Why did Wenchuan rebuild on the ruins? Answer from the perspective of disaster prevention. Thank you.

At 5:49 pm on August 5, an aftershock with a magnitude of 6.1 occurred in Qingchuan County, killing one person and injuring 23 others. Previously, on August 1, an aftershock with a magnitude of 6.1 occurred in Pingwu and Beichuan areas, causing 231 injuries and the collapse of more than 2,000 houses. In the past two or three months, aftershocks have continued in the earthquake area and secondary disasters have occurred frequently. Wenchuan County in the Minjiang River Gorge has become a "towering" ruin. Most of the approximately 30,000 people in Weizhou Town, where the county is located, still live in tents.

Government officials at all levels from Aba Prefecture to Wenchuan County have received clear instructions from their superiors: Wenchuan "rebuilds in situ." It is understood that on August 8, the Wenchuan County Government will hold a meeting to discuss the specific reconstruction plan, and the overall plan will be reported to superiors on the 10th. Today, the original site reconstruction plan, led by the County Development and Reform Commission, has roughly taken shape.

Qiang Village on the Clouds

The "6·18" mass migration of the Qiang people in Wenchuan is indeed epic and tragic.

“The nation on the clouds” is the reputation people give to the Qiang people. It sounds very romantic, but living on the high mountains and cliffs is more of a hardship.

Longxi Township is a township inhabited by the Qiang people on the east bank of the Zagunao River in the northwest of Wenchuan County. Qiang villages are scattered on the cliffs on both sides of Longxi Gorge. The highest village is the Mafang Group in Damen Village, with an altitude of 2,780 meters, followed by the Xige Group in Huapo Village, with an altitude of 2,600 meters. The villages of Bulan and Longxi are also All are above 2,000 meters above sea level. In mid-to-early June, the Longxi Qiang people, whose villages had almost all collapsed, had to face the threat of mudslides as the rainy season approaches - some villages are now located in or near large-scale landslides. Once heavy rains fall continuously, the entire village will collapse. It may be carried away by mudslides. Under this situation, the Wenchuan County Government organized the Longxi Township Qiang people to carry out the "6·18" large-scale relocation.

On that day, the villagers sold their livestock at a low price, carried firewood, bedding, and some furniture dug out from the ruins, and moved from the mountain to the temporary settlement site pre-built by the government in Yulong - although The conditions in the resettlement sites are also very difficult, with no water or electricity, but they are relatively safe after all. The long relocation team circled among the towering mountains.

Unexpectedly, a month later, most of the Qiang people who had been transferred from the mountains returned to the mountains under the persuasion of the government. After returning, many villagers found that they had nothing in their homes, their livestock were gone, and their fields were dry.

When the reporter arrived at Longxi Village, the villagers had just returned for more than a week, and many families had only some potatoes left to survive. An aunt burst into tears when she talked about it. The government's relief funds and relief grains were only distributed for a month. Even if the government's relief money and grains were distributed in time, the days when the villagers of Longxi Village could rebuild their homes were still far away - the old village was located in a On large landslides, it is impossible to rebuild in situ, and the only possible reconstruction point is the villagers' farmland. If they rebuild on farmland, where can they make a living in the future?

A villager in Baipo Village said humorously: "Why are we called 'Baopo Village'? It's because the slopes collapse every year. After the earthquake, there is nothing we can do, even the water source is gone. Otherwise, We are not willing to leave." He pointed to the shaken mountains on both sides of the resettlement site and said that it is actually not safe here, and there is no way - "There is no way" and "I don't know" have become the mantras of Wenchuan people.

Zhang Tongrong, the executive deputy magistrate of Wenchuan County, is a rare talent and has a good reputation among the people of Wenchuan. In the past two months, whether it was the large-scale migration of the Gaoshan Qiang people or the subsequent forced relocation, it was he who was the government's perseverance to persuade the villagers.

"When there was no other way, we did ideological work for the villagers and asked them to move down the mountain. But after moving to Yulong, the problem came again, because the temporary resettlement site occupied Yulong's The people of Yulong have stopped cultivating the land," Zhang Tongrong said. As the conflict intensified, he could only take expedient measures to persuade the villagers of Longxi to return home temporarily.

It is not difficult to imagine the heavy pressure the deputy county magistrate is under.

It is understood that Wenchuan County originally had 106,500 acres of cultivated land. As a result of the earthquake, 42,000 acres of land were lost, 48,000 acres were seriously damaged, and only more than 10,000 acres of cultivated land remained. In other words, nearly half of Wenchuan’s cultivated land has completely disappeared.

So, how will the rebuilt Wenchuan solve the production and living problems of the 50,000 rural population in the future?

Where will residents of Weizhou go?

Weizhou Town is the county seat of Wenchuan. It is famous in history for guarding the key points. However, before liberation, the population of Weizhou Town was not large, and most of them lived in the Jiangweicheng area on the mountain. After the earthquake, the Minjiang River was cut off for 10 minutes. The government moved the entire city's residents to a safe haven, which was Jiangweicheng.

After liberation, people began to thrive in the narrow strip of Minjiang River Valley under Jiangwei City. Today, Weizhou Town has a permanent population of 30,000, plus 7,000 students from Aba Teachers College and migrant populations. Nearly 40,000 people. People not only took advantage of the originally narrow alluvial fan of the Minjiang River Valley, but also encircled the river to create farmland. Such frequent human activities have brought unprecedented burdens to the Minjiang River Valley - the new real estate Times Square is now deeply embedded in the surrounding collapsed mountains. Clear evidence. Today, several thousand students from Ah Normal College have been evacuated, and the remaining nearly 30,000 people either go out to see relatives and friends, or live in tents set up everywhere.

