Description of Landscape Road Greening Design

The greening project is to create a picturesque, healthy and civilized greening landscape, which is a space art reflecting social ideology. In order to meet people's spiritual civilization needs, the following landscape road greening design instructions are compiled by me for everyone, hoping to help everyone!

Description of landscape road greening design I. Design basis:

1. Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) on Urban Road Greening

2. Code for Park Design

3. Ministry of Communications Highway Contract (1995)No. 1036 "Preparation Method of Design Documents for Highway Engineering Capital Construction Projects".

4. The Ministry of Communications promulgated JTJ/T006-98 Code for Design of Highway Environmental Protection.

5. Measures for the administration of environmental protection of traffic construction projects

6. Relevant laws and regulations of landscaping in Hebei Province

7. Construction drawing of this section of China Communications First Highway Survey and Design Institute 107 National Highway.

8, field survey and surveying and mapping data

Second, the design concept:

1. Improve the difference of highway greening levels and form a multi-level and high-drop greening pattern from tall trees, small trees and shrubs, small colored shrubs and ground cover plants.

2, a variety of trees, less grass or even no grass, where to achieve? There is greening on the roadside, and the road passes through the forest collar? The leap of design concept has realized the long-term and sustainability of highway green belt.

3. Increase the planting density of greening (it can be transplanted after three years), greatly increase the green content of road greening land, and strive for good results when the important road sections are completed.

4. According to the management difficulty of road greening, this design focuses on the outside of the city, the green island and the traffic turntable, and depicts them with heavy colors and thick ink.

Three, landscaping tree species selection:

The success of landscaping projects depends to a great extent on whether the selection of plant varieties is scientific and reasonable. The natural conditions in this section are harsh, so corresponding measures must be taken to ensure the necessary conditions for the survival of green seedlings and plant growth.

To this end, we continue to follow? Suitable for the right place and tree? The basic principle of greening construction, strengthen the investigation and study on the ecological characteristics of trees and flowers, pay attention to the adaptability of local environment, the coordination and complementarity of interspecific relations in the selection and configuration of plants, give priority to local tree species, and appropriately apply the introduced trees that have been tested and adapted to local conditions.

107 the overall goal of national highway greening is to give priority to greening, pay attention to environmental protection, reduce soil erosion and increase coordination with surrounding landscapes on the premise of meeting traffic functions. Plant selection should consider biological characteristics, highway structure characteristics, site conditions, management and maintenance conditions and other factors, and should pay attention to the following aspects:

1, strong resistance, drought tolerance, sewage tolerance, less pests and diseases, easy to manage.

2. It will not cause other environmental pollution, will not affect traffic, and will not become an intermediate medium for nearby crops to spread pests and diseases.

3. The tree has good root system, strong germination, suitable survival and pruning resistance.

4, conservation-oriented tree species, drought tolerance, cold tolerance, strong adaptability and low maintenance cost.

5. Give priority to native tree species and use seedlings that can achieve beautification effect in a short time.

In view of this, in line with? According to local conditions, the right time, the right place and the right people? According to our company's experience in similar highway greening design, and considering the geographical location and natural environment of Baoding-Shijiazhuang section of National Highway 107, through various comparative considerations, more than 60 kinds of absolutely optimized plant materials were screened out.

Four, greening and beautifying construction technical measures

(1) clean up the scene

Clean up the domestic garbage and construction garbage in the greening site, and then dig deep and clean up to meet the standard suitable for planting trees.

② Fixed-point setting-out

1. Fixed-point setting-out: Determine the positions of plant communities and individual plants according to the scale requirements of the drawings with a flatbed instrument or a grid method, mark them with wooden stakes, and indicate the specifications of tree species and pits. Trees should be spread out with white ash, and stakes should be nailed in the range line, indicating the species, quantity and pit specifications, and then individual tree points should be measured by visual inspection. Pay attention to the following points in fixed-point pay-off:

(1) Tree species, quantity and location shall be consistent with the design drawings. (2) The arrangement of trees should be natural, and fixed points should be made according to the principle of organization and cooperation of trees. Monotonicity is prohibited, and queuing or equidistant planting should be avoided.

2, inspection and acceptance: after the completion of fixed-point pay-off, inspection and acceptance, requirements to be accurate.

