What are the methods of Chinese ill sentences in college entrance examination? Urgent! Simple and clear.

Guidance on answering questions before college entrance examination Chinese

General principle of doing the problem: score one point every minute, 150 points. The multiple-choice questions are faster, about 5 minutes in advance.

Chinese examination is actually a process of mobilizing existing accumulation to answer questions from proposers. In this process, we should not only be good at remembering, but also know how to organize the answers on the basis of understanding the meaning of the questions. In the process of organizing answers, we must pay attention to the simplicity, coherence and appropriateness of sentences, keep the original intention of the proposer, pay attention to the satisfaction of the topic, and pay attention to the use of less absolute sentences.

Take a deep breath first, and then tell yourself: "haste makes waste"; Try to write down the traces of your own thinking on the test paper; Believe in your first impression; Never leave a blank easily; Remember the principle of "neatness, beauty and effectiveness"; Then pick up the pen and enter the stage of choosing the objective questions in the first volume:

The first volume (multiple choice questions ***42 points)

(1) (18 points, 3 points for each small question)

1. Pronunciation analysis questions:

Answer skills: Common polyphonic words are more likely to be marked with "secondary pronunciation" than with "positive pronunciation". Pictophonetic characters are more likely to be labeled with "different sounds" than with "same sounds". It is unlikely that common words will be pronounced correctly. Unused words are generally not mispronounced. Generally, what we test is discrimination, not spelling or the scheme of Chinese Pinyin.

If the stems are different, remove two identical ones; If the stem of the question is exactly the same as the pronunciation of the given word, remove the different item; If the stems are pronounced correctly, delete the items with errors; If the stem is a group with incorrect pronunciation, then the one that is definitely correct is excluded.

In a word, exclusion is a better method.

2. Font analysis problem

Answer skills: Due to the limitation of computer processing power, the college entrance examination only tests the discrimination of other words. Read the words that are easy to make mistakes one by one, and you can distinguish other words with similar forms but different sounds. If you suspect that a word is another word, you can write a few homophones or several similar words. By analyzing the shape of pictophonetic characters, the meaning of this word is deduced, and then it is put into this word to judge whether it is consistent. For monosyllabic words or pictophonetic words that have lost their ideographic function, we can determine whether they are other words by analyzing the grammatical structure of the words, or we can find out the other words out of context by understanding the whole word. Some can only be accumulated according to our usual accumulation.

If there is a typo in the stem, there must be no typo; If nothing happens, there must be a typo in the exclusion; If the stem is a project with two typos, first rule out a project with three typos.

In short: structural analysis: analysis of common font structure and word structure. Read it for a long time. After a long time, everything right seems to be wrong. You can say it again if you are not sure, but you must use it? Or other signs to remind yourself.

3. Word use problems

Mainly the distinction between notional words and function words. Usually several groups of synonyms are used to distinguish them. If you want to do well, you should be prepared for the language at ordinary times. But if you are really not sure in the examination room, you must choose the best answer by your sense of language. There are usually two types:

Content word analysis

Answer skills: Understand the meaning of words, including words with the same morpheme and words with different morphemes. The key point is to analyze and understand different morphemes, which can be understood by combining words, finding antonyms and analyzing the shapes of pictophonetic characters. Words with different morphemes should be considered in terms of usage. When using words, we must find the corresponding information in the context, with the emphasis on collocation in the use situation. Pay attention to the method of exclusion, first exclude the most recognizable words, and gradually reduce the options.

Function word analysis

Function words play a role in regulating various language relations in sentences, and are frequently used in spoken language, especially in written language. In the college entrance examination, the topic of function words is mainly language sense, and some sentences with similar structures can be made to analyze their correctness, followed by rational analysis. The analysis should consider the following points:

The first is the dictionary meaning analysis of function words, which are explained separately and then understood together;

The second is to find out the matching related words and determine the meaning of function words through the context;

Third, the function words in a single sentence should analyze the relationship between the words before and after and the components of the sentence;

Fourth, in complex sentences, we should pay attention to the correlation of function words before and after. If there is only one related word in a sentence, it should be analyzed completely.

Fifth, we should combine related words with sentence content to keep the relationship consistent.

In short: pay attention to the exclusion method, first exclude the most recognizable words, gradually reduce the options, and mark at the same time.

