Five characteristics of le corbusier architecture

The le corbusier (Le Corbusier18871016/27 August, 965), formerly known as Charles Edouard Jeannert-Gris, is the most famous building in the 20th century. Together with walter gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, he is called the main representative of modern architecture or international architecture. Also translated as Kirby.

His rich and varied works and architectural philosophy have profoundly influenced the urban appearance and contemporary lifestyle in the 20th century. From the early white villa buildings, Marseille apartments to Langxiang Church, from the reconstruction planning of Paris to Changgar New Town, from Towards New Architecture to Magic Capital, his ever-changing architectural and urban ideas always leave followers behind. Corbusier is the insurmountable peak of modern architecture and the inexhaustible source of architectural thought.

Le corbusier was born in a small town near the French border in the northwest of Switzerland. His parents are engaged in the manufacture of clocks and watches. When I was a teenager, I studied in the watch technical school in my hometown, and I was interested in art. 1907 studied architecture in Budapest and Paris, studied under the famous architect Auguste Perret who used reinforced concrete in Paris, and then worked in Bachlens, Germany. Peter Behrens Affairs is famous for trying to design novel industrial buildings with new architectural treatment methods, where he met walter gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe who worked there at the same time. They influenced each other and jointly created the trend of modern architecture. He also went to Greece and Turkey and visited ancient buildings and folk buildings.

Le corbusier settled in Paris on 19 17, engaged in painting and sculpture at the same time, co-edited the magazine "New Spirit" with painters and poets of neo-cubism, and took the pen name of le corbusier according to his grandfather's surname. In the first issue, he wrote: "A new era has begun, which is rooted in a new spirit, a constructive and comprehensive new spirit with clear goals." Later, he sorted out some articles about architecture published in it, and published a solo book "Towards New Architecture", which vehemently denied the conservative architectural views and retro architectural styles since19th century, praised the achievements of modern industry, put forward that "our times decide our own styles every day" and praised the working methods of engineers. "Engineers are driven by economic laws and guided by mathematical formulas, so that we can be consistent with the laws of nature and achieve harmony." It puts forward that "housing is a living machine" and advocates building houses on a large scale by industrialized methods. "The primary task of architecture is to promote the reduction of construction costs and reduce the components of houses." Architectural design emphasizes that "the original form is a beautiful form" and praises simple geometric form. The architectural design of le corbusier gives full play to the characteristics of frame structure. Because the wall is no longer load-bearing, he can design large horizontal long windows. Some of his designs were not accepted by people at that time, and many were rejected. However, these structures and design forms were later popularized and applied by other architects, such as retreating apartments and exhibition halls with cable structures. He is a pioneer in many aspects of architectural design and has had a very wide influence on modern architectural design.

Le corbusier also put forward many ideas about urban planning. He opposed the trend of thought against big cities at that time and advocated brand-new urban planning. He believes that it is possible to maintain a high population density and form a quiet and hygienic urban environment under the conditions of modern technology. He first proposed the idea of high-rise buildings and interchanges, which was very far-sighted. He always stood at the forefront of the development trend of architecture in the 1920s and 1930s, and promoted the modernization of architectural design and urban planning.

During World War II, he lived in the countryside and later went to work in India and Africa. After the war, his architectural design style changed obviously, from focusing on function to focusing on form. From attaching importance to modern industrial technology to attaching importance to folk architectural experience; From the pursuit of smooth to the pursuit of rough and old, and sometimes there is a primitive taste. Therefore, he is still in the leading position in the post-war new architectural school. Until his death, his design ideas greatly inspired architects all over the world. His designs often cause great controversy. Notre Dame de Paris designed by him has a strange appearance, which makes the old school extremely angry, but it is regarded as a classic by the reformers. His plan for the headquarters of the League of Nations in Geneva caused a long debate among judges and was finally rejected by politicians. His Marseille apartment was sued by the French Landscape Protection Association and later became a local attraction; His planning and architectural design for Algiers was rejected by the municipal authorities, but later this step-by-step design method was adopted by many coastal countries in Africa and the Middle East.

Le corbusier —— Five Features of New Architecture

Master of modern architecture, one of the most important architects in this century, progressive and main commander of modern architectural movement. 1928, together with w Gropius and mies van der Rohe, he organized the international modern architecture association.

