What is the basic information about the Olympic Games?

Basic knowledge. . . .

Olympic Games Editor?[ào lín pǐ kè yùn dòng huì] The Olympic Games generally refers to the Olympic Games

Olympic Games (Greek: Ολυμπιακο? Αγ?νε?; French: Jeux olympiques; English: Olympic Games) referred to as the "Olympic Games" is the world's largest comprehensive sports meeting hosted by the International Olympic Committee. It is also an international sports event second only to the FIFA World Cup in the world. It is held every four years and the session period does not exceed On the 16th, it is divided into the Summer Olympic Games (Olympic Games), the Winter Olympic Games (Winter Olympics), the Summer Paralympic Games (Paralympic Games), the Winter Paralympic Games, the Summer Youth Olympic Games (Youth Olympic Games) and the Winter Youth Olympic Games.

The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece more than 2,000 years ago and were named after the venue where they were held. After the ancient Olympic Games were suspended for 1,500 years, the Frenchman Coubertin proposed the idea of ??hosting the modern Olympic Games at the end of the 19th century. The International Olympic Committee was established in 1894, the first Olympic Games was held in 1896, the first Paralympic Games was held in 1960, and the first Youth Olympic Games was held in 2010. The current president of the International Olympic Committee is German Thomas Bach.

In 2008, Beijing hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Games. In 2014, Nanjing hosted the Youth Olympic Games. Currently, Beijing is bidding to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. If successful, Beijing will become the first city in the world to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics.

Chinese name

Olympic Games

Foreign name

Ολυμπιακο? Αγ?νε? (Greek); Jeux olympiques (French); Olympic Games (UK)

Abbreviation

Olympics, Olympic Games, Olympic Games

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7 Reforms

1 Symbol Editor

The Olympic Games are under the guidance of Olympism, based on sports and the four-year Olympic Games

2008 Beijing Olympic Games

The Olympic Games are the main activities of the Olympic Games, which promote the all-round development of human physiology, psychology and social ethics, communicate mutual understanding between people of various countries, popularize Olympism around the world, and safeguard International social movement for world peace. The Olympic Movement includes an ideological system with Olympism as the core, an organizational system with the International Olympic Committee, International Sports Federations and National Olympic Committees as the backbone, and an activity system with the Olympic Games as the cycle.

On June 23, 1894, the French educator Pierre de Coubertin, known as the "Father of the Modern Olympics", and 79 representatives from 12 countries decided to establish the International Olympic Committee This feat once became the object of ridicule when people met and founded the Olympic movement. Today, a hundred years later, the Olympic Games have become a festival celebrated by everyone. The Olympic Movement has also attracted the active participation of 202 countries and regions.

In 1998, the famous "Life" magazine published the 1,000 most important events and figures in the past millennium selected by historians. Coubertin's feat of restoring the Olympic Games in 1896 was also among them, and was Known as one of the millennium events.

The Olympic Movement is a rare masterpiece of human society. It brings into full play the multiple functions of sports, and its influence goes far beyond the scope of sports. It plays an important role in the politics, economy, philosophy, and politics of the contemporary world. Culture, art, news media and many other aspects have produced a series of influences that cannot be ignored.

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

The Olympic Movement not only constitutes a unique sports and cultural landscape of modern society, delights people's bodies and minds with its unique cultural charm, but also inspires people to strive for progress and life with its strong humanistic spirit.

The Olympic Movement is a product of the times. The Industrial Revolution has greatly expanded the economic, political and cultural connections between all nations in the world. The exchanges between countries are becoming increasingly close, and there is an urgent need to use various means of communication to strengthen international cooperation. mutual understanding between them. The Olympic Movement emerged to meet this social need and is an inevitable product of the development of human society to a certain stage.

Declaration

On November 25, 1892, Baron Coubertin delivered a wonderful speech at a meeting held at the Sorbonne University in Paris to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the founding of the French Athletics Federation. He called on people to "persevere in the pursuit and realization of a great and beneficial cause based on the conditions of modern life." This historic speech, which was extremely rich in content and full of enthusiasm, later became known as the "Olympic Declaration." In 1914, the European War broke out. This speech could not be published publicly in the war-torn environment, and Coubertin could only hide it quietly. In 1937, Coubertin died of an acute heart attack. The once inspiring and exciting declaration seemed to be gradually forgotten as the speech script disappeared. However, French diplomatic analyst Marquis Fran?ois Damme, who is keen on studying sports history, has always believed that the original manuscript is still in the world. Through the bits and pieces of indirect information left by newspapers at that time, he traveled through Europe, North America, and Africa with clues. Eventually, the Marquis de Damme discovered it in a Swiss bank safe in the early 1990s. As a result, the Marquis de Damme became the sole right holder of the dissemination of Coubertin's "Olympic Declaration".

