Historical Evolution of Sikuquanshu

During the two hundred years after the publication of Sikuquanshu, many manuscripts were destroyed by war. Its China source pavilion was captured by the British and French allied forces in 1860, and the Yuanmingyuan was burned when it was burned, while the Wenzong and Wen Hui pavilions were destroyed in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. Hangzhou Wenlange Library Building collapsed 186 1 when Taiping Army captured Hangzhou for the second time, and Sikuquanshu was scattered among the people. After that, it was collected, sorted and copied by the library collector Ding Brothers, and only a quarter of the original book was preserved. Wen Lan Pavilion was duplicated twice during the Republic of China. 19 14 with the support of Qian Xun, the first director of Hangzhou Library, Xu Xilin's second brother Xu and his students made up copies at their own expense, which lasted for seven years and was called "Yi Mao's make-up copy". 1923, Zhang Zongxiang, then director of Zhejiang Education Department, was very moved when he learned of Xu He's righteous act, but he knew that the "repair" project was so huge that it was difficult to be completed by a few people and must be led by the government. Under his concern, the number of additional copywriters increased to more than 100, and all the expenses were raised by Zhejiang people. Xu was appointed as the general school and named Fu Xian as the supervisor, which lasted for two years and was called "Guihai Supplementary Copy" in history. In the early days of liberation, portraits of Xu and Du Fuxi were hung in pavilions to commemorate them. After 2008, most of the contents of Sikuquanshu have been restored. At present, there are only three and a half sets of Sikuquanshu, and its Chinese library was originally hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing, and then transferred to Taiwan Province Province through Shanghai-Nanjing, and now it is hidden in the National Palace Museum in Taipei (which is also a relatively well-preserved set). Wen sui ge Ben 1922 was almost sold to the Japanese, and is now in the library of Gansu province. The Jinwen Museum was handed over to the National Library of China by the government of China on 1950, which is the only preserved version of the original book. Wen Lan Pavilion is in Zhejiang Library.

1966 10 When Sino-Soviet relations were tense, Lin Biao ordered Wen Suige's Sikuquanshu to be secretly transported from Shenyang to Lanzhou and hidden in the Gobi Desert. Relevant persons in Liaoning asked for the return, and the bookstore was combined. Gansu has also built a library to strengthen protection. The final ownership of Wen Suige's Siku Quanshu is still controversial. Put forward a compilation

In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772) in November, Zhu Jun, a scholar from Anhui province, put forward the problem of compiling Yongle Grand Ceremony, which was recognized by Emperor Qianlong. Later, he ordered the compilation of lost books with books collected by provinces and engraved by officials of Wuyingtang, which was called Sikuquanshu. In this way, the compilation of Yongle Dadian led to the huge project of compiling Sikuquanshu, which became the direct reason for compiling Sikuquanshu. The compilation process of Sikuquanshu is divided into four steps: the first step is to collect books. The collection of books lasted for seven years from the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772) to the forty-third year of Qianlong (1778). In order to commend those who entered the book, the Qing court also formulated methods such as giving books, chanting scriptures and registering names. : "Award Book" means that those who are shortlisted for more than 500 books will be given a book "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books"; Those who read more than 100 books will get a copy of Pei Yunwen Fu. "Inscription" means that those who have entered more than 100 kinds of books choose a pure and mellow book, and Emperor Qianlong will inscribe it on the short side to show his favor. "Registration" means to indicate the name of the collector or book collector in the abstract. With the strong assistance of the local government and the positive response of bibliophiles, the collection of books is progressing smoothly, with a collection of12,237 volumes, including 4,808 Jiangsu books, ranking first in all provinces. Zhejiang has 4600 books, ranking second. Private book collectors such as Ma Yu, Bao Shigong, Fan Hewang have also entered many books.