4. Idioms (including idioms) analysis questions

Answer skills:

First, explain idioms word by word, grasp the general idea of idioms by using their structural characteristics, but be careful not to look at the text and make sense;

Second, experience the emotional color of idioms;

Third, we should pay attention to the scope of use of idioms and the objects of collocation;

Fourth, try to find out the relevant information in the sentence.

Fifth, the four schemes are weighed and compared, and the one that meets the requirements best is selected.

Generally, you should choose the right one, but you should also pay attention to whether you have chosen the wrong one.

In short, we should correctly understand the overall meaning of idioms and pay attention to the combination and collocation of contexts. The more you understand idioms literally, the more you should pay attention to traps. Particularly strange idioms are often correct. Must be used at the same time Or other signs to remind yourself.

5. Analysis of ill sentences

Types of ill sentences: improper word order, improper collocation, incomplete or redundant components, chaotic structure, unclear meaning and illogical.

Answer skills:

Read each option carefully and pay attention to analyze the collocation of coordinate phrases as sentence components and other components. You can take the coordinate phrases apart and match them with other components to verify whether they are correct. For sentences with mixed sentences, we should first judge their disharmony through the sense of language, then make sentences separately, and then put them back in the original text to verify whether they are correct. For sentences with improper word order, we should first detect them through language sense, and then switch the positions of incongruous words or sentences to see if they are smooth and natural. Sentences with multiple negatives or rhetorical questions should be understood with affirmation instead of negation. For inconsistent sentences caused by unclear meaning, try to find out the meaning of this keyword by grouping. The inconsistency of logical concepts can be inferred from facts.

Pay attention to the requirements of the stem, whether to choose those with speech disorders or those with aphasia.

In a word: Exclusion is often used to judge ill sentences. Recall the symptoms of common sick sentences (see Wang's Discrimination of Symptoms of Sick Sentences)

The idea of doing the problem is usually: check the trunk of the sentence, whether there is a lack of components →→→→→ weigh the words, whether it is collocated →→→→ read silently in your mind to see if there are different sentence patterns →→→ think comprehensively, whether it is in line with logical thinking, and pay special attention to the following situations:

(1) preposition "about" "For sentences that start with" right ",pay attention to the incompleteness of the subject.

(2) Similar to the sentence in which "A" is "B", we should pay attention to the coordination between "A" and "B", which may also be mixed sentences.

③ There is a long modifier behind the verb. Pay attention to whether the object is incomplete.

④ Use "he" or "pause" to connect the coordinate components, and pay attention to ambiguity, improper internal logical order and subordinate relationship of meaning.

⑤ Two-sided words such as "can" and "can" are used in the first half sentence, so we should pay attention to whether the second half sentence is harmonious with the first half sentence.

⑥ Pay attention to whether rhetorical questions and interrogative questions have opposite meanings.

6. This year may be about punctuation.

Answer skills: Pay attention to the use of punctuation marks (pause, quotation marks, dashes, brackets, semicolons, question marks) in the test paper, focus on the correctness of such punctuation marks, and discriminate and eliminate them one by one. It is estimated that the new test center will still follow the previous test methods. (See "Common Punctuation Errors")

If we want to continue to study "the problem of language coherence"

Answer skills: First, consider the sentence pattern, which requires the same topic, the same object, the same narrative angle, the same emotional appeal, the same contextual sentence pattern and the same contextual thinking. Also pay attention to the harmony and rhyme of language syllables. Then from the sentence content, pay attention to the time and material order. Also find the corresponding information in the upper and lower sentences. Language styles should be consistent.

Generally, there are two choices in every sentence, so the probability of answering each question correctly is at least 50%.

In short: must use? Or other signs to remind yourself. Paragraph cohesion, foresight and retrospect, pay attention to the inheritance of contextual subject and the internal connection of logic. Find a breakthrough and use exclusion. The idea of doing the problem is to examine whether the object (subject) of the statement is consistent →→→→→→→ whether the topic is consistent → whether the sentence patterns are consistent before and after →→→ whether the scene is consistent → whether the syllables are harmonious, etc.