2008 Beijing Olympic Games

In 1994, during the commemoration of the centenary of the Olympic Games, the International Olympic Committee internally published only 1,000 copies of the "Olympic Declaration" booklet in English and French to This is to announce the existence of this precious manuscript. On January 2, 2008, to commemorate the 145th anniversary of Coubertin's birth, the world premiere celebration of the "Olympic Declaration" in Chinese, French and English was held in Beijing. A hundred years after the manuscript of the "Olympic Declaration" was lost, when China entered the Olympic year, with the consent of Chairman Rogge of the International Olympic Committee and the Marquis de Dammar of France, the copyright owner, Civilization Magazine published and distributed the "Olympic Declaration" in Chinese, French and English for the first time in the world. "Olympic Manifesto".

Logo

The Olympic Movement has a series of unique and distinctive symbolic signs, such as the Olympic logo, motto, Olympic flag, anthem, emblem, medals, mascots, etc. These signs It has rich cultural meaning and vividly embodies the value orientation and cultural connotation of the Olympic ideal.

Symbolizes the unity of the five continents. Among them, blue represents Europe; yellow represents Asia; black represents Africa; green represents Oceania; and red represents the Americas. The five connected rings represent the unity of the five continents and the gathering of athletes from all over the world at the Olympic Games.

The "Olympic Charter" stipulates that the property rights of the Olympic logo, Olympic flag, Olympic motto and Olympic anthem belong exclusively to the International Olympic Committee. The International Olympic Committee may take all appropriate measures to obtain legal protection for the Olympic symbols, flags, mottos and anthems at national and international levels.

2008 Beijing Olympic Games

The Olympic flag was designed by Coubertin himself in 1913. It is 3 meters long and 2 meters wide. It was raised for the first time at the Olympic Congress in Paris in 1914 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic movement. Officially adopted at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics. The Olympic flag has three rings of blue, black and red at the top and two rings of yellow and green at the bottom.

The hymn was first sung at the opening ceremony of the first Summer Olympics in 1896, but it was not confirmed as the Olympic anthem at that time. After the 1950s, some people suggested recomposing new songs as a permanent anthem, but several attempts were not satisfactory. The International Olympic Committee finally decided to use "Olympic Hymn" ("Hymn of Samaras") as the Olympic anthem at the 5th Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1958. Its sheet music is stored at the International Olympic Committee headquarters. Since then, this melodious ancient Greek music can be heard at the opening and closing ceremonies of every Olympic Games.

Olympic Motto is also known as the Olympic slogan. The Olympic Movement has a famous motto: "Faster, Higher, Stronger (Citius, Altius, Fortius)". This motto was something Coubertin's friend Henri Didon, the abbot of Aquière in Paris, said when he encouraged his students at an outdoor sports meeting. He said: "In Here, your slogan is: faster, higher, stronger."

Coubertin borrowed this sentence and applied it to the Olympic movement.

He once made his own understanding of this, which may be the best explanation of the Olympic spirit:

"The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well."

("The most important thing in the Olympics is not victory, but participation; just as in life The most important thing is not success, but struggle; but the most essential thing is not conquest, but hard work.")

In 1920, the International Olympic Committee officially recognized it as "faster and faster. "Swifter, Higher, Stronger" is the Olympic motto, first used at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics. Since then, the Latin version of the Olympic motto "Citius, Altius, Fortius" has appeared in various publications of the International Olympic Committee. The Olympic motto fully expresses the spirit of continuous progress and never-satisfied struggle advocated by the Olympic movement. Although there are only six short words, its meaning is very rich. It not only means that you should not be afraid of strong opponents, dare to fight, and dare to win in competitive sports, but also encourages people to be unwilling to be mediocre and to be energetic in their lives and work. Be vigorous, always enterprising, surpass yourself, and maximize your potential.

The "Olympic Charter" points out that the Olympic spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, unity and fair competition. The Olympic spirit plays a very important guiding role in the Olympic movement. First of all, the Olympic spirit emphasizes tolerance and understanding of cultural differences. Secondly, the Olympic spirit emphasizes fairness and justice in competitive sports. Everyone is equal and can achieve higher, faster and stronger ideals. As the late Jesse Owens, a famous black American track and field athlete, said, "In sports, people learn not only competition, but also respect for others, life ethics, how to spend their lives, and how to treat their own kind. ".

