Shaanxi customs composition

Shaanxi Customs Essay

Shaanxi is one of the birthplaces of the Chinese nation. More than ten dynasties or important regimes, including Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang, have established their capitals here. It is also the birthplace of the revolution. Yan'an, where the holy land is located, is rich in classics and cultural relics, and many customs and habits have historical origins that can be traced. Geographically: it faces the Yellow River in the east, Guanlong in the west, the grassland beyond the Great Wall in the north, the Bashu Water Town in the south, and spans the Northern Shaanxi Plateau, the Weishui Basin and the Qinba Mountains. Folk customs have a long history, deep roots and luxuriant roots, and are also full of novelties and splendor.

1. The regional division of Shaanxi folk culture and the development of the Qin and Han Dynasties

The regional division of Shaanxi folk culture is divided into: Guanzhong area, northern Shaanxi area and southern Shaanxi area.

Regarding the geographical characteristics, historical status, early management and the legacy of promoting agriculture in the early Western Han Dynasty in the Guanzhong area, "Historical Records Huozhi Zhuan" said: "Guanzhong stretches from Qianyong east to Hehua, with fertile soil and wild fields thousands of miles away. , since the "Gong" of Yu Xia, it was said that Gong Liu was in the field, and King Tai and Wang Ji were in charge of Qiwen and King Wu, so they still had the legacy of the previous kings, and they were good at planting walls and growing grains. "

Regarding the emergence of new humanistic features, regional characteristics and customs in northern Shaanxi, "Cefu Yuangui" said: "Qin Shihuang left Meng Tian to fight against the Huns. He found the land thousands of miles north of Henan to create Yang, so he built cities and moved people to live there. It is called 'Xin Qin'. ""Hanshu Geography" says: "Anding, Beidi, Shangjun, and Xihe are all close to Rongzhai. They practice war preparations, noble strength, shooting strength, and hunting first. "This background can be mutually confirmed by the sound and image of the waist drum in northern Shaanxi.

Regarding the early customs in Shaanxi, "Hanzhong Prefecture" said: "Hanzhong Prefecture has strong and simple customs, practicing agriculture and archery. The Wudu clan is mostly Qiang Rong people, and their people are half Qin Dynasty. Brave; the land is dangerous and narrow, the people are semi-Chu, and the customs are slightly the same as those of Jingzhou and Mianzhou counties. "Huanyu Ji" says: "The emperor of the Han Dynasty sent Bashu to conquer the Three Qin Dynasties, and moved the seven surnames of Shu to Shangluo. Most of their customs were hunting mountains. "Lumbering is deeply rooted in Chu style." "Ningqiang Prefecture Chronicles" also said: "Ningqiang Prefecture" has both northern and southern customs, and its language is mixed with Qin and Shu. All fully demonstrate the mutual influence of customs in adjacent areas and the regional characteristics of customs.

Regarding the evaluation of pre-Qin customs, "Xue Si'an (Yelu)" said: "When I read "Qin Feng", I was delighted by the poems without sexual immorality, and I saw that Qin customs were good." It shows the appreciation of Qi Zhou. The origin of the inheritance of good customs.

After the fall of Qin and the rise of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, marched into Shangluo, passed through Bashang, entered Xianyang in the west, and settled in Hanzhong in the south; he fought back against the Three Qin Dynasties and established his capital in Chang'an. a new historical period.

Regarding the changes, characteristics and significance of customs in the Qin Dynasty, Zhu Xi, an acting scholar of the Song Dynasty, gave a rather in-depth summary and discussion in "The Biography of Zhu Xi's Poems". I would like to transcribe it as follows: "The customs of the Qin Dynasty generally valued spirit, bravery first, and neglected life and death. However, speaking of its origin, King Wen used the land of Qifeng to prosper, and the transformation of 'Ernan' was just like that of others. It is loyal and generous. If the people of Qin use it and change their customs soon, they will have the spirit of inviting the eight states to the same line. Why? If you guide them with kindness, they will be easy to rise and be committed to benevolence and righteousness; if you drive them with courage, they will be strong enough to conquer the enemy and become rich and powerful, which is beyond the reach of the other countries in Shandong."

This comment is a summary and summary of historical development, and it also has a significant reference role in understanding future historical development.