(2) Modern reading (12 points, 3 points for each small question) (7- 10 questions)

How to read scientific articles

Pay attention to the whole reading, and explanatory words grasp the basic concepts and words that explain the basic concepts; Argumentative essays grasp the basic ideas and the words that explain them. Read the first and last paragraphs carefully and repeat each paragraph in your mind. Mark the sentences that reveal the theme and structure of the article, and name pronouns, related words and signs with strokes. Read the topic and find out the corresponding area of branch selection. The content and title of the article correspond.

Overall problem-solving skills in scientific literature

Turn the negative statement in the stem of the question into a positive statement. If there is a stem of words such as "basis", "evidence" and "reason", there should be a causal relationship between the options and the stem. Use pronouns instead of pronouns to make pronouns consistent with pronouns. Find out the content area related to the option and compare the option with the content of the article word by word. Derivation options should be based on the original text, with cause and effect. Pay attention to what happened before, cause and effect, first and then, exaggeration and narrowing, and the difference between parts and the whole.

Normal mistakes include intentional confusion, generalization, making things out of nothing, pretending mistakes, changing concepts, reversing cause and effect, imposing cause and effect, and arbitrarily dividing.

7. The concept of word understanding.

Answer skills: find out the content area corresponding to the option, underline the corresponding sentence in the article, contact the original meaning of the word and grasp the contextual meaning.

8. Sentence comprehension problems

Answer skills: clarify the structural relationship of complex sentences and analyze some sentence components appropriately. Secondly, we should seriously think about modifiers, which is the focus of option comparison. Find out the corresponding explanation in the text and compare it word for word with the options. Analyze causality. Clear the order. Check whether the explanation of this option is consistent with the tendency of the whole article or paragraph.

9. Information screening problem

Answer skills: find out the content areas corresponding to the options and filter them in turn. The original content is consistent with the choice, and the choice and the stem should be able to form a causal relationship. Skip unimportant information, such as examples and descriptions, and grasp the essential features.

Outline of main points

Answer skills: find out the corresponding sentences in the article and grasp the lyrical sentences in the article. The contents of the report should correspond to the original contents one by one. Concepts cannot be expanded or reduced at will, and causality and contextual relations cannot be reversed. Pay attention to the comparison between branches. If there are conflicting options in the options, there must be a mistake.

10, inferring imaginary questions

Answer skills: find out the basis of inference. Pay attention to the transformation of narrative angle and expression. Distinguish between possibility and necessity, necessity and possibility, front and back, full name and proper name. Inference is not exaggerated, narrow and out of thin air.

In short: all judgments must come from the original text, not subjective. It is suggested to read the full text first, mark the paragraphs well, and grasp the meaning of the full text initially. Do the last multiple-choice question first, and have an overall grasp of the full text before doing the other three multiple-choice questions. Find out the sentences in the stem in the original text

With the rapid development of Chinese teaching reform, college entrance examination questions are ever-changing. As a result, many students are stranded in an embarrassing situation and often look at the "text" and sigh. In fact, Chinese, as a scientific tool discipline, can be found regularly after in-depth study. Now, this paper analyzes the solutions of various questions in the college entrance examination.

First, the basic knowledge part

1, phonetic notation only requires reading, not spelling. The materials are mostly taken from the basic contents of textbooks or extracurricular reading materials. Pay attention to accumulation and form the habit of looking up the dictionary frequently. Pay attention to the second textbook "Pronunciation Phonetic Table" and the fourth textbook "Easy-to-read typo table" of People's Education Society. Common types of errors are polyphonic words (poor), similar words (shaking-regretting), pictophonetic words (especially words with phonetic changes) (alleys), homophones (sophisticated-accidental), common wrong words in life (after all) and so on. Pay attention to the law of random changes in sounds, such as self-pity and rising. When doing problems, the method of eliminating interference items is generally adopted, and unfamiliar words are often correct.

2. Pay attention to the fourth textbook "Easy to Write Words List" and "Easy to Write Idioms List". At ordinary times, we should look up more dictionaries, analyze glyphs, grasp the meaning, discriminate usage and analyze the combination law of glyphs. Most of the college entrance examination questions are homophones: don't remember their numbers (counting); 2 words that look like words (win); (3) words written in various ways (stumbling-winding, ethereal-ethereal); These items are mainly used for interference. Be good at distinguishing the forms that resemble characters, and consider the meaning (bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-ba-arm) expressed by the forms that resemble characters. Pay attention to words that seem to make sense on the surface, such as a hundred feet. Point to every word with a pen and don't let go of any mistakes. At the same time, fonts should be determined according to the language environment.