③ Dig a hole.

The quality of digging holes has a great influence on the future growth and development of plants. The size of the pit should be determined according to the size and soil quality of seedlings and soil balls with different specifications, and generally it should be 20? Larger than the specified root system and soil ball diameter. 30 cm, at the same time

Tree species root system types, determine the depth of the pit, and the pit should be cylindrical to ensure that the root system stretches during planting to facilitate survival.

When digging a pit, the topsoil and subsoil should be stacked separately. Because of the high content of organic matter in topsoil, the pit bottom should be filled first when planting trees, and the upper part should be filled with subsoil and used as cofferdam. When the local soil is not good, the pit diameter should be increased by one to two times, and the harmful waste should be cleared and replaced with good soil.

④ Seedling preparation

1, prepare before digging seedlings

(1) select seedlings; Seedling quality is one of the important factors affecting survival. In order to improve the survival rate and future effect of planting, strict seedling selection must be carried out before transplanting. When selecting seedlings, we should not only design the special requirements of seedling size and tree shape, but also pay attention to selecting seedlings with developed roots, strong growth, no pests and diseases, and correct tree shape.

(2) If the soil where the seedlings grow is too dry, water them a few days in advance; On the contrary, when the soil is too wet, we should try to drain water in advance to facilitate the operation when digging seedlings.

（5）

The quality of transportation and follow-up of seedlings is also an important link that affects the survival of tree planting. Practice has proved? Grow it? It is the safest for planting trees.

1, check before loading, carefully check the types and varieties, specifications and quality of seedlings before dispatching and loading; If it does not meet the specification requirements, it should be replaced by the nursery.

2, shipment with soil ball seedlings

(1) seedlings below 2m can be planted; 2 meters above the seedlings must be placed obliquely or horizontally. The soil sphere faces the forward treetops and the back treetops, and the crown is stabilized with a wooden frame.

(2) Only one layer is installed for seedlings with a diameter of 20 cm; Small soil balls can be packed in 2-3 layers, and the soil balls must be packed tightly to prevent shaking.

(3) People are not allowed to stand or place heavy objects on the clay ball.

Step 3 transport

On the way, the escort should cooperate with the driver, often check whether the tarpaulin is lifted, transport the seedlings in a short distance, and don't rest halfway. When driving for a long distance, you should adapt to sprinkling water and soaking tree roots, and park in the shade when resting to prevent wind and sun.

4. Unloading

Take care of the seedlings when unloading, and handle them with care. Bare-rooted seedlings should be taken and put in an orderly manner, and drainage is not allowed at will, and the whole vehicle should not shirk. When unloading with clay balls, don't lift the trunk, but put the clay balls down gently with both hands. When unloading the big soil ball, you can use a strong long wooden board to put it on the ground obliquely from the carriage, and push the soil ball down on the wooden board and slowly slide down. Never roll a clay ball.

[6] Pruning of transplanted trees

1, the purpose of pruning

(1) Maintain water metabolism balance.

When transplanting trees, some roots will inevitably be damaged. In order to make the newly planted seedlings survive and grow quickly, some branches and leaves on the ground must be trimmed properly to reduce water transpiration and maintain the balance of water metabolism.

(2) Cultivate tree type: When pruning, we should also pay attention to making trees grow into the expected shape to meet the design requirements.

(3) Harm reduction: Cutting off branches with pests and diseases can reduce the harm of pests and diseases. In addition, thinning some branches can reduce the weight of the crown and play a certain role in preventing trees from lodging. This is especially important for greening and planting trees in windy and sandy areas in spring.

2, the principle of pruning. Tree pruning generally follows the basic characteristics of the original tree and cannot violate its natural growth law.

(1) Deciduous trees

(1) All trees with obvious central leadership should try their best to protect or maintain the advantages of the central leadership branch.

(2) For tree species whose central trunk is not obvious, more upright branches should be selected to replace the main branches for upright growth, but the side branches competing with the fish upright branches must be controlled by pruning. The height of branches should be reasonably determined, generally requiring more than 2-2.5 meters. ..

(2) There are two general methods for shrubs. One is thinning branches, that is, cutting off branches inserted into the base; The other is short cutting, which cuts off a part of the top of the branch.