2. The development of folk customs and production customs in Shaanxi from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties

In the historical stages of Han, Wei, and Jin Dynasties, the activities of Fangtu Rangers, Taoism, and Buddhism successively The emergence in society has a corresponding impact on folk culture, adds new factors to social life to varying degrees, and causes corresponding changes in customs. By the time Fang Tu Youxia arrived in the Han Dynasty, it had gradually been integrated with folk entertainment or appeared in the form of folk entertainment, and it was quite common in cities. "Sui Shu Geography" said: "The people of Hanzhong are simple and unliterary, not very interested in profit, they are addicted to food and drink, and they are busy in the fields and fisheries. Although they have a small house and a wooden door, their food must be delicious. They like to worship ghosts and gods, but they are especially jealous of confusion. , family members died and often left their former homes.

There is still Zhang Luguiyan who respects Taoism! "The characteristics of local customs are still strong; the influence of Taoism and Buddhism is also obvious.

By the Tang Dynasty, the relationship between folk customs and the government was also very close. "Chronicles of the Years of the Middle Qin Dynasty" said: " In the Tang Dynasty, a banquet was given to Qujiang River, and people drank with each other at the head of the river and trampled on the green grass, which was called "outing". "The Chronicles of the Year under the Chariot" says: "Every year in the tombs of Chang'an, they often recommend soup, cakes, chicken blankets, etc. for cold food, and also recommend Leizi chariots; when the food is served during the Qingming Festival, the children of the inner garden officials will burn fire in front of the temple, and the first one will get it. Fire enters. He was given three pieces of silk and a golden bowl, and everyone gathered at Yanxing Gate to watch the concubine go out to sweep the city, and the carriages and horses were noisy. The new Jinshi will hold a banquet with a carpet in Yuedeng Pavilion, or give the ministers the following fermented rice wine, that is, heavy brewing. ”

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, things were prosperous, the Silk Road was smooth, and merchants from Chang’an gathered from all directions. There were many hotels, restaurants, and tea shops. In the prosperous food market, Hu Feng cooking and Hu Ji wine shops were also available. It has become a folk spectacle.

Li Bai once described the situation at that time in his "Youth Journey": "When I was young in Wuling, I rode the spring breeze with a white horse; where would I go after all the fallen flowers?" Laughing into the Orchid Wine Shop. "At that time, Hu Ji learned to use flour to make Hu cakes with her own national characteristics, which was also known all over the country. Bai Juyi once wrote a poem, "Learn from Kyoto like Hu cakes." According to research, the current sesame biscuits are derived from Hu cakes at that time. It evolved. Noodles have been the traditional staple food of Shaanxi people since ancient times. Shaanxi agriculture has a long history, and production customs are constantly developing in the process of social and historical development.

In the Guanzhong area, people praise the riddle of the waterwheel. The text on the riddle is: "Cao Cao sits alone in the Central Plains, wearing eight clothes and leading thousands of troops!" "

As for the water towns in southern Shaanxi, the production customs are even more spectacular. "Chenggu County Chronicle" said: "Before and after Xiaoman, farmers planted rice seedlings. The proverb goes: 'The water holds the rice seedlings and plants them in the wild fields. When you lower your head, you can see the water. Heaven; only when the six roots are pure can we become rice, and retreat turns out to be forward! '" creates and reflects another quite high spiritual realm. The philosophy and artistic techniques contained in it are also impressive and worthy of deep appreciation. It can also be seen that the creativity of the people is indeed infinite and worthy of Pay attention to learning.

Three Shaanxi folk customs related to the connotation and role of production and life

(1) Shaanxi production customs related to praying for wealth and blessings to welcome the gods. For example, "Tianlu Pavilion Shilu" says: "Qin customs are to carry drums and play in the countryside on February 2, and go back to the countryside in the morning and evening, which is called 'welcoming wealth'". In ancient my country, She and Ji were the gods of earth and grain. Setting up a shrine (ancestral hall) to worship ancestors, "spring and autumn", and pray for a good harvest.

