article. The author introduces a science-phenology in an easy-to-understand and interesting way. The full text is explained in logical order, and the thinking is clear and clear: describing phenological phenomena-making scientific explanations-investigating causality-expounding research significance. This way of understanding and writing from phenomenon to essence is worth learning. The article also tells us that science is around us and not far away from us. Let's get in touch with science at zero distance, so as to love science.

Homework: The language of this article is rigorous and vivid, both scientific and vivid. It is a valuable popular science article. Read the text carefully and extract elegant words and beautiful sentences from it.

Blackboard design:

Natural language

continuously

The essence of phenomenon ~ ~ ~

Describe the phenological phenomenon-make a scientific explanation-investigate the causal relationship-explain the research significance.

The second part is the teaching concept

This is an expository article introducing phenology knowledge. It is the focus of this paper to tell things vividly and orderly, and to explain the language accurately, vividly and concisely. In this paper, examples are used to illustrate things, what their functions are, and whether the cited examples can be replaced by other examples is a difficult point in learning.

The teaching of expository writing should embody stylistic features. When teaching this article, we should guide students to understand the object and its characteristics, make clear the order and organization of explanation, and understand the characteristics of the language used to explain things. Through study, we can master the characteristics of expository writing so as to apply what we have learned. Cultivating students' ability of analysis and generalization is the focus of this teaching.

This article arranges two classes.

first kind

Teaching content and steps

First, stimulate interest and introduce new lessons.

Spring, summer, autumn and winter, the stars move; Plants flourish and wither, migratory birds come and go, and nature is rich and colorful. So, what do these colorful phenological phenomena have to do with human beings? Why protecting nature is protecting human beings themselves? With these questions, let's learn natural language together.

Second, students read the first paragraph of the preview tips together and grasp the content explained in this article as a whole.

Third, learn words. Show a small blackboard or use multimedia teaching. Words are displayed in the window, students are called to read aloud, and each reading shows a pronunciation. )

The grass is dying, and so is the temple.

forsythia

This difference is poor and uneven.

Observe Taoist temple

Sowing cultivation

Fallen leaves and stiff neck.

Read each word twice and pronounce it correctly.

Read the text freely, mark the order of paragraphs, and finish the exercises after class.

5. According to the four questions in the after-class exercise 1, find out the relevant first and last paragraphs and divide the structure of the article.

The first part (13): Introduce what is phenology and phenology.

Part II (4-5): The importance of phenological observation to agriculture.

The third part (6- 10): Explain the factors that determine the coming of phenology.

The fourth part (1 1- 12): the significance of studying phenology.

Learn the first part of the text.

(1) Read the first paragraph together.

Thinking: 1. What does this paragraph mainly describe?

2. In what order is this paragraph interpreted? Mark the relevant words.

Cleared: 1. This passage describes the rich phenological phenomena in all seasons with beautiful and vivid landscape style.

This paragraph is written in chronological order of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The word for time is: two months after beginning of spring, it turned to autumn to prepare for it, and it was well organized.

Question: What words are used to describe the phenology of all seasons? Carefully ponder and savor.

A: When I started writing, I personified the earth with words such as sleeping and waking up, giving people rich phenological associations. Generally speaking, the awakening of the earth has three phenological phenomena: the melting of snow and ice, the forward growth of vegetation, and the opening of various flowers, which outline a vibrant spring scene and appear very stretched. The first word describes the lively scene of spring flowers in full bloom, and depicts the vivid picture of the awakening of the earth with three verbs: melting, germination and opening. Writing about the return of swallows is very lightly decorated, and writing about swallows' light body and flying posture is very vivid, reminding people of the sight of new swallows, who have all entered our home. Write about autumn leaves, write about the cold in autumn with the word clump, and write about the process of leaf withering and withering with gradual yellowing. The writing is vivid and vivid, which makes people feel like hearing its voice and seeing its scenery. In addition, words such as flying geese in the south, disappearing, withered grass and Snowy Road are concise and vivid. The author writes that nature seems to be spiritual and says that he is ready for the winter on snowy roads. Since you are spiritual and can speak, it is logical to describe phenology as a natural language by anthropomorphic means in the next paragraph. This explanation is vivid, accurate and vivid, just like showing a picture of the four seasons.

(2) Learn the second and third paragraphs.

Read these two paragraphs silently, and then summarize the meaning of the paragraphs.

The second natural paragraph: illustrate what is natural language with examples.

Paragraph 3: Explain what phenology and phenology are.

Question: What examples are used in this paragraph to illustrate what a natural language is?

Answer by name, and the teacher summarizes.

(See the blackboard below)

Trees and plants are booming, and apricot blossoms spread the message that peach blossoms on cultivated land mean planting millet.

Migratory birds come, cuckoos sing, cut wheat and insert hay.

This paper personifies animals and plants with words such as implied singing, which greatly enhances the vividness of the explanation.

During this period, plants and trees are allowed to flourish and wither, and migratory birds come to explain what natural language is and arrange the order of agriculture according to time. Vivid and easy to understand.

Question: In what order is the third paragraph interpreted?