The main advocate of le corbusier's modernist architecture and the important founder of machine aesthetics published his masterpiece Towards New Architecture in 1923, in which he proposed that the house is a "living machine". 1926 put forward five characteristics of the new building:

1. Independent columns are used at the bottom of the building;

2. Roof garden; 3. Free plane; 4. Transverse long window; 5. Free facade.

His innovative ideas and unique opinions have had a strong influence on academic architecture. The representative works of this period include Savoi Villa (1928- 1930), Swiss Student Apartment and Platform Villa.

Savoi Villa: Embodiment of Architectural Ideal —— Perfect combination of three elements of sunshine, air and green space with five points of new building.

A set of building system-slab-column bearing system is put forward.

Social ideal-standardization of parts and components, mechanized production, able to bear social responsibility. It embodies the indelible classical complex in European psychology.

After World War II, his architectural style has changed obviously, which is characterized by his free organic form.

I especially like to show fair-faced reinforced concrete without decoration after demoulding. Representative works named after this style include Marseille Apartment, Langxiang Church, Palace of Chandigarh and La Tu Hai Monastery. Among them, the external form and internal mystery of Langxiang Church have gone beyond the scope of Christianity and returned to the prehistoric tomb form of Stonehenge, which is considered as a masterpiece of modern architecture.

Le corbusier is also an expert in urban planning. He has done a lot of research and design on urban planning, including Chandigarh's planning.

Langxiangtang: Citroen load-bearing system, with strange shape and curved wall. There are three small niches around the main space, and the top of each niche is a "tower" that has been pulled up. Stick out of the roof. The facade has changed a lot. Taking the Mediterranean folk houses as the ideological source, the internal spatial relationship is similar to the inner hall and surrounding space of the Pantheon.

Its architectural form and space prove that Corbusier has extraordinary imagination and vividly reflects the characteristics of modern western religions.

Residential Design in le corbusier: The Origin of Architectural Design;

Le Corbusier's life is related to housing design, and his greatest contribution is housing, which is the initial and direct carrier of people and space. Therefore, whether an architect is excellent or not can be measured by residential design. By analyzing these small residential models, we know that Corbusier is looking for new designers for each design.

Corbusier designed the first house in his hometown of Switzerland (1905), which was completely local in style and geometrically decorated inside and outside. The owner is a jeweler in an art school on the second floor. Corbusier completed this virgin building under the recommendation of his teacher, when he was only 17 years old.

19 14 Corbusier foresaw the birth of modern architecture through domino houses. He once designed mass-produced houses and white experimental rooms for laborers, including minimalist houses. At the same time, Cobb also invented the construction method for unskilled technicians. Local houses designed for regional differences are also Cobb's domain. Corbusier's work is very similar to that of anthropologists in the construction industry. He is interested in housing-related types all over the world, and Cobb also studies housing based on primitive huts, housing for war victims and inch-method system in non-Western Europe. Through a large number of residential designs, Corbusier's concern for human beings was expressed.

Le corbusier Architecture is an imaginative architect.

Le corbusier is an imaginative architect. His interpretation of the ideal city, his understanding of the natural environment and his strong belief and reverence for tradition are quite unique. As an internationally influential architect and urban planner, he is a rare talent who is good at using popular styles-he can perfectly combine the rolling elements of fashion with the rough and exquisite factors. He designs with grids and cubes, and often uses simple geometric figures, ordinary squares, circles and triangles to build seemingly simple patterns. As an artist, le corbusier knows the importance of controlling volume, surface and outline, which is also reflected in a large number of abstract sculpture patterns he created. Therefore, in le corbusier's design, a vivid visual effect is dominated by a large number of patterns, and its architectural model is transformed into architectural objects, just like an artist carving and cutting on a clay mold. Through careful design, under the contrast of light and shade, he succeeded in maximizing the limited space and produced good visual effects.

What are the five major features of the new buildings in le corbusier, France: le corbusier, 1887, 10.06- 1965.08.27, also translated by Charles Edward Jeanette-Grice, on 1887.655. Known as the originator of modernist architecture and the richest architect in the 20th century. He, together with walter gropius and Mies van der Rohe, is called the main representative of modern architecture school or international architecture school. He devoted his life to the design of modern high-rise buildings, leaving many classic works handed down from generation to generation.

What are the five characteristics of the new building? 1930, Corbusier put forward "five characteristics of new buildings" in his own residential design, namely:

(1) Single-supported overhead ground floor, the main use part of the house is placed above the second floor, and the ground floor is completely or partially vacated, leaving independent columns;

(2) Roof garden;

(3) free plane;

(4) transverse long window;

(5) free facade.