3. The explanation of words This question type was added last year, which mainly examines polysemous words. Learn to narrow down the scope and focus on the interpretation of polysemous words in this option. How to use it in daily communication, just give a few examples to know right or wrong.

4. Synonym discrimination mainly examines the usage of modern notional words and function words. Content words are often analyzed from the perspectives of ① meaning (suspension-termination), ② collocation (accidental-accidental), ③ part of speech (necessary-necessary), ④ praise and criticism (achievement-result-consequence), ⑤ scope of application (declaration-announcement) and ⑤ severity (bondage-imprisonment). Function words should pay attention to collocation habits and grammatical functions, and pay attention to the relations expressed by related words (conditions, causality, juxtaposition, hypothesis, inheritance, turning point, etc.). We should analyze the logical relationship between the preceding and following clauses. Whether it is a notional word or a function word, we should combine the context and mine the prompt words in the sentence. There must be a word or phrase in the sentence to take care of the substitute words. Both positive selection method and exclusion method should be used.

5. Idioms have literal meaning and implied meaning (figurative meaning). Generally investigate its implied meaning. So it is often wrong to guess its connotation only literally. Pay attention to the following points when doing the problem: ① Look at the meaning of the text: if the text has no punctuation (the key is to modify the meaning, not punctuation); 2 regardless of emotional color: if you play the crown to celebrate each other (derogatory); 3 Unknown key points: If your mind is full of beautiful things (mainly commodities); 4 Ignore the context: If you are in a colorful maple forest; ⑤ It is a language disease (repetition): If you make people's lives miserable. It can also be solved by replacing words. It is very important to do this kind of questions in context, so we must analyze the context and make sure that words and sentences are inseparable.

6. First, master the common types of ill sentences: improper collocation; Incomplete or redundant components; Mixed sentences; Improper word order; Ambiguous meaning (including ambiguity); Unreasonable; Wait a minute. In recent years, there have been more and more examinations in these two categories. Common methods are: ① Follow your feelings. That is to say, through the detection of language sense, we can easily identify language diseases such as hybridity, redundancy, improper word order, etc. This method can easily solve the problems of improper collocation and incomplete components. ③ Similarity comparison method. When you feel embarrassed and can't find the reason, you can quote several similar sentences or phrases for analogy to find out the reason. This deserves the attention of the majority of leaders. Try to use "worth learning …" or "worth affirming …" to identify mistakes. ④ Feature memory method. By doing more questions, we can master the basic symptoms of common sick sentences and find out the law of the occurrence of diseases, instead of being afraid of everything. Such as the coordinate elements in a sentence, is very noteworthy. To sort out the overall frame structure, it is sometimes necessary to study the relationship between words in detail. It is necessary to clarify these two structures. The correct project is sometimes vague and needs to be determined by elimination. It should also be noted that although some sentences do not conform to grammatical rules, they are correct by convention in life. Like almost falling and almost not falling. When you do the problem, you should pay attention to finding the problem from the big picture, not just by impression.

7. Cohesion questions have two propositional forms: one is sentence resetting (including positioning sentence selection and positioning sentence selection), and the other is sorting. The angles are: ① topic unification; (2) Neat and harmonious sentence patterns; ③ Take the overall situation into consideration; ④ Harmonious atmosphere; ⑤ Logical content. In recent years, many topics have been unified. When doing this kind of questions, we should pay attention to the careful analysis of each option and exclude each interference item first in combination with the stem of the questions. Some need to be based on a sense of language. The key to this kind of problem is to find the angle, and it is easy to solve it if you find the right angle. We should rely on the internal context (context) and external context (various situational conditions of language communication) of sentences. Attention should be paid to the order of combination: understanding the law, from the superficial to the deep, from the outside to the inside, from the simple to the complex, from the perceptual to the rational, from the phenomenon to the essence. Pay attention to related words and reference words. When doing the problem, first look at the differences between the options, and then carefully identify the different expression effects caused by the differences.

Second, the reading appreciation part.