Roll call answer: from ancient times to modern times, from origin to development, from knowledge to science, clear pronunciation and mellow voice.

Carefully understand the accuracy and rigor of the explanation language.

Many people talk about quantity and scope, not generalization, but strict wording.

Plants flourish and dead trees bloom, and animals keep in touch with swallows, which is very rigorous, reflecting the author's careful organization of sentences.

7. Summarize this lesson.

The first part of this paper starts with concrete and vivid phenological phenomena, from the superficial to the deep, from the phenomenon to the essence, and clearly explains what is natural language (explanation) and what is phenology and phenology, which is very clear. In addition, the vivid description enhances the vividness and interest of the explanation.

Eight, homework:

1. Be familiar with the first paragraph and carefully taste the vivid language of landscape writing.

2. Master the six disyllabic words learned in this article.

3. Make sentences with words such as rustling, disappearing and falling.

Second lesson

Teaching content and steps

First, review old knowledge and learn new knowledge.

1. Dictate the words learned in the last lesson.

2. Read the first paragraph by name.

Second, teach new lessons.

(-) Read the fourth and fifth paragraphs by name, and then summarize the meaning of the paragraphs. This part mainly introduces the importance of phenological observation to agriculture.

Question: Where do you write about the importance of phenological observation to agriculture? How to explain it? What's the role?

The importance of phenological observation is written from two aspects: observation means and data meaning. Observation means: living instruments and living biological data reflect the synthesis of climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity, and also reflect the influence of climatic conditions on organisms. It is relatively simple to apply them to agriculture, and it is easy to master the illustrative methods used in this paper. The fifth paragraph explains the importance of phenology to agriculture from the opposite side, which is more convincing.

(2) Read paragraphs 6 to 10 silently.

Thinking: What are the factors that determine the coming of phenology? What is the order of instructions?

What explanation methods are used? What's the role?

1. There are four factors that determine the coming of phenology:

The first is latitude (7)

The second factor is the difference in longitude (8)

The third factor is the difference between high and low (9)

In addition, there are differences between ancient and modern times (l0)

primary

(3)

Not very important

Time in space

Question: Can the four factors that determine phenology come in another order? Why?

The answer is no, because the influence of these four factors is different. From big to small, from major to minor, arranged in turn, very organized. In addition, the first three are all spatial factors, and the last one is time factors.

2. Examples are the main explanation methods of this article.

Students make some comments on the examples in paragraphs 6 to 10, and pay attention to the language of the examples.

(1) Early spring in March and April: Peach blossoms in Nanjing bloom 20 days earlier than those in Beijing.

Late May and early May: Nanjing Robinia pseudoacacia blooms only ten days earlier than Beijing.

(Latitude factor)

Forsythia suspensa and plum blossom in Dalian are one week later than in Beijing.

Another example: Jinan apples bloom in mid-April or Grain Rain Festival, and Yantai will go to the long summer.

(longitude difference)

For example, at the turn of autumn and winter, there is frost at the foot of the mountain and no frost on the mountainside.

It is very successful to introduce tropical crops into the mountainside in the southern hilly areas, but it is not suitable at the foot of the mountain.

④ In early spring, the annual average value of 10 for seven trees ranged from 174 1 750 to 192 1 to 1930.

Compared with the flowering date, the latter is 9 days earlier than the former.

(ancient and modern differences)

The application of these examples can make readers understand phenological phenomena more specifically; The cause of this disease is convincing.

(3) Read paragraphs 1 1 and 12 together.

Thinking: What is the significance of studying phenology? Mark the answers to the questions in the book. )

(1) The first thing is to forecast the farming season and choose the sowing date.

(2) Phenological data have important reference value for arranging crop zoning and determining the date of afforestation and seed collection.

③ Imported plants can also be used in areas with the same phenological conditions.

④ It can also be used to avoid or reduce the harm of pests.

3. After studying this article, we know that phenological observation is closely related to agricultural production and our life and survival. So, how should we protect nature and the environment for human survival? (speak freely in combination with reality. )

Organize students to discuss and speak, and cultivate students' awareness of protecting the ecological environment.

Fourth, after learning this, do you know what role the article plays in natural language?

Using natural language to personify nature makes phenology lively and interesting, which implicitly explains the significance of phenology to agricultural arrangement. Such a title is vivid and literary.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary.

The rich and vivid phenological phenomena introduced in this paper are well organized. The first part is the basis of explanation, and the second part is the summary of the first part. In short, from the overall structure of the article, it is clear and logical. In addition, the arrangement of paragraphs in a part and the order of sentences in a paragraph are also orderly, either in chronological order, or from main to secondary, from general to special.

The language is very vivid, mainly reflected in the first natural paragraph and the second natural paragraph. These two paragraphs are arranged in chronological order.

It is emotional to write phenological phenomena in anthropomorphic ways. This writing method, which includes explanation in vivid description, enhances the vividness and interest of the explanatory text.

Sixth, homework after class.

1. Give examples to illustrate the usage of several kinds of stationery. (About 200 words)

2. Write an explanatory essay about my bedroom in 300-400 words.