Finished book

There are six sources in the original edition of Sikuquanshu: Neifu edition, that is, government books, including palace books such as Wuying Hall; Praise books, that is, books compiled in sequence from the early Qing Dynasty to Qianlong, including the works of emperors in previous dynasties; Books collected by the governor; Private donations, that is, books submitted automatically or at the request of provincial bibliophiles; Passbook, that is, books popular in society; Yongle Dadian is a lost article compiled according to Yongle Dadian. Our library officials put forward specific opinions on the above books, which should be copied, engraved and preserved. The copied book is a qualified work and can be copied into Sikuquanshu. Books that should be engraved are considered to be the best works. These works should not only be copied into Sikuquanshu, but also be carved into separate volumes and widely circulated. Books that should be kept are regarded as unqualified works and cannot be copied into SikuQuanShu, but only have their names in the catalogue of SikuQuanShu and are included in the catalogue. For the works that should be copied, we should compare the differences between the same book and different books and choose the better book as the base book. Once a book is defined as the basic edition of Si Ku, it will go through a series of processing, and Fei Biao and Eyebrows are the products of processing. Flying sign, also called clip sign, is a note taken by branch officials to correct typos and write preliminary opinions. This kind of comment is often attached to the volume and submitted to the editor for review. If approved by the editor, you can modify the original text with brush strokes, otherwise it will not be modified. Then submit it to the editor-in-chief for the third trial. After analysis, the editor-in-chief can not agree with the editor's audit opinion, but adopt the preliminary examination opinion of the head of the branch. After the third trial, it was submitted to the court.

Copy the original

Copywriting came from recommendation at first, but later it was found that this method had some disadvantages such as bribery, so it was changed to examination. The specific method is: when you need to add a copy, send a notice first. After the applicant signs up, write a few lines on the spot to see if the handwriting is correct and choose the best. Although the examination method is superior to the recommendation method, there are some inconveniences. So in the end, it was chosen from the students who failed the rural exam, and the one who wrote even on the test paper was hired. In this way, 3826 people have been selected for copying, which ensures the need of copying Sikuquanshu. In order to ensure the progress, the copying quota is also stipulated: each person copies 1 0,000 words per day, 330,000 words per year, and five years10.8 million words. At the expiration of five years, copying 2 million words is rated as first class; Copy 1.65 million words, as the second class. According to the grade, they were awarded four official positions: state boy, state judge, county cheng and main book. If it is found that the font is untidy, it will be recorded once, and it will be fined 10000 words. Due to effective measures and clear rewards and punishments, the reproduction of Sikuquanshu is progressing smoothly. There are 600 people engaged in copying every day, and at least 600,000 words can be copied.

Revision process This is the last key process. In order to ensure the smooth progress of the revision, Siku Quanshu Library has formulated the Regulations on Punishment of Merits and Disruptions, which stipulates that if the typo is original, it will be exempted from recording; If the original text is correct, it is indeed an error caused by transcription, and each error is recorded once; If you can find out the original mistakes, please sign and correct them, and record your merits once for each place. After each volume, the titles of revisers are listed to clarify their responsibilities. A book of the branch school, after re-examination, passed twice, read and approved by the principal, and finally decorated and presented. The branch school, the re-school, and the principal each perform their duties, which really plays an important role in ensuring the quality of Sikuquanshu.

In order to collect Sikuquanshu, Emperor Qianlong modeled the famous library "Tianyi Pavilion" and built seven pavilions in the north and south respectively. Forty-six years after Qianlong (178 1), the first Sikuquanshu was finally copied and bound. Then it took nearly three years to copy the second, third and fourth books and store them in Wen Yuan Pavilion, Wenshui Pavilion, Wen Yuan Pavilion and Jinwen Pavilion. This is the so-called "North Four Pavilion". From July of the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782) to the fifty-second year of Qianlong (1787), three more copies were copied and stored in the collections of Wenzong Pavilion, Wenhui Pavilion and Wen Lan Pavilion in the south of the Yangtze River. This is the so-called "Nansange". Each Sikuquanshu has 36,300 volumes and 6,752 letters. All the books in the seven museums have seals, such as the seal of Chu Zhu in the collection and the seal of Juan Zhu at the end.