8. Classical Chinese mainly examines the understanding of words and phrases, the mastery of articles and the translation of sentences. Pay attention to 120 notional words and 15 notional words specified in the syllabus (18 in the exam instructions). Content words should pay attention to several situations: polysemy, different meanings in ancient and modern times, flexible use of parts of speech and generic words. 15 function words must be kept in mind before the exam, and a word usage knowledge tree should be formed in your mind. Interpretation should be substituted into the original text, and the part of speech and usage should be analyzed. Generally speaking, four definitions of notional words come from textbooks and four from paragraphs. Pay attention to the following points when doing the questions: first look at the last question, enhance the overall perception, pay attention to the requirements of the questions, make clear the angle of each question, carefully examine the questions, make clear the test sites and answering requirements, and answer the questions in the order of the questions. Pay attention to overcoming the following shortcomings when solving problems: ① Comment on sentences. Only pay attention to what this sentence means, but ignore the meaning of this sentence in the text. (2) Not good at drawing inferences from others and poor knowledge transfer ability. We should combine in-class and out-of-class study when reviewing. Specifically, we should grasp the real function words. We are not good at summarizing and sorting out texts, and we don't infer the meaning of words according to the context when solving problems. We made a mistake, that is, learning from now on and looking at the text to create meaning. When solving problems, the methods are not clear and flexible, and the questions are often only suspicious of one or several words in the original sentence, not all the words. Therefore, when solving problems, we should find out the correct discrimination points, and the sentences belonging to the text should be good at associating the context in the original text. On the question of character's conduct, we should first look at what kind of quality we ask, and use the method of "punching and kicking". Press to correct the selection and press to exclude the selection. If you are sure that an item is correct (wrong), you should first underline it in the options to narrow your search. The second volume of subjective questions should pay attention to: translation strives for faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. First of all, determine which words are the most important to express the meaning of the text, guess which words are likely to be keywords, and mark them for careful analysis. Through literal translation. Every word must be translated correctly. At the same time, the omitted components are supplemented, and the inverted parts are restored. Special terms such as names, places, times and official calendars are not translated, and figures of speech are translated by reporting, with concise and rich words and concise intertextuality. The last question of multiple choice questions is the most troublesome. Be calm and put each item in the text accordingly. See if there is any difference. Please recite the following secrets of classical Chinese translation: read through the whole text and understand the main idea. Buckle the words and translate them. Every word is implemented, and accuracy comes first. Monosyllabic words, disyllabic substitution. Adjust the word order and delete nonsense. Rhetoric allusions, supplemented by free translation. Infer the meaning of a word. Words and sentences are connected. Bring back the original text and check it carefully. Tongda is perfect, and the translation is over.

9, natural science (social science) reading and literature reading mainly test whether the sentence is understood, whether the meaning is grasped, whether the article can be analyzed, and whether the ideological content expression skills can be correctly evaluated and appreciated. Generally speaking, the answers to natural science or social science questions are all in the text, and all ABCD options can be found in the text, and there may be a small amount of text changes. Carefully analyze whether it affects the expression of the original sentence, especially pay attention to the scale changes of some words such as degree, speculation, tense, whole and part. The investigation of words is often not to examine their normative meaning, but to examine their textual meaning, which needs to be understood in context. The problems that students often expose in doing problems are as follows: ① Not good at inferring imagination according to the content of the article or inferring imagination is not strong. ② It is unclear to infer the relationship between fictional content and article content, such as explicit and implicit logical relationship. ③ The language expression is not in place. Although I know a little, my language control ability is poor, and my expression is unclear, incomplete or not specific enough. The methods and skills are as follows: to understand the meaning of the text, we must first grasp a few sentences. The first sentence (the first sentence of an article or paragraph). Because the first sentence often has the function of prompting, summarizing and inheriting. ② Grasp the central sentence. Context and sentences are not arranged according to equivalence, but have both key central sentences and sentences as additional components, which should be quickly extracted from a large number of extended sentences and narrative sentences when analyzing. (3) grasp the sentence. Some paragraphs have several meanings. In order to make the level coherent and compact, transitive sentences or transitive words are often used in the middle. 4. Grasp the eye-catching sentences. Some sentences are the crowning touch of a paragraph. ⑤ Grasp the epigram. Some sentences in some paragraphs have profound and intriguing meanings, which can enlighten people after reading. ⑥ Grasp the contradictory sentences. Some sentences in the context are literally self-contradictory, but they contain the author's profound intention. ⑦ Grasp emotional sentences. Some sentences in the article clearly express joy, resentment, sadness and joy, and praise and belittle things. ⑧ Grasp rhetorical sentences. In order to better describe the scenery and convey the meaning, the author often uses some figures of speech in paragraphs. Pet-name ruby catch the last sentence. The last sentence of the paragraph either summarizes the above, or leaves room for thinking, or expresses your feelings with pen and ink. Specific operation: read the last question first when answering questions, and use pen points when reading paragraphs to improve your attention. Draw key sentences, central sentences, general sentences, argumentative sentences and lyric sentences at the same time. The answers to the first two questions are not far from the topic of the article, so don't think too much. Adopt a combination of shallow answers (sentence meaning) and deep answers (metaphorical meaning, connecting themes, author's thoughts and feelings, writing ideas, positions, etc.). ). When answering questions, you must find the basis for answering questions in the text, and you must find the connection point between the topic and the article, and then carefully compare and ponder. Don't take it out of context, answer the questions by impression. When answering the following questions, you should cast a net to fish, answer from many angles and contain more information.