There are only a few cultivated lands in Wenchuan that can be used to build centralized resettlement sites: one is located in Yanmen Township, which can resettle 2,057 households; the other is located in Qipangou, which can resettle 1,200 households. 3.5 km and 4 km. In addition, there are still 239 acres of arable land available in Mianhui Town, which can only accommodate 2,958 households after leaving sufficient safety distances. However, it is also threatened by landslides and rising floods, and there is no safe land available in other towns.

Due to the shortage of prefabricated houses, the Wenchuan County Government promulgated relevant regulations around August 1, giving priority to urban "three noes" people to move into prefabricated houses. After the resettlement of the above-mentioned people is completed, they will be resettled by government agencies. staff. If people with "three noes" in urban areas give up living in prefabricated houses, they can receive a monthly subsidy of about 90 yuan.

However, because they are too far from the city, life is inconvenient, and the prefabricated houses are built on humid farmland beside the Minjiang River. Many people who live in the prefabricated houses have already suffered from rheumatism. They all retreated to their tents in the city. Ordinary urban residents and government workers living in tents have become agitated and on the verge of collapse.

Children’s Future

The direct reason why the reporter went to Wenchuan was because he heard that Yingxiu Primary School in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan, will resume classes in prefabricated houses built on the original site before August 15.

Yingxiu Town is the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Yingxiu Primary School has a total of 473 students, and 225 people were killed. Tan Guoqiang, the principal of the school, his wife and children were all killed, and his hair turned gray almost overnight. "Classes have just resumed in a place where hundreds of students died, and there are mass graves in Yingxiu nearby. How will these children study? How will they grow?" Wenchuan painter Tang Zhuoma couldn't help but burst into tears during an interview.

However, insiders said that there was no other way. After Yingxiu Primary School decided to resume classes in place, parents stopped making trouble. How can primary school children make their own decisions? Many teachers naturally do not want to stay there, so they can only find ways to change their environment.

During the interview at Yingxiu Primary School, a female student happened to be led by her grandmother to register. Her grandmother told reporters that the girl's mother was crazy and her father died in the earthquake. She had no financial means and had to send her to Shanxi to study. There was no fee for studying there, including living expenses.

"If I had the ability, I would not send her to such a far place." said the child's grandmother. The girl also said that she would rather stay in Yingxiu Primary School than go to Shanxi. For her, Shanxi is far away.

Wang Lei, the deputy county magistrate in charge of cultural and educational affairs in Wenchuan, said that in Wenchuan, except for primary schools in Sanjiang Township, Shuimo Town, Baishi Village, Shuitianping Village and Yingxiu Town, as well as county kindergartens, classes have resumed at their original locations, and there are about 13,000 other students. They had to choose to resume classes in other places: 1,400 students and 200 teachers from Sangping Middle School in Wenchuan County went to Country Garden in Guangdong; 1,200 teachers and students from Xuankou Middle School will be accepted by Shanxi Changzhi City and Lubao Group; 3,100 students from Weizhou Middle School will be transferred to Chengdu Longquanyi Sunshine Sports City resumed classes; Weizhou Primary School moved to Zigong to resume classes; Yanmen Primary School was relocated to Sichuan Zizhong; Longxi Primary School resumed classes in Yibin; and the special education center that accepted many high-mountain Qiang students was moved to Xichang because The journey is long, and many parents have chosen to drop their children out of school... In order to arrange for these more than 13,000 students to resume classes in other places, Wang Lei and others have endured humiliation and endured hardships.

Some media said that this is a "scenery" unique to Wenchuan among all counties and cities in the earthquake-stricken area. Because there is no place to resume classes in Wenchuan.

Next, what about students’ living expenses? "There are only three sources of income that we can count on: counterpart support, charity donations and national policy subsidies." Wang Lei said.

In addition, Aba Prefecture Normal School and Weizhou Normal School for Nationalities, located in Weizhou Town, Wenchuan, are directly under the Provincial Department of Education and the State Education Bureau respectively, and have made their own arrangements to resume classes in other places. When the reporter met Principal Ma of Aba Normal College, he was obviously overwhelmed - not only did he have to arrange for the school to resume classes in two different places, Pengzhou and Pixian, but he also had to travel around to raise funds for the school's operation.

Reconstruction on the original site

Wenchuan belongs to an ethnic minority area and has made great contributions to the development of the country. When the Wolong National Nature Reserve was established, Gengda and Wolong in Wenchuan were included in it, accounting for almost half of the original land area of ??Wenchuan. In the past few years, when the Zipingpu Reservoir was built, Baihua Township, Laoxuankou Town, and some villages in Yingxiu and Shuitang in Wenchuan were flooded. At that time, Dujiangyan had promised to transfer Yutang's land to Wenchuan as compensation, but later nothing happened. Wenchuan has also not profited from the power generated by the Zipingpu Hydropower Station.

Yutang Town was once considered by some to be the best choice for off-site reconstruction in Wenchuan. At that time, Yutang put up banners and slogans such as "No inch of land will be given away." Breaking down administrative divisions will naturally involve the interests of all aspects.

Professor Yin Zhi of Tsinghua University once proposed the policy of “reducing scale and relaxing functions” for the reconstruction of Wenchuan. In Professor Yin Zhi’s vision, Sichuan Province should allocate two “enclaves” to Wenchuan as industrial land and educational land. Of course, this is just the original idea of ??experts.