(2) There are also many ethics-related customs, such as "paying homage to ancestors", such as tomb sweeping during the Qingming Festival. During summer heat, "grave laying", "Qingshu day" and "Zhongyuan Festival, Magu offers sacrifices to ancestors", winter clothes are given on October 1st, winter solstice and "twelfth lunar month" offer sacrifices to ancestors, etc.

In Dun Chong Lun Chang and He Hu Township. , There are also many customs that pay attention to in-laws. For close relatives, in addition to paying homage to elders, brothers, and uncles (daughter-in-law) on New Year's Day, and staying together on New Year's Eve, there are "New Year's money" for children, married daughters, sons-in-law, and nephews. , the nephew wants to pay New Year greetings to his mother's family, his in-law's family, and his uncle's family during the Spring Festival, when the wheat is ripe, when they are busy, and during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Daughters, sons-in-law, and nephews should "send lanterns", "visit summer", "send (Dragon Boat Festival)" and "send (Double Ninth Festival) cakes" during Lantern Festival, Summer Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Double Ninth Festival! In addition, many "goodwill" have been formed in the harmonious countryside! During the Spring Festival, after family worship, they would go out to worship each other and invite each other to a banquet. "Xianning County Report"; "On New Year's Day, scholar-bureaucrats would worship their ancestors in auspicious clothes, then worship their father's history, and go out to worship their teachers. , new tribes; the same goes for Qi people. ”

In addition, in the Guanzhong area, there is also the custom of “the newlywed woman visits the household” after the wedding.

(3) In terms of health and cultural and sports activities customs, after the stove sacrifice on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, It is common in various places to "clean the house" and welcome the New Year. Women go out for activities at the end of winter to improve their health. It is also the same in many places. Similar.

When winter comes to an end and spring arrives, young men, women, and the whole people engage in cultural and sports activities in various names and forms to entertain the body and mind and improve health, each with its own characteristics.

During the (fourth) year of the year, there are many customs of comforting orphans, giving alms and carrying out public welfare activities. For example, during the Qingming Festival, people visit solitary graves and graves without owners. There are many places where people give up their food during festivals.

(5) With the development of social history, the increase in cultural exchanges within and outside the province and at home and abroad, and the needs of people’s spiritual life, legendary stories, characters, historical figures and even figures from outside the region have gradually entered folk life. , so much so that a special meeting was held to commemorate. Among them, for example: ① "Mending the sky and mending the earth" in memory of Nuwa's "refining stones to mend the sky" is very common and came into being earlier. ②February 2nd is the Yaowang Temple Convention: "Xixiang County Chronicle" records: "On February 2nd, the Yaowang Temple Convention in Gaoping Temple, men and women arrived, went out for an outing, picked wild vegetables for food." There are such gatherings in other places such as Yaowang Mountain in Yao County. Legend has it that February 2 is Sun Simiao's birthday. ③ Tomb-sweeping during the Cold Food Festival during the Qingming Festival not only infuses the meaning of commemorating Jie Zitui, but also sweeps military tombs. ④ During the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat rice dumplings, race dragon boats, and drink realgar wine. In addition to the former, it has the meaning of commemorating Qu Yuan. The latter has the story of "White Snake Empress and Xu Guanren" in "The Legend of the White Snake", which further confirms the idea of ??drinking realgar wine to dispel evil and avoid disasters. effect, making this custom more popular. Dragon Boat Festival races are also very lively in many places. Yuexi Customs Essay 400

Mathematics is inseparable from everything in life. As long as you are good at observation, you will find that mathematics is inseparable from you. After studying proportion knowledge for six years, I deeply realized that mathematics has brought us many benefits. It was a sunny afternoon. My brother and I made an appointment to go to the Forest Park at 2 o'clock and then go to the zoo to play together. After arriving at the destination, since it was our first time to go to the Forest Park Zoo, we had to buy a map of the park. After I got the map, my brother quietly walked over to me and snatched the map away. I had no choice but to suppress my unreasonable anger towards this "little naughty bag". Then my younger brother said to me seriously: "Brother, let me as your guide take you to find the lion today!" At this time, I thought to myself: I hope it won't go the other way! After that, my brother led me around like a headless fly. After about an hour, I finally couldn't bear it anymore and shouted: "What are you doing? I'm almost exhausted. Why haven't you arrived yet?" He took the map back and suddenly realized that it was his pushy brother who misunderstood the map's scale of 1:5000 as 1 centimeter on the map to represent the actual 5000 centimeters. "Oh, it's so important to learn a skill well! If you are self-righteous like my brother and don't study hard, the consequences will often be self-defeating!" Then, based on the knowledge I learned, after a while, we Came to the lion. Look at my brother's envious look. He is even begging me to accept him as my apprentice! Knowledge is the key to success. Students, study hard! Let us use our own efforts to create a wonderful life tomorrow! What are the customs and habits of Shaanxi?