In the process of compiling Sikuquanshu, the Summary of Sikuquanshu, General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Concise Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Textual Research of Sikuquanshu and Wuyingdian Juyan Edition Series were also compiled. These books can be regarded as a by-product of compiling Sikuquanshu. Summary of Sikuquanshu is the essence of Sikuquanshu, with 473 kinds of books, 1993 1 volume. The size and binding form of folio are the same as those of Sikuquanshu. In the forty-three years of Qianlong (1778), * * * copied two books: one was placed in the algae hall of the imperial garden in the palace, and the other was placed in the Weifang Bookstore of Changchun Garden outside the east wall of Yuanmingyuan. The 200-volume catalogue of Sikuquanshu is the general catalogue of books collected and preserved by Sikuquanshu. There are "examples" in front of the table of contents, a general order in front of the four parts of the subset of classics and history, and a small order in front of the major categories. Under each book, there are textual research texts such as author introduction, content overview, version origin and so on. Because these textual research words were written by famous scholars such as Ji Yun, Dai Zhen, Yao Nai and Shao, they have high academic value. The Concise Catalogue of Sikuquanshu (20 volumes) is an abridged version of the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu. It does not list the catalogue books, but only the books included in Sikuquanshu, and the abstract of each book is relatively simple. A hundred volumes of Textual Research of Sikuquanshu is the official version of Sikuquanshu, and the records and compilation of collation sentences in each book should be engraved, which has high reference value for revising ancient books. The "Wuyingdian Juzhen Edition Series" is printed with wooden movable type. Including 138 kinds of books that should be engraved in Sikuquanshu. After printing four series, Jin Jian, the host, thought that wooden movable type cost less and had high practical value, so he changed it to printing and publishing. Jin Bamboo Slips wrote the printing technology of wooden movable type into a book "Collection of Wuying Palace", which was included in Sikuquanshu. It is an important document in the history of ancient printing, translated into German and English, and spread all over the world. It has been more than 200 years since the compilation of Sikuquanshu. Of the seven books, Wen Yuan Pavilion, Wenzong Pavilion and Wen Hui Pavilion have all disappeared, and only Wen Yuan Pavilion, Jinwen Pavilion, Wenshui Pavilion and Wen Lan Pavilion have been handed down from generation to generation. Wen Yuan Pavilion is now in Taiwan Province Province, Jinwen Pavilion is in Beijing Library, and Wenshui Pavilion is in Gansu Library. The Wen Lan Pavilion was initially damaged in the war, but it was later copied and basically completed, and now it is in Zhejiang Library.

Sikuquanshu (1773) is the richest and most complete integrated work of China traditional culture. China literature, history, philosophy, science, engineering, agriculture and medicine, almost all disciplines can find its source and blood, and almost all emerging disciplines about China can find the soil and nutrition for its survival and development. Since then, as a symbol of national orthodoxy and national foundation, it has become the dream of China and even the eastern scholars to settle down and become a "national treasure" for later dynasties to maintain their rule and carry forward the great cause. Sikuquanshu has more than 3,460 kinds of books, 79,000 volumes and 36,000 volumes, which are divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections. Among them, Jingbu is divided into 10 categories, such as Yi, Shu, Poetry, Ritual, Spring and Autumn, Filial Piety, Five Classics, Four Books, Music and Primary School. "History Department" is divided into "official history, chronicle, chronicle background, special history, miscellaneous history, imperial edict memorial, biography, historical records, records, seasons, geography, official positions, political books, catalogues, historical reviews" and so on 15; "Subdivision" is divided into 14 categories, such as "Confucianism, militarists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, art, music records, miscellaneous schools, books, novelists, Buddhism and Taoism"; Ji Bu is divided into 05 categories, such as Chuci, Bieji, Zongji, Poetry Review, Ci and Qu. A total of ***44 categories. In order to preserve these classic documents, the emperor "supervised by imperial envoys", collected more than 3,800 scholars from all over the country, concentrated in Beijing for ten years, and copied seven books in neat block letters, totaling eight volumes. It is rare for the world to see the hidden pavilion. Although it has been copied by thousands of people, the font style is dignified and standardized, and the pen is meticulous, like one person. Therefore, it has very rare research, collection and appreciation value, both in content and form. After several wars, more than half of them were destroyed, making this masterpiece in the history of world publishing a rare and priceless treasure in the world.