Characteristics of Brazilian Architecture basilica is a public building in ancient Rome, which is characterized by a rectangular plane, a circle of colonnade on the outside, the main entrance on the long side, the ear room on the short side, and a strip arch ticket as the roof. Later church buildings originated in basilica, but the main entrance was changed to a short side. The word basilica comes from Greek, which means "the king's hall". The full name of Latin is rectangular hall. Originally a luxury building in a big city, it was used as a palace or a big shopping mall.

The main features of western architecture are stone houses, bamboo houses, diaojiao houses, three-way houses and quadrangles. Mainly from the nation, culture, customs, characteristics, aesthetics. From its composition, it comes from natural conditions such as life, climate, geography and topography, which together form the characteristics of architecture.

Xi 'an Ancient Architecture Features Xi 'an Ancient Architecture is represented by the Ming City Wall, taking the Bell and Drum Tower and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda as examples. Wood and brick are the main building materials, and wood structure is the main structural form.

What are the characteristics of Gaudi architecture? Curves, using natural elements, are colorful and bold, and are integrated with geometric forms.

Characteristics of architecture in Qin Dynasty The residential buildings in Qin and Han Dynasties are the product of the highly developed stage of China's architectural culture, showing a trend of modularization and unification. The buildings in Qin and Han Dynasties were mainly brick and wood structures, and the so-called "Qin Brick and Han Tile" was a summary of residential buildings in Qin and Han Dynasties. As the development stage of residential culture, Qin and Han dynasties inherited each other and formed the same style, so academic circles often compare them.

Houses are mainly adobe bricks.

The city mainly burns bricks.

Battlements are mainly rammed earth and also made of stones.

Streets are mainly flat soil.

The characteristics of Mayan architecture found the following information:

1 Mayan architecture is different from Greek, Roman and Gothic architecture. Although there are regional characteristics, the style is basically unified. There are signs that the thatched cottage with spires on both sides of the roof where Maya lived is the prototype of stone arch architecture. This theory is not unrealistic. The thatched cottage where ordinary people live, after more than 2000 years of baptism, remains the same. This thatched cottage is rectangular with rounded corners, 22 feet long and 65,438+02 feet wide. Its walls are made of branches and mud or unpolished stones, and the height is no more than 7 feet. On this basis, a pillar structure is 12 or 15 feet high to support two sloping thatched cottages.

We can see the description of this kind of hut in the descriptions of the walls and murals in the post-classical period, and the foundation of this kind of hut was found in the early level standard of a palace in Siaq, Ukraine. From the inside, this thatched cottage is very similar to a stone building. We can see the origin of the original idea of the stone arm vault through the slope inside the thatched roof.

Masons are rich in raw materials. There are many building materials that are easy to process. Local limestone can also be used to make lime, and many sedimentary rocks are used to make mortar gravel. Considering the high wisdom and strong religious enthusiasm of the ancient Mayans, there is no doubt that they will build a great religious building. Apart from their own direct economic needs, no activity can consume them so much energy and time.

The oldest example of Mayan architecture

It can be inferred that there were no stone buildings in the early stage of the formation of Wu Vasigh Tun. However, in the late stage of its formation, low stone walls appeared. People have to ask whether the stone building has been built at this time, and the wall unearthed from Carnell pottery may be the residue of a low retaining wall, which is used to support the perishable superstructure. At the end of this period, we found the first large stone building, which is a pyramid supporting a temple made of branches and thatch.

The earliest known Mayan stone building is a plaster-covered pyramid E-VII-Sub in Vasigh. It is very well preserved. Soon after its completion, it was covered by a pyramid made of coarse stone and gypsum. This pyramid aims to protect and preserve it. The surface of the latter building is also decorated with many plaster covers. The top of the latter pyramid is so small that it is obviously impossible to build a stone building. Similarly, it is impossible for the top of the former to support any stone building. Four column holes were found on the gypsum floor below the pyramid. Obviously, these four column holes are used to support the corner columns of hay and branches. This gypsum-covered pyramid has a staircase every week and is decorated with 16 rectangular gypsum ornaments or masks. This is a miracle of early Mayan architecture. Although it is made of mud and stone with only one building foundation, it should be regarded as the first stone building.

A stone vault with supporting arms

When introducing the details of stone tablets and pottery in the period of 8. 14.0.0 (AD 3 17) in Wa Siaq, we found the earliest Mayan stone vault, and the first stone vault was probably built in 8. 12.0.0 (AD 278).