(1) For short-cut shrubs, the crown should generally be kept high inside and low outside in a semicircle.

(2) Thinning and pruning of shrubs should be dense outside and sparse inside to facilitate ventilation and light transmission.

(3) Clustered trees with well-developed roots and tillers should be stripped of more old branches, so that they can be constantly updated and grow vigorously.

④ Evergreen trees are generally not cut down.

Once planting

1, scattered seedlings. What is it called to spread seedlings in planting holes (pits) according to regulations (design drawings or fixed-point stakes)? Scattered seedlings? .

(1) Take good care of the seedlings and handle them with care, so as not to damage the roots, bark, branches or soil balls.

(2) The seedling laying speed is suitable for the seedling planting speed. Scattered planting. After planting, try to reduce the exposure time of roots.

(3) The exposed roots left in the ditch shall be buried with soil at any time.

(4) For evergreen trees, the best side of the tree should face the main viewing surface.

(5) After the seedlings are dispersed, they should be checked in detail with the design drawings in time, and the mistakes should be corrected immediately to ensure the correct planting position.

Principles of landscape road greening 1. The greening design of urban landscape roads must adhere to the ecological principle.

Urban ecosystem is a special ecosystem, and the biggest difference from natural ecosystem lies in the different proportion of its components. In the natural ecosystem, plants account for the largest proportion, while in the urban ecosystem, human beings occupy the most important position and the largest proportion, which makes the ecological structure change from a right pyramid to an inverted pyramid, and the urban ecosystem becomes artificial, incomplete, open, complex, fragile and high-quality. At the same time, it all depends on it. Urban landscape road greening is an important part of urban ecosystem. In the process of urban landscape road greening design, we should make full use of the basic principles of ecology to make the urban ecosystem close to the natural ecosystem and make the urban ecosystem close to the natural ecosystem.

A very important way to improve the urban ecological environment is to increase the amount of greening. To increase the amount of green, first of all, it is necessary to reasonably match the trees, shrubs, grasses and vines so that the green loess will not be exposed to the open air. The second is to have all kinds of crowns, big seedlings and big trees. Third, adhere to the diversification of plant species, strive to plant as many compatible plants as possible, and increase the complexity and stability of the ecosystem.

2. Urban landscape road greening design must adhere to the landscape principle.

Adhere to the principle of landscape, that is, we must have a sense of quality. On the premise of green quantity, green space should have aesthetic feeling and pleasing feeling. Only in this way can people feel comfortable and achieve the purpose of promoting people's mental health. This requires us not only to have green quantity, but also to have quality in the process of urban landscape road greening design, give full play to the artistic techniques of landscaping, and create artistic landscape through plant configuration.

China is the mother of world gardens. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, it was able to build platforms, dig ponds and build buildings? Hey? ; During the Qin and Han dynasties, palaces, mountains and mountains were built; During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, artificial landscape gardens and water management technologies were quite mature. Influenced by landscape painting, the gardening art in the Tang and Song Dynasties developed into a poetic stage, which enhanced the expression of artistic conception, and was called the freehand brushwork landscape garden in Tang and Song Dynasties. Some bureaucrats, landlords and literati live in bustling cities, longing for rural life and looking for seclusion, so they built a velvet garden next to their houses. The pond was dug very low, the mountains were built very high, pavilions were connected, buildings, bamboo trees and vines hung, and the gardening level was quite good. Classical gardens in China are characterized by small bridges and flowing water, winding paths leading to secluded places, changeable scenery, seeing the big from the small, twists and turns, pavilions, poems and paintings, etc. , echoing the classical architecture in China, or the Forbidden City or a mansion compound. Nowadays, China's urban architectural style has long been in line with the world, and the city has been composed of high-rise buildings, skyscrapers, worry-free roads, city squares, residential quarters and so on. Applying the gardening techniques of China classical gardens to the greening design of modern urban landscape roads can not only highlight the historical connotation and cultural essence of China gardens, but also reflect the rapid development of modern landscape in China. Selective introduction and absorption of foreign gardening techniques, grafting sparse forests, grasslands, large lawns and other landscapes into urban landscape road greening design, greatly enriching the urban landscape road greening design content.