10, the appreciation of ancient poetry mainly examines students' grasp of poetry and music, mainly Tang poetry and Song poetry and Yuan music. The examination questions involve the understanding of the meaning of words, the understanding of ideological content, the appreciation of expression, the judgment of figures of speech, the appreciation of artistic conception and style, and the evaluation of emotional tendency. Pay attention to the following points: ① Feel the image and grasp the main idea of the content. We should feel the social picture of the scenery and personnel described in the poem through the language of the poem combined with our own experience, knowledge accumulation and aesthetic habits, so as to preliminarily appreciate the thoughts and feelings contained in the poet. For example, "Pipa Xing" (2) Understanding and feeling the artistic conception is the artistic realm formed by the fusion of the author's thoughts and feelings with the life picture depicted. In order to form an artistic conception, several images often need to be combined. Image is the object that permeates the author's subjective thoughts and feelings. First of all, we should understand some or fragments of emotions, and then integrate ourselves with emotional experience and imagination, so as to understand and appreciate the theme, thoughts and feelings of poetry. For example, the analysis method of bird sound flow ③ To understand the image lyricism of art poetry, we often use metaphor, personification, exaggeration, duality, contrast, symbol, elaboration and other methods, but the basic methods are image description, line drawing, straightforward expression and so on. 4 Chewing words and tasting poetic language poets always choose the most accurate and vivid words to express as much content as possible. Poets are working hard to hammer sentences in refining and casting words. We should taste the expressive keywords and understand their meanings.

Third, recitation, language expression and application

1 1. Reciting famous poems and sentences focuses on 10 ancient poems and the parts that need to be memorized in the 30 poems specified in the syllabus. When reviewing, we should first do it in class and then after class, first in Tang and Song Dynasties, then in Qin and Han Dynasties, and then in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Generally, most of the selected sentences are sentences with eternal ideological understanding and artistic value. The proposition form is as follows:

(1) Prompt type provides the upper and lower sentences, which can be the first sentence and the last sentence of a paragraph of a famous article, and requires to fill in the blank content. Such as: clouds selling rain, clear color. _____, ____。 (2) The designated formula puts forward some very clear dictation rules in terms of theme, image or expression. Ask students to dictate according to the rules of the stem. For example, in the poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream", the sentence that best expresses the author's character is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (3) Mosaic gives most of the sentences in famous articles and embeds the sentences written by dictation. Silent sentences are generally sentences that can reflect the lofty realm of life or noble moral sentiments, summarize the general principles of life or the methods of treating people, and describe the scenery concisely and vividly. If the soil accumulates into mountains, the wind and rain will cast their shadows before them. The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born. ____,____,____。 (4) Situational style first creates a situation, and then chooses a suitable poem to supplement or expand this situation. For example, when we encourage others or ourselves to be diligent and studious regardless of their status, age and occupation, we often use a sentence in the teacher's comments, which is: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ____,____,___。 Don't make mistakes when answering questions. Answer all the answers.