When the stone vault entered Siaq, its use seemed to spread widely, and it was introduced to Copan in the southeast in 9.0.0.0.0 (AD 435). 9.2.0.0.0 was introduced to Oxkent, Yucatan Peninsula in the northwest, 9.6. 10.0.0 (A.D. 564) and Longtu, Yucatan Peninsula in the northeast, 9. 10.0.0 or maybe earlier.

At the end of the classical period, namely 10.3.0.0 (AD 889), stone vaults were almost everywhere in Maya area, but their use was limited to this area, and their application was not found in other neighboring areas. Its westernmost part can extend to Macard, Tabasco, its easternmost part can extend to Papart and Asumita, and in Guatemala in the southeast, except.

Lime cement and beam roof

In addition to the stone vault of the supporting arm, the flat-topped lime-cast column beam roof is often found in Mayan buildings. In classical times, they appeared in Piedras Negras, Wu Vasiac Tun and Tizmin Carques. In the post-classical period, they were found in Itza, Chen Chi and some relatively late places, along the eastern Yucatan Peninsula, such as Longtu and Kajin. Lime-poured roofs are built on beams, and gaps between beams are filled with temporary branch structures. In this structure, some roofing materials filled with mortar will reach a thickness of about one foot, and when it finally hardens, the branch structure can be removed. This method of roof construction is very common in Yucatan Peninsula so far, but the residue of this roof is very difficult to distinguish during excavation because it has been decomposed into small stones and some fragments of lime powder. However, in most excavated limestone buildings, there is no example of stone vault, so it can be inferred that this structure is a roof cast with mortar and beams.

The architectural styles of ancient Mayan etiquette areas are different, and they are influenced by a series of regional traditions on the premise of similar forms and functions.

Pan-influence, the architecture and layout of different venues have their own characteristics.

In the whole complex, the overall planning of etiquette center is the most important. The main etiquette center functions as the capital of a region-

-it controls the vassal States politically, religiously and economically, so there must be management buildings among them. Like many people.

Among the ruins, there are public buildings and private houses, but the square surrounded by public buildings is one of the squares surrounded by private houses.

There is a clear difference between and. There are regional differences in temples, palaces, stadiums, steam baths and other buildings.

Architectural tradition also has the characteristics of the times.

The uniqueness of various regional architectural styles is manifested by emphasizing the characteristics of some buildings to varying degrees.

Here it is. No matter what function it has, almost all Mayan buildings are built on the underlying structure, including

Single-story abutment (on which houses are built), a large platform on the undulating ground to be renovated (on which palace communities are built)

), and the pyramid (the temple is built on it). Except for some low-rise building platforms, other buildings are needed.

To get close to the facilities of the superstructure, this facility is generally a single-stage or multi-stage central staircase, and the staircase itself is also a building.

The main structure of.

The most common roof form in public buildings is stone arch structure-stones receive the top step by step, forming a narrow gap.

Cover the gap with keystone. The interior side of the stone veneer is usually machined into a bevel, so the inner surface of the vault structure

Form a neat and smooth slope. Since the pre-classical period, the vault structure of Maya is the closest to the pressure vault on the old continent.

I have been using it in the later period. With the increase of practical experience and confidence, the wall is gradually heightened and the arch span is gradually increased.

At the beginning of construction, Mayan cities had a planned overall layout. According to the central square or city center formed

In part, the center has been repaired and expanded repeatedly for a long time, and each repair and expansion is carried out as planned. Pay attention, too

Arrange all kinds of buildings and their interrelated directions and angles ... to build houses according to certain calendar requirements.

To some extent, it acts as an astronomical observation instrument. For example, the top floor of the watchtower in palenque Palace can just see the sunset from winter to morning.

On Bakar's mausoleum.

This combination of architecture and astronomy, and the unity of architectural layout and astronomical observation are rare in ancient architecture. from

These signs show that the pre-planning and strict design of architectural layout have been very common in Maya, and it has become a Mayan building based on ancient times.

The proud achievement of replacing the forest of architecture.

The Mayans were also skilled craftsmen. They can make flint tools from obsidian. Flint tools can cut hard rocks and carve jade. The Mayans used this tool to build a large number of cities, and more than 100 cities were built before and after. Famous ones are Tikal, Vasak Tong (in modern Guatemala), Copan (in modern HongDollas), palenque (in modern Chiapas) and so on.