China's gardening art has paid attention to artistic conception since ancient times. The essence of China gardens originates from nature, which is higher than nature, imitates and transcends nature, and gives people endless aftertaste with the word artistic conception. Bonsai art is a unique art in China, which can condense nature, simulate nature and create ideal nature. You can create many associations on a tree without feet, so bonsai art is called silent poetry and three-dimensional painting, which is called shrinking thousands of miles and shrinking dragons into inches. In the road greening design of urban landscape, we can learn from the production methods of combined bonsai and landscape bonsai, and create a variety of artistic landscapes through plant planting and plant configuration, such as grassland landscape, forest landscape, shrub landscape, swamp landscape and water landscape. To enrich the urban environment with diverse ecological landscapes and create landscapes with China characteristics is also the goal pursued by contemporary landscape workers.

3. Urban landscape road greening design must adhere to the economic principle.

Economic principle can also be said to be the principle of sustainable development. Sustainable development strategy is a global concern in 2 1 century. In the design of urban landscape road greening, sustainable development is a key issue that we should consider in the design, especially not only the construction cost, but also the maintenance and management cost after the completion of urban landscape road greening. On the one hand, conservation management directly manages the cost, on the other hand, it is the future development and utilization of planted trees, which are the sustainable development problems of landscape architecture. Therefore, in the urban landscape road greening design, talk about the following views:

3. 1 Reasonable collocation of arbor, shrub, grass and vine.

The effect of urban landscape road greening in the early stage, the cost of maintenance and management in the later stage, and whether plant resources can be recycled during renovation and renewal are all issues that must be fully considered in urban landscape road greening design. To solve this problem, we must choose arbor, shrub, grass and vine plants with good greening effect, low construction and maintenance cost and long life according to the natural growth law of plants and the reasonable space for underground plants to grow, and make a reasonable collocation of large, medium, small, high, medium and low.

3.2 grass flowers

Decorating urban landscape roads with grass flowers is the most effective means to enhance the image and taste of the city. However, in urban landscape road greening design, a large number of grass flowers are used to decorate the landscape, and its operating costs are quite high. According to the standard of green conservation in Hangzhou, the annual cost of grass flowers per square meter is 270 yuan, which is about 50 times that of general green space. Such high maintenance cost is obviously not conducive to the sustainable development of greening. In the process of urban landscape road greening design, perennial flowers and self-sown flowers should be used as much as possible, such as chrysanthemum, impatiens, bunch of red flowers, cockscomb, iris, day lily, morning glory and so on.

3.3 Suit measures to local conditions, and be in harmony with people at the right time.

In the process of urban landscape road greening design, according to the geographical environment, climatic conditions and economic conditions of the region, we should adapt to local conditions and suitable trees. As long as it is a living plant, it has ecological benefits. As to whether it looks good or not, it depends on how we plant it and how we maintain it. It is necessary to vigorously promote the use of local tree species and introduce exotic tree species appropriately.

3.4 Soil

Soil is the foundation of plant growth. No good plant can grow without good soil. In the process of urban landscape road greening design, in view of the fact that the source of planting soil is difficult, on the one hand, we try our best to use excellent planting soil that meets the requirements; On the other hand, the construction waste and abandoned soil produced by urban construction are used to improve the soil, so as to meet the soil requirements required by the technical regulations for planting garden trees as much as possible.

3.5 Lawn

Reasonable selection of grass species according to the climatic conditions in this area. Weiyuan County has a subtropical monsoon warm and humid climate zone, with an annual average temperature of 65438 08℃ and an annual rainfall of about 65438 0000 mm. The frost-free period is 329 days, and it is hot and dry in summer, especially in the rainy season in June, followed by hot and dry days, which is extremely unfavorable to the growth of various lawns. We have tried to plant too many kinds of grass, but because of their respective shortcomings, it is difficult to meet the dual needs of ecological benefits and landscape benefits of urban greening. After years of exploration, our conclusion is that the No.2 lawn in Taiwan Province Province should be planted if it is not evergreen all the year round, and ryegrass can be replanted on the No.2 lawn in Taiwan Province Province if it is to be green in winter. The maintenance cost of this lawn is relatively low.