The "Olympic Charter" states that the purpose of the Olympic Movement is: "To educate young people through sports activities without any discrimination and in the Olympic spirit - mutual understanding in the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play, thereby providing Contribute to building a peaceful and better world”

Olympic Day

In January 1948, the International Olympic Committee designated June 23 every year at its 42nd Plenary Session. Designated as Olympic Day, celebrations are held to commemorate the birth of the International Olympic Committee, promote Olympic ideals and promote popular sports. Since 1987, the International Olympic Committee has launched the "Olympic Day Run".

Medal

In 1896, at the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens, the champion received a silver medal and a wreath made of olive branches, and the runner-up received A bronze medal and a laurel wreath. This medal was carefully designed by French artist Jules Chapland.

The 2nd Olympic Games were held in Paris. The competition regulations stipulated that prizes with "especially artistic significance" should be awarded. As a result, the medals were cancelled, and each Olympic participant was given a rectangular commemorative medal with a pattern. It is the warrior holding the olive branch.

In subsequent Olympic Games, each medal design had its own style, without forming a fixed style. Until 1928, the Olympic Games were held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The medal was designed by Professor Giuseppe Caccioli, an artist from Florence, Italy. The pattern was a statue of a woman holding an olive branch, symbolizing friendship, harmony, and unity. This medal is awarded not only to athletes, but also to the winners of artistic competitions held in conjunction with the Olympic Games. Since then, the pattern on the front of the medals for each Olympic Games has remained unchanged, with only the name of the host place and the number of games being changed accordingly.

The Olympic flame

The Olympic flame first appeared at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. It was Coubertin who proposed the idea, but it was limited to lighting the flame in a fountain basin near the stadium.

The ceremony of lighting the sacred flame in the ancient Olympic Games originated from the myth of ancient Greek humans stealing fire from heaven. They lit the fire on the altar according to religious rituals in front of the Olympian Zeus, and then ran with the torch. All over the city-states, it conveys the message that the Olympic Games are about to begin. Each city-state must have a truce, forget hatred and war, and actively prepare to participate in the Olympic Games. Therefore, the torch symbolizes peace, light, unity and friendship.

In 1920, the Antwerp Olympics lit a flame symbolizing peace to commemorate the end of the war; in 1928, during the Amsterdam Olympics, a flame burned on a high tower, and the fire was obtained by the Olympic condenser. In 1934, the International Olympic Committee confirmed the lighting ceremony of the torch and held the fire lighting ceremony in Olympia on July 20, 1936 (1936 Berlin Olympics).

Mascot

In the history of the Olympics, mascots appeared for the first time in the 1972 Munich Olympics. Since then, mascots have become the main component of the image characteristics of an Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee and the organizing committees of previous Olympic Games have very high requirements for the design of mascots. The unveiling of each Olympic mascot attracts the attention of the world and becomes the highlight of the Olympic Games.

In terms of the art form of mascots, before the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, most Olympic mascots were based on animal images with characteristics of the host country, usually of the same species. After 1992, the Olympic mascots appeared as characters or completely virtual forms, and the number also changed. There were four types of mascots for the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics, three types for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, two types for the 2004 Athens Olympics, and five types for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. No matter what form it is, its basic creative core is to help express the theme of the current Olympic Games, to express the unique regional characteristics, historical culture and humanistic characteristics of the host city, and to be conducive to market development and protection.

The modern Olympic Games have produced mascots with various shapes. Each mascot is unique, has a dynamic character and embodies the Olympic ideals of friendship and fair play. The first time mascots played a prominent role in the Olympics was at the 1972 Munich Olympics. In recent Olympic Games, the role of mascots has been strengthened. Mascots personify Olympic values, give them physical form and make them widely accepted by children, which is unmatched by other images in today's Olympic identification projects.

Oath of Oath

The Olympic Oath was adopted by the International Olympic Committee in 1913 and officially implemented in 1920 (the 1916 Olympic Games were suspended due to World War I).

Athletes: "In the name of all athletes, I promise to participate in this Olympic Games with true sportsmanship for the glory of sports and the honor of our sports teams. I promise not to use doping, respect and abide by Rules governing sports games."

Referee: "In the name of all referees and officials, I pledge to carry out my duties at this Olympic Games completely and openly in the true spirit of sportsmanship and to respect and abide by the rules governing the Games." .

Ceremony

Opening Ceremony

2008 Beijing Olympic Games Opening Ceremony

1. The chairman of the Olympic Organizing Committee announced the start of the opening ceremony. The President of the Olympic Committee and the President of the Olympic Organizing Committee will greet the head of state of the host country at the entrance of the sports ground and guide him to a special seat;

2. Play or sing the national anthem of the host country.

3. During the opening ceremony, the history, culture and life style that the host is proud of will be fully displayed. For example, the Beijing Olympics showcased the Four Great Inventions, the Silk Road, and martial arts, while the London Olympics showcased the Industrial Revolution, the British Democratic Movement, and popular music. Generally, the success or failure of an opening ceremony depends to a large extent on the effectiveness of large-scale sports and art performances.