In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), the edition of Sikuquanshu officially began, with, Liu and Sun Shiyi as editors, chief school officials in Wei Liu, editors, branch school officials and manufacturing supervisors totaling more than 400 people. Celebrity bachelors, such as Dai Zhen (Master of Chinese Studies), Shao (Master of History), Yao Nai and He also participated. At the same time, nearly 4000 copywriters were recruited, and Dazhi University gathered together, and Yilin Hanhai was an unprecedented event, which lasted 10 years. To 1782, the preparation was initially completed; Starting from 1793. It costs a lot, which is the concrete embodiment of "anti-prosperity" in the cultural history. In the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong (1773), shortly after the establishment of Siku Quanshu Library, the presidents, considering that this book covers all ages and will have a large number, put forward suggestions on color separation and binding of classics, history, books and collections. After the book is completed, it will be decorated in four colors according to the seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, that is, the classic department is green, the history department is red, the branch department is white, and the collection department is gray-black for review. Because of the large number of volumes, the catalogue of Sikuquanshu is not easy to understand. The imperial edict of Qianlong ordered the compilation of a bibliography, which only recorded the title, volume number, year and author's name, so that scholars could "find abstracts from the bibliography and get the whole book from the abstracts". In the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), Ji Yun, Liu and others, the chief editors, were ordered by Emperor Qianlong to copy the books into Sikuquanshu, which was published one by one in four historical subsets. Please write a few words if you have any questions that need special explanation. This book came to an end in forty-six years of Qianlong, with a total of twenty volumes. In fact, it is an abridged version of the Catalogue of Siku Quanshu. The classification of China's classical cultural classics began with Liu Xiang's Bielu in the Western Han Dynasty. Xun Xu in the Western Jin Dynasty established four major classifications: Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial library, the secretary province, the Hanlin Academy and other important collection places all collected books according to classics, history, books and collections, which were called "four Ku books". Qing Qianlong opened the "Siku Quanshu Museum", which was named "Siku Quanshu" when compiled. Due to the compilation of Sikuquanshu, many important classics before the Qing Dynasty were completely preserved. There are seven copies of Sikuquanshu, which are stored in Wen Yuan Pavilion of the Forbidden City, Wenshui Pavilion of Shengjing Palace (now Shenyang), Wen Yuan Pavilion of Yuanmingyuan in Beijing and Jinwen Pavilion in chengde mountain resort, Hebei. This is the North Fourth Pavilion, also called the Inner Court Pavilion, which is only for the royal family to read. The other three are located in Wenhui Pavilion in Yangzhou, Wenzong Pavilion in Zhenjiang and Wen Lan Pavilion in Hangzhou, namely Zhejiang Sange, also known as Nansangge, allowing scholars to enter the pavilion to study. In modern China, only three of the seven "Sikuquanshu" were kept intact due to the constant wars. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the collections of Wen Hui Pavilion and Wenzong Pavilion were destroyed. The collection of Wenyuan Pavilion was burned by the British and French allied forces; Many books in Wen Lan Ge were lost, but later they were basically completely copied, but not the original. 1948, when the Kuomintang government left the mainland and went to Taiwan Province Province to transport some precious collections of the Palace Museum to Taiwan Province Province, it brought the most precious collection of Sikuquanshu, Wenyuange, to Taiwan Province Province, and Wenyuange's Sikuquanshu is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. When Qing Qianlong compiled Sikuquanshu, the total number of books unfavorable to Qing Dynasty was destroyed, which was 13600 according to statistics. The total number of books burned is 6.5438+0.5 million. The total number of destroyed plates is170,8000. In addition to burning books, the Qing Dynasty systematically destroyed the archives of the Ming Dynasty. There are only over 3,000 pieces in archives of ming dynasty, mainly the Ministry of War archives of the Apocalypse and Chongzhen Dynasties, and a few official documents of Hongwu, Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Zhengde, Jiajing, Qin Long, Wanli and Taichang Dynasties. The rest of archives of ming dynasty is estimated to be no less than100000 copies, all of which have been destroyed. In addition to destroying books and files, Qing also systematically tampered with the remaining books and files.