On Yucatan Peninsula, the Mayans built a large-scale building complex consisting of the Governor's Office, the Nun Palace, the Samurai Temple, the Tiger Temple and the pyramids in Smal and chichen itza. They are not only beautiful in appearance and magnificent in momentum, but also the outer walls, door frames and lintels of buildings are covered with finely carved feather snake reliefs.

Today, in the Mayan ruins left in the Yucatan Peninsula or the tropical jungle of Guatemala, we can see the bright colors and beautiful patterns on those ruins. The exquisiteness of the sculptor, the beauty and symmetry of the image are amazing.

Four pyramids

The pyramids in Maya are different from those in Egypt. First of all, the shapes are different. 99% of Mayan pyramids are quadrangular ladders with platforms at the top, and some platforms have temples built on them. The pyramids in Egypt are square cones with spires. Secondly, the Egyptian pyramids are all tombs of pharaohs, while the Mayan pyramids are mainly places for sacrificial ceremonies. Of course, pyramids used as tombs of rulers (such as palenque Pyramid) have also been found. Thirdly, the pyramids in the United States vary in size, from tens of meters high to hundreds of meters high in Fiona Fang, and the small ones are only one or two stories high; The pyramids in Egypt are very tall and huge (the shortest is as high as tens of meters).

What are the characteristics of ancient Egyptian architecture? First, the architectural style and characteristics of ancient Egypt.

1, huge: the most famous architectural art in ancient Egypt, such as pyramids, sphinxes and obelisks,

Are huge works of art, but also related to the survival of the kingdom.

2. The building materials are mainly stones: all the buildings built with stones in the world originated in Egypt. It is characterized by grandeur, magnificence and solidity. Take the pyramids for example. Building materials are stones weighing several tons or even more than ten tons. After thousands of years, they will not deform or collapse, and still stand on the west bank of the Nile.

3. Strong sense of order: We will not find unexpected elements in paintings, sculptures and buildings in ancient Egypt. The production of each part will follow certain rules, and this style has lasted for at least 3000 years. This sense of order sometimes makes us feel quite unnatural: in order to make things orderly visible, people's faces are generally side faces, but there is a big eye that belongs to the front; Hands and feet are not short Therefore, although the ancient Egyptian architecture is a bit stiff, it gives us a particularly quiet and steady feeling, which is caused by the strict sense of order.

4. The application of geometry in art: The pyramid buildings and sculptures in ancient Egypt all reflect the application of geometry. The development of geometry in ancient Egypt originated from the regular flood of the Nile every year. When the river washes away the farmland, people must redraw the land and redraw the land with straight lines and geometric figures. The role of geometry in ancient Egyptian architectural art is mainly to make it three-dimensional and angular, but also to strengthen its orderly regularity, which is rigid and tough, but it intensifies the sense of solemnity and rigor.

5. Persistence and fixation: Plato said that "in Egypt, nothing has changed". People are loyal to their firm religious beliefs, which leads to the incredible fixity and unchangeable style of ancient Egypt.

Second, religious belief is closely related to ancient Egyptian architectural art.

1, Egyptian art is a process leading to eternity, which is an artistic concept cultivated and derived from religious beliefs-the core of the content expressed by ancient Egyptian art is religion and belief. The ancient Egyptians built a great project on the banks of the Nile with stones. The pyramid stands like a mountain on the horizon of the desert. The pyramids are the tombs of kings. Egyptians believed that the emperor was the incarnation of God. When he died, people tried to preserve his body and prevent it from rotting, so that his soul could continue to exist in the future. They applied many antiseptic spices and medicines to the body, and then wrapped the whole body in linen. This is a mummy. The mummy was placed in a coffin deep in the pyramid. Enchantments and spells were written around the coffin to comfort the emperor's soul how to successfully spend the journey and move towards rebirth. This is the profound connotation of ancient Egyptian architecture-eternal life, more eternal life.

2. Religious belief is the motive force of ancient Egyptian architectural art, which produces great cohesion. Religious belief made every emperor gather a large number of clan members and slaves in his lifetime, and piled up huge graves with their flesh and blood under difficult conditions, which surprised future generations. Although it was the Pharaoh who finally completed the construction of his mausoleum, in fact, the participation and enthusiasm of the whole dynasty were far higher than our imagination. People are convinced that these great pyramids, obelisks and temples can make the ancient Egyptian dynasty immortal from generation to generation.

