When you come to the wall of the Paris Commune, you can feel the revolutionary spirit of the soldiers of the Paris Commune.

/kloc-In the late 8th century, the French capitalist industry was relatively developed, and the feudal rule of Bourbon Wang Lang hampered the development of capitalism. At the same time, France retained the feudal hierarchy, and the third hierarchy and the privileged hierarchy were in opposition, demanding the overthrow of the feudal system, which led to the bourgeois revolution. The French Revolution not only overthrew the Bourbon Dynasty and destroyed the feudal system in France, but also shook the foundation of the feudal system in other European countries and accelerated the development of capitalism. The French bourgeois revolution broke out at the beginning of capitalist machine production, and the bourgeoisie was on the rise, playing a leading role in the revolution and relying on the strength of the masses, thus becoming the biggest and most thorough revolution in the bourgeois revolutionary era. 187 1 year, the Paris commune revolution broke out in France. The Paris Commune Revolution is an epoch-making revolution and the first great attempt of the proletariat to overthrow bourgeois rule and establish proletarian dictatorship. The Paris Commune Revolution dealt a heavy blow to capitalism, and capitalism began to decline.

The Paris Commune was the workers' revolutionary government established by the French proletariat in 187 1 and the first proletarian regime in human history.

1870, France launched the Franco-Prussian War for European hegemony, and the French army was defeated. In September, the Paris Revolution overthrew the Second Empire, the Third Republic was proclaimed, and the bourgeois national defense government was established. At that time, Pu Jun occupied more than 0/3 of France/KLOC-0, and 65438+100000 Pujun advanced to Paris. Paris workers rose up against the Japanese. The Garde nationale, which is dominated by workers, has grown to about 300,000 people in three weeks and bought hundreds of cannons. But the national defense government is more afraid of workers' armed forces than the Prussian army. After suppressing two armed uprisings of the people of Paris, an armistice agreement was signed with Prussia. 187 1 February, the traitor thiers organized a new government and continued to implement the policy of betraying national interests and opposing the proletariat.

/kloc-in the early morning of March, 2008, the government of thiers sent troops to attack the gun field in Mont martel highland in an attempt to disarm the workers. Under the leadership of the Central Committee of the National Guard, the workers in Paris defeated the government forces, held an armed uprising and occupied the Paris municipal government. The government of thiers fled to Versailles. With the victory of the Paris Commune Revolution, the Central Committee of the National Guard became the actual temporary revolutionary government. However, instead of advancing to Versailles, the Central Committee was busy with commune elections, giving reactionaries a breathing space and making a fatal mistake. On March 28th, rainville, a newly elected commune member, solemnly announced: "I announced the establishment of a commune with in the name of people!" The first proletarian regime in human history was born.

In the two months after the establishment of the Paris Commune, many far-reaching and important measures were implemented: the commune committee was declared as the sole regime to replace the old government, and 10 new committees were established to replace the ministries of the old government; Cancel the conscription system and the standing army, and declare the national guards with workers as the main body as the only armed force; Implement a democratic system that combines democratic elections with mass supervision; Cancel the high salary and implement the part-time system without part-time salary. The commune has also promulgated a series of laws to protect workers. These measures have provided valuable experience for the construction of proletarian regime and enriched and developed the theory of scientific socialism.

When Paris was immersed in the joy of the victory of the uprising, the thiers government once again assembled its armed forces and colluded with the Prussian army to invade Paris on May 2 1. After a week of fierce street fighting, in the early morning of May 28th, the soldiers of the Paris Commune ran out of ammunition and food, and all the last members of 147 were slaughtered by the reactionary army under the wall of the northeast corner of Abbe Cemetery in lachaise. This wall of Abbe Cemetery in lachaise is called "Paris Commune Warrior Wall" by later generations, which is the eternal historical witness of the spirit of Paris Commune.

Although the Paris Commune failed, its historical achievements are indelible. Marx once said: "The workers' Paris and its commune will always be respected as glorious pioneers of the new society. Its heroes and heroes have always been remembered in the great hearts of the working class. "

The Paris Commune has been supported and praised by Marx, which is of great value to the perfection and maturity of Marxist theoretical form. As for the fact that the Paris Commune has been guided by Marxism, this cannot be established. On the contrary, the Paris Commune Revolution guided and promoted the development of revolutionary theory.

For example, the development of theories about the state and revolution. According to the experience of 1848- 185 1 year, Marx once suggested that the proletarian revolution has faced the task of "concentrating all destructive forces" against the state power, that is, the task of "destroying" the state machine. However, in 1852, he did not specifically put forward the problem of replacing the state machine that must be eliminated, because experience had not provided the material for this problem at that time, and it was only in 187 1 that history put this issue on the agenda. Marx and Engels pointed out that due to the practical experience of the February Revolution, especially the practical experience of the Paris Commune, where the proletariat came to power for the first time for two months, their theory on the state and revolution has made great progress. Especially the commune has proved that:

"The working class cannot simply master the ready-made state machine and use it to achieve their own goals. (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, p. 229, vol./kloc-0) On the development of capitalist social theory in the future. After 187 1 Paris Commune, Marxist theory on capitalist society has developed to an important stage. On the basis of the experience of the Paris Commune, Marx further demonstrated and developed the thought of transitional period and proletarian dictatorship, making it a mature theoretical form. In 1875, he made a complete conclusion: "There is a revolutionary transition period from the former to the latter between capitalist society and capitalist society. In line with this period, there is also a political transition period, and the country in this period can only be a proletarian revolutionary dictatorship. " (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 3, page 2 1) In the past, this question was expressed as follows: in order to realize its own liberation, the proletariat should overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish its own revolutionary dictatorship. Now the formulation of the problem is somewhat different: after the proletariat overthrew the bourgeois rule, it can't realize * * * productism immediately, and it is necessary to build a society based on capitalist private ownership.

The transformation to a society based on public ownership of the means of production must also go through a "revolutionary transformation period"; Adapted to the period of economic transformation, the political feature of this period is "proletarian revolutionary dictatorship". This regards the transitional period from capitalism to capitalism and the dictatorship of the proletariat as a unified and inseparable historical process. Marx and Engels' works during the period of 187 1 Paris Commune, and later works that were theoretically summarized on the basis of the experience of the Commune, mainly include Civil War in France, Political Action against the Working Class, and Commemorating the Seventh Anniversary of the International Foundation.