The compilation and revision of Sikuquanshu can be said that all the books in the country have to be censored, which is not only unfavorable for banning Yu Daqing's literature, but also unfavorable for tampering with the previous characters involving Khitan, Nuzhen, Mongolia, Liao, Jin and Yuan. More than 3,000 kinds of banned books and more than 0/50,000 books/kloc were seized. More than 700,000 books were burned, and as many books were banned as those in Ku's collection. "At the beginning of the imperial edict, teeth in unofficial history next season. Later, the Siku Library discussed that Wei Jin people said Liao Jin Yuan and Ming Dynasty people said Yuan Yuan. This argument is even more ridiculous, and everything will be destroyed ... After Qin Long, as for the last years of the Ming Dynasty, it was written by ministers, and all the decadent things were left behind. " During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the works of Huang Daozhou, Yuan Jixian, Qian, Gu, Huang Zongxi and Sun Qifeng were all banned. Later, it was slightly relaxed. Some people's works need not be destroyed as long as they are "changed and violated." However, the works of Qian, Qu Dajun, Jin Bao, Wang Xihou and Yin Jiaquan are strictly prohibited. There are "nearly 3,000 kinds of books were destroyed during the Qianlong period, with more than 60,000 volumes, and there are many kinds, which are almost the same as the number of books in the four libraries". Wu Han said, "The Qing people compiled the Sikuquanshu, and the ancient books died!" The literary inquisition was so thorough that Wu Sangui's article on Anti-Qing Movement, a book on Ten Days in Yangzhou and a book on A Brief Introduction to Jiading Slaughterhouse were annihilated in China for more than 200 years, and it took another 200 years to find them out from Japan!

It is a well-known fact that many ancient books collected in Sikuquanshu have been tampered with. The compilers of Sikuquanshu tried their best to abandon and destroy the works reflecting ethnic contradictions, ethnic oppression and national fighting spirit, and tampered with the famous works that had to be included. For example, Yue Fei's famous sentence "Man Jiang Hong" "Hungry for pork, laughing at Hun blood". "Gourd" and "Xiongnu" were taboo in Qing Dynasty. So the librarian of Sikuquanshu changed it to "Hungry to eat meat, laughing and spilling blood." Zhang Xiaoxiang's masterpiece "Song of Six Kingdoms: Looking Long and Brokeback" describes that the hometown of Confucius in the north was occupied by Jin people: "On temples, the land of string songs is also fishy." Taboo "fishy smell" was changed to "withering". Chen Liang's "The tune of water is not long" says: "Yaodu, Shundi, Yufeng. There should be a semi-shameful minister in the middle. " "Shame on my honor" broke the taboo and changed to "holding a carved bow". What's even more ridiculous is that Xin Qiji's "The Sunset Grass Trees, Ordinary Alleys, Humanity Sending Slaves to Live" was changed to "Humanity Song Zhuren once lived". "Sending slaves" is posthumous title of Song Wudi, the founding emperor of the Southern Dynasties. The emperor was nicknamed, and the librarian of Sikuquanshu, who was used to being a slave, felt uncomfortable and changed it.