4. Each delegation will line up to enter the venue in alphabetical order of the language of the host country (with the exception of the Greek and host country delegations. As a rule, the Greek delegation enters first and the host country last; for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, this is Entry is arranged in the order of strokes of simplified Chinese characters. In the 2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games, admission is in French alphabetical order);

5. Speech by the Chairman of the Olympic Organizing Committee;

6 , Speech by the President of the International Olympic Committee;

7. The head of state of the host country announced the opening of the Olympic Games,

8. Raising the Olympic flag and playing the "Olympic Hymn"

9. The flag bearers of each delegation formed a semicircle around the rostrum. An athlete from the host country stepped onto the podium. He held a corner of the Olympic flag in his left hand and raised his right hand to take the oath;

10. An athlete from the host country Two referees stepped onto the podium and took the oath in the same way;

11. The Olympic torch relay entered the stadium. The last relay athlete circled the track for a week and then lit the Olympic flame and released the doves.

Closing Ceremony

1. The closing ceremony of the Olympic Games is first a welcome ceremony for the President of the International Olympic Committee and the head of state of the host country

2. The flag of the host country is raised, usually in The central flagpole is the third pole from the left, and the second pole is the Olympic flag

3. Artistic performances

4. The flag bearers of each delegation enter the venue in a single file in the order of the opening ceremony. , behind them is a team of athletes regardless of nationality, with flag bearers forming a semicircle behind the podium

5. The men's marathon gold, silver and bronze medals are awarded, with the President of the International Olympic Committee serving as the presenting guest. This ceremony was the first of its kind at the 2004 Athens Olympics, implying that the men's marathon, as a symbol of humankind's strong will and perseverance, is given the highest honor and status among all Olympic events.

6. At the Olympic Volunteers Appreciation Ceremony, athlete representatives presented flowers to the volunteers to express their recognition and tribute for their contribution to the Olympics. This ceremony was the first of its kind at the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.

7. The Greek flag is hoisted and the Greek national anthem is played, usually on the first pole from the left in the central flagpole.

8. Speech by the Chairman of the Olympic Organizing Committee

9. The President of the International Olympic Committee delivers a closing speech. As usual, he will evaluate the Olympic Games in one sentence and Announce the closing of the Olympic Games and invite young people from all over the world to participate in the next Olympic Games. The Olympic flag was lowered slowly and the Olympic anthem was played.

10. Olympic flag handover. The flag of the country hosting the next Olympic Games is raised from the right flagpole. The mayor of the host city stepped onto the podium and handed the flag to the President of the International Olympic Committee. The President of the International Olympic Committee handed the flag to the mayor of the city hosting the next Olympic Games.

11. The host country of the next Olympic Games will perform an 8-minute theatrical performance. This ceremony was pioneered by the 2004 Athens Olympics.

12. The Olympic flame goes out.

13. Athletes’ carnival.

Awarding Ceremony

During the Olympic Games, medals shall be presented by the President of the International Olympic Committee (or a member selected by him) before the President of the International Sports Federation concerned (or his representative). ) accompanied by the award. Usually, immediately after each competition, awards are given at the venue where the competition was held in the following manner: the top three athletes in formal attire or sportswear stand on the podium, facing the officials' box. The champion stands slightly higher and their name is announced. The flag of the championship team shall be raised from the central flagpole, and the flags of the second and third place teams shall be raised from the flagpoles immediately to the right and left of the central flagpole respectively. When the national anthem of the winning delegation is played, all medal recipients should face the flag.

Olympiad

Olympiad is the name given to the cycle in which the Olympic Games are held every four years. People also often refer to the Olympic Games as the Olympiad. The ancient Olympic Games were held in leap years, and the modern Olympic Games also follow the old system. When the International Olympic Committee was established in 1894, it was decided to hold the modern Olympic Games. However, the first Olympic Games was not held until 1896 because that year was a leap year. The modern Olympic Games have always followed the principle of Olympiad. Even if the Olympic Games cannot be held as scheduled due to war, it will still be counted as one every leap year. This was followed in 1940 and 1944 during World War II. After the war, the 14th session was postponed until 1948 because that year was a leap year. The title of this cycle does not apply to the Winter Olympics, which are calculated based on the actual number of events held.

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The above content comes from Baidu Encyclopedia. . .