Disease description of Yersinia pestis

Y. Yersinia pestis, commonly known as Yersinia pestis, is the pathogen of plague. Plague is a serious infectious disease caused by natural foci of people and animals. Most of human plague is infected by flea bites of infected rats, which belongs to legal Class A infectious diseases in China.

Until the end of19th century, Yersinia pestis was isolated and named. This kind of bacteria is a natural focus disease of rodents, which is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate, and is easy to cause a pandemic. There were three pandemics from the 6th century to19th century. This bacterium mainly involves skin and lymph nodes, followed by sepsis, pneumonia and meningitis.

At present, there are only a few scattered cases in individual areas such as Qinghai. During World War II, the Japanese invaders used Yersinia pestis to make bacterial weapons, which was popular in Northeast China at that time. There are still sporadic cases around the world. In a few countries such as India, Vietnam and Myanmar, hundreds of sporadic cases occur every year. 1994, plague broke out in India, and the mortality rate was as high as 10% ~ 30%. In the United States, statistics show that there are about 20 cases of Yersinia infection every year, of which 20% involve the lungs. Untreated patients are in danger, and early treatment can greatly reduce the mortality rate.