Another example is the Khitan Official Instrument in the Song Dynasty, which records the knowledge and experience of Liao people: "Officials of Hu people and those who also lead secondary vocational schools all wear Hu clothes and are called Khitan officials. Tommy, the word minister, is called the secret of North Shu and the Prime Minister of North. The person who leads Yan's secondary vocational work is called Han Guan, although the conference semifinals are also Hanfu. The ruler is the prime minister and secretary of the south. " Si Kuben was changed to: "The officials in charge of secondary vocational affairs in Qidan are called Qidan officials. Tommy, the word minister, is called the secret of North Shu and the Prime Minister of North. Leading Yan to work in a secondary vocational school is called Han Guan, although China people are also Hanfu. The ruler is the prime minister and secretary of the south. " Remove "Khufu" and "Ren Hu".

Scholar Lu Xun said when he criticized the literati in Ming and Qing Dynasties:

"Now, if nothing else, it is thrilling enough to look at Yongzheng Qianlong and Qianlong's works for the Chinese people. Not to mention thorough destruction, smoking and gouging out, the most insidious thing is to delete the contents of ancient books. The compilation of Sikuquanshu in Qianlong period was praised by many people as a prosperous time, but they not only messed up the format of ancient books, but also revised the articles of the ancients. It is not only hidden in the palace, but also endowed with a strong style of writing, so that scholars all over the world can read it, and they will never feel that there are some people with great backbone among China's authors ... Some textual research scholars in the Qing Dynasty once said, "Ming people are fond of engraving ancient books, but ancient books are dead" because they made mistakes. I thought that after this, the Qing people compiled the Sikuquanshu, and the ancient books died out because they messed up the old style and deleted the original text; Today's people (Republic of China) died of ordering ancient books, and they died of disorderly ordering, and the Buddha's head was covered with dung: this is the three evils of ancient books except fire, water and soldiers. "

"Since Jiaqing Daoguang, the atmosphere of cherishing the Song and Yuan versions has gradually flourished, and the emperor Qianlong's' sacred concern' has not been realized. The publication of some books in Song and Yuan Dynasties exposed the conspiracy at that time. The first thing that inspired me was two pieces of Mao Ting Hakka in the Lin Lang Chamber of Secrets series, one was the school Song edition and the other was the Siku edition, both of which were books, but the two pieces were often different, and they must be about Hua Yi. This must be the deletion of Sikuben; I read it in Lien Win Song Ben's book, but I didn't. It's too expensive to buy, so I can't give an example. But there's an easier way. The newly published Four Series Sequels is naturally a new old book, but it contains the archives of China's assassination in Qing Dynasty. For example, Song's Rong Zhai Essays to Wu Bi were all printed with Song Ying and movable type. According to Zhang Yuanji's postscript, three of them are not found in the Qing dynasty. What is the content of the deleted article? In order to cherish paper and ink, I only recorded a book "The Suffering of Prisoners in the North" in the third volume of "Three Things of Rongzhai" here-Yuan and Wei broke Jiangling, and all prisoners were slaves, regardless of their status, and it was natural to cover Beiguan. Since Jingkang, those who were trapped in the city, the prince and grandson of Di Zi, and the official's home, have never been slaves. Each person supports five buckets of barnyard grass in January to turn himself into rice, and each bucket gets eight liters of food; When I was five years old, I was arrested and pretended to be Qiu. Besides, there is no money to enter. Men can't catch it, so they run naked all year round. Lu is still in mourning, which will make you hold on. Although you are heated by the fire, you will still go out to collect firewood and sit by the fire. In a few days, your skin will fall off and die. But I like skilled people, such as medical workers and embroidery workers. Usually, I sit on the ground in groups, lined with unsuccessful seats or reeds. When you meet guests, you will have a banquet, and those who can attract people will play with their skills. After all, I will still sit around and embroider: let them live as if they were dirt. ...... "Si Ku Quan Shu" is actually a "four incomplete" defective product or even a waste product. What is "four imperfections"? Because in the process of editing, a surprising number of books were burned, deleted, tampered with and wrong, and all this was intentional.