3. Religion, as an important part of ancient Egyptian culture, runs through the history of the whole dynasty. Heliopolis, Memphis, Thebes and Hermopolis are the four most important religious cities in Egypt. People reverently worship those "gods" and primitive totems, which led to the static and fixed state of ancient Egyptian art for thousands of years. In a word, religious belief is the core and motive force of ancient Egyptian architectural art and even various arts.

Thirdly, the analysis of typical architectural forms in ancient Egypt.

1. Pyramid: the pyramid-shaped imperial mausoleum of the slave society in ancient Egypt. One of the seven wonders of the world. They are numerous and widely distributed. Memphis, the ancient city on the west bank of the Nile in the southwest of Cairo, is the most densely populated area. There are three famous Libyan deserts 8 kilometers south of Giza, called the pyramids of Giza. Among them, the tomb of the fourth dynasty Pharaoh Khufu is the largest, which is famous for its superb architectural skills in addition to its amazing scale. Built in the 27th century BC, this pyramid is146.5m high, which is equivalent to a 40-story skyscraper. Its base is 230 meters long and is made of 2.3 million large stones weighing about 2.5 tons, covering an area of 53,900 square meters. There are corridors, stairs, halls and rooms as well as various valuable decorations in the tower. The whole project lasted for more than 30 years. To the southeast of the tower is a magnificent and shocking sphinx.

2. Obelisk: another architectural masterpiece of ancient Egypt, and the most distinctive symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization except the pyramids. The obelisk is in the shape of a pointed square column, which gradually narrows from bottom to top, and the top is shaped like a pyramid tip. Wrapped in gold, copper or gold-silver alloy, the rising sun shines like a dazzling sun when it shines on the monument. Generally, it is carved from a whole granite, weighing hundreds of tons, and hieroglyphics are engraved on all sides, indicating that this stone tablet has three different uses: religious (often used to worship the sun god Amon), commemorative (often used to commemorate the Pharaoh's rule for several years) and decorative. At the same time, the obelisk is also a powerful symbol of the power of the Egyptian empire. Since the Middle Kingdom, pharaohs have erected obelisks in the year of Amnesty or when they show off their victory, and they usually stand in pairs on both sides of the temple tower. The oldest existing complete obelisk belongs to the 12 dynasty in ancient Egypt (about 199 1 ~ 1786), which was built by the Pharaoh West Nucete I (about 197 1 ~ 65438+ 000 BC). The obelisk is 20.7 meters high and weighs 12 1 ton. It was built by West Nucete I to celebrate the coronation of his king. In the New Kingdom era, Thutmose I (about 1525 ~ 15 12 BC), Queen Hatshepsut (about 1504 ~ 1450 BC) and Ramses II (about/kloc-2 BC) According to the hieroglyphics on the obelisk in front of the Karnak Temple, it took seven months to excavate this boulder from the quarry and transport it from Aswan to Thebes. In the Queen Hatshepsut Temple in Aswan, there are pictures depicting the transportation of obelisks from the Nile by barge. After arriving at the destination, people carried the obelisk up a slope made of mud and then erected it on the base. This fully shows that the ancient Egyptians were highly intelligent in mechanics.

3. Temple: As a religious building, the temple was the main place for ancient Egyptians to worship gods. The religious ceremonies held during the worship of God have become an important part of the daily life of ancient Egyptians. Therefore, the influence of ancient Egyptian temple architecture can be said to have surpassed the pyramid architecture to some extent at that time. The most striking thing in ancient Egyptian temple architecture is a large number of beautifully shaped columns: columns have a beautiful sense of loneliness, and there are bundles of decorative lines carved by imitating papyrus. Most of the stigma decorative patterns are papyrus, lotus and palm leaves, which are like budding buds, and some are in full bloom, showing the unique cylindrical architectural style of ancient Egypt. This architectural style and technology had a certain influence on the later ancient Greek architecture. As early as 3000 BC, there were colonnades in Egypt, which were very similar to the Parthenon in Athens. The Parthenon is a typical building in Chitton, ancient Greece. Its architectural features are slightly prominent in the middle of the column, simple stigma and no column base. It is famous for its solemnity and simplicity. The imitation papyrus column built in the annex building of the stepped pyramid in Sakala, Egypt, is almost not much different from the Dorian column of pure Greece.

The construction of pyramids, temples and obelisks fully shows the intelligence, exquisite artistic skills and superb architectural talents of the working people in ancient Egypt, and has written a glorious page in the history of world architecture. The spread and inheritance of these architectural technologies have added treasures to the world cultural treasure house and made important contributions to human civilization.