12. There are the following types of expansion questions: ① situational expansion (according to situational imagination); ② Adding branches and leaves (adding decorative restrictions); (3) provide central expansion (expansion around the center); ④ Supplementary expansion. Among them, ① ④ is more common. The obvious problems exposed in solving problems are: ① ignoring the topic, starting a new stove, ② not distinguishing the situation, changing the topic improperly, ④ inconsistent and meaningless. No matter what kind of expansion, don't distort your will, but keep the style consistent with the original, the sentence pattern consistent with the original sentence, and the content form an organic whole. At the same time, it contains the rhetorical devices of the original sentence. It is necessary to make clear the key points, find the right situation, distinguish between writing and writing, expand imagination and skillfully use rhetoric. Open your heart and spread your thoughts. Don't hang yourself on a tree.

13. The examination forms of condensed questions include: refining opinions, summarizing opinions, organizing introduction, and proposing titles. The method is to ask yourself a few questions first: ① What image or image is written; ② What happened and the result; (3) what is the ideological context of the article; What is the purpose of the proposition? The following formulas can be applied: ① Level 1 information (within 10); ② How to add the secondary information (1 1-30); ③ What is the purpose of adding tertiary information? The following principles should be followed: simplify the complex, leave the main information at the end, and don't leave out key information.

14, sentence transformation forms include ① long and short (simple and complex) sentences, ② active and passive sentences, ③ overall scattered sentences, ④ declarative sentences and rhetorical questions, in which long sentences are generally simple sentences and short sentences are generally complex sentences. The general method of shortening a long sentence (single sentence) into a short sentence (complex sentence) is to find out the main part first, then put the modified auxiliary components on it, and make it smooth with related conjunctions. Generally, the main sentence is determined first, and then other sentences are stuffed into the definite complement. Check how many groups there are in the subject-predicate structure after finishing. In principle, we should pay attention to the juxtaposition of loose sentences and whole sentences, and the internal structure should be consistent (subject-predicate salvation, etc.) )

15, concise and decent, read carefully and ponder repeatedly, and be good at analyzing the internal structure of sentences. The method is the same as the question sentence. At the same time, we should also pay attention to stylistic characteristics, occasions, objects, classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese, modest words and respectful words.

Third, the writing part.

16, composition writing accounts for nearly half of the Chinese test paper, which is a decisive factor in Chinese performance. Be careful. First of all, clarify the following questions:

What should I do if I am not sure about my composition? First, according to the materials, I want to develop multi-directional thinking, imagine a variety of ideas, and draw a picture of divergent thinking. Second, I should carefully identify and choose the best idea. What should I do if the composition lacks material? First of all, the omni-directional search method includes a. My own personal experience and experience (including what I have seen and heard in the surrounding environment) B. The contents of textbooks I have studied C. The active materials left in my memory in extracurricular reading materials (books, newspapers, movies, etc.). ). d auxiliary material search method: one is vertical and horizontal method, which refers to time as a clue, from ancient times to modern times; Horizontal refers to the distance between China and foreign countries, followed by positive and negative methods. Think about the positive materials first, and then think about whether there are negative materials. Finally, the associative imagination method. What should I do if I write a lot of compositions and find that the articles are not relevant (off center or requirements)? This needs to be remedied according to the remaining examination time. First of all, there is enough time. According to your usual writing speed, if time permits, rewrite it resolutely. And reasonably arrange the remaining blank in the writing part for the reviewers to see clearly or find out. Second, there is not enough time. If the topic and the center are determined by the candidates themselves, you can take the method of correcting the deviation, that is, keep the written part, replace the original standard with the matching topic, and then continue to write. If the topic and the center remain the same, we can correct the deviation and remedy through the correct method, that is, check the written part, delete sentences that are not suitable for the topic or deviate from the center (delete as little as possible and leave more), and then make full use of the remaining time to return to the topic and the center. It's almost time to hand in the paper. What should I do if I haven't finished my composition? In this case, the most important thing is to write a good ending to avoid incomplete papers. Methods: The article must have outstanding highlights, use all means of expression, use lively materials, buckle the theme at the beginning, appear more keywords, prevent digression, and fill in all the boxes. Use your brains to examine and select topics. Bottom line: There is really nothing to write, just write a general argumentative essay.

The secret of high score composition:

The topic composition scores high, and the material examination is the most important. It is suggested to add words before and after the topic, and deducting points at the beginning is the trick. Concentrate on writing a wonderful story