First, combustion

There are 3.461volume, 79,000 volumes and nearly 770 million words in Sikuquanshu. There are more than 3,000 kinds of banned books (estimated to be 6,766 and 93,556), and the number of banned books exceeds the total income. This is not to mention the terrible atmosphere caused by the imperial edict at that time and the books secretly burned by the people. I'm afraid more than ten thousand books will be destroyed altogether. This is really an unprecedented cultural catastrophe.

Second, pruning

Just to give a few examples, according to Mr. Huang Shang's textual research, the imperial edict of Qianlong's forty-one years: if there are words in the book, you don't have to abolish the whole book; Forty-four years after Qianlong, the forbidden network has noticed local chronicles; Forty-five years after Qianlong's reign, his attention expanded to the fields of popular literature such as wild epics, plays and novels. Fifty years after Qianlong, in Memorabilia of the Late Ming Dynasty, it was changed from "Wu Sangui killed Li Zicheng" to "Qing army killed Li Zicheng".

Third, tampering

Mr. Lu Xun once said: "The Qing people usurped the Sikuquanshu, and the ancient books perished because they messed up the old style and deleted the original text." (Miscellaneous Talks after Illness) Not only the works closely related to the interests of the rulers of the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were vigorously eliminated, but also the Song Dynasty. For example, the famous sentence in Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" was changed to "Hungry to eat meat and laughing to drink the blood of Xiongnu", because "Land Rover" and "Xiongnu" were taboo in the Qing Dynasty. The most ridiculous thing is Xin Qiji's "Forever Happiness": "Grass trees in the sunset, ordinary alleys, human nature sent slaves to live" was changed to "human nature Song Zhu once lived". Posthumous title, the former Emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, has nothing to do with taboos such as Hu, Rong, Yi and Lu, but slaves are afraid of tyranny and arrogance, so "consciously" to be on the safe side, we should know that "dogs always run ahead".

Fourth, mistakes and mistakes.

Li Yuerui, a Shaanxi scholar who supported the new law during the Reform Movement of 1898, mentioned the Twenty-four Histories of Wuyingdian in his note "A Brief Talk on Zhai Yi". "When reading" Twenty-four History of Wuying Temple ",only the collation history, Han and national records are innocent and detailed, and the book of Jin is not as good as that of Jin, and the typos cannot be enumerated." Is it the negligence of the shopkeeper in Siku Library? No, this is a pantomime performed by the treasurer, the official in the inner government and the eunuch in order to please the emperor-deliberately leaving some mistakes that are easy to see, waiting for the dry dragon who likes proofreading to mark them, and then reprimanding the treasurer for being "unlearned", thus "enjoying it" and feeling that his knowledge is also above that of the treasurer who is "the best in the world and a liberal scholar for a while". "However, although I like proofreading, I didn't proofread word for word at first, so I was tired after reading it for a long time. Every sample is submitted without looking at it. It needs to be revised with a big brush and a big notebook and printed as it is. Although the clerk knows his mistake, he dare not change the log. "

As can be seen from the above, the destruction, deletion and modification, including a large number of mistakes left behind, are intentional. Investigate its reason, still have to analyze the real intention of editing Sikuquanshu by Gan Long. In Fei Zhengqing's magnum opus "America and China", he clearly pointed out the real intention of the Qing rulers to compile "Sikuquanshu": "Through this huge project, the Qing court actually conducted a text inventory (literary" religious trial "), and one of its purposes was to ban all works that criticized foreign rulers. Editors can also find out all heretical works that should be banned or destroyed when searching for rare books and compiling the full text into this big library. As demonstrated by L.C. goodrich, this is the biggest ideological rule. "