The representatives of Shaanxi’s customs are none other than the ‘Ten Weird People’. 1. Noodles are like belts; 2. Pot helmets are like pot lids; 3. Spicy peppers are a dish; 4. Hot buns are sold by big names; 5. Bowls and basins are difficult to separate; 6. Papa wears it on his head; 7. Half of the house is covered; 8. The girl keeps quiet; 9, does not squat; 10, sings and roars. A 400-word essay on the custom of eating mutton in Shaanxi

As soon as we arrived in Dongzhi, people were rushing to eat mutton. Of course, I am no exception. The day before arriving in the east, I ate mutton at my grandmother’s house. As soon as the fragrant mutton soup was served, I wanted to finish it in one go. I took a whiff, ah! I feel like I have entered a fairyland, what a smell! "Smells! It smells so good! Dad, can I eat it?" I said hopefully. Unexpectedly, my father criticized me and said, "Grandpa didn't even eat, so what do you eat?" My grandfather has passed away. Every time before eating, I have to let him eat first, otherwise it will be disrespectful to the older generation. But I couldn't help it anymore, so I ate some while they were not paying attention. ah! It’s so delicious! I entered wonderland again. Unexpectedly, the next day, I was unlucky in everything I did.

oops! I thought of what my father said yesterday and was shocked. Could it be that my grandfather was angry with me and made me unlucky? So I was careful no matter what I did the next day, and finally escaped a disaster. There are also superstitions in today’s scientific world! Shaanxi New Year customs

The first day of the first lunar month is commonly known as "New Year". This is the most solemn festival in urban and rural areas of the county. In the old days, starting from the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, people began to buy new year's goods, clean the courtyard, and decorate the inner room, which was called "sweeping the house." On the 30th, except for drug stores, all businesses were closed and every household posted Spring Festival couplets. This evening was called "New Year's Eve". At that time, the whole family gets together and makes dumplings. At the same time, rice is offered to ancestors and incense is burned to "sacrifice gods." At dawn on the first day of the Lunar New Year, men, women and children, change into new clothes and fire cannons to welcome the spring. They first burn incense to their ancestors and then "kowtow" to their elders. In order to show their care, the elders give lucky money to the younger generation. Neighbors keep each other company. Come to visit each other to pay "New Year greetings" (commonly known as kowtow) to the elders of each family. Then, every family eats dumplings. From then on, gongs and drums were noisy, dramas were performed, Shehuo was played, and Yangko was performed until the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. A 450-word essay on customs and food in Jiangxi

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the lunar calendar is the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as the Dragon Boat Festival, Wuday Festival, May Festival, AI Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chongwu, Wuri, summer festival. Although the names are different, the customs of people in various places to celebrate the festival are the same. The Dragon Boat Festival is an old custom in my country for more than 2,000 years. On this day, every household hangs a statue of Zhongkui, hangs moxa leaves and calamus, races dragon boats, eats rice dumplings, drinks realgar wine, travels to all diseases, and wears sachets. Today is the Dragon Boat Festival. Do you know the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival? I don’t know! Then let me tell you! Do you still remember Qu Yuan, the patriotic general of Chu State? Let me talk about him! Qu Yuan was a man who went abroad during the Warring States Period and was very knowledgeable. He served as an official next to the King of Chu and used his image to make his country rich and powerful. The foolish king of Chu believed the words of his treacherous officials and dismissed Qu Yuan from his post and was exiled. In exile, Qu Yuan heard that the capital of Chu State was occupied by the enemy and the people were suffering. He was extremely sad and angry. On the fifth day of May, he came to the Miluo River, held a stone in his arms, and jumped into the Miluo River. The people who went abroad were very sad when they heard the news that Qu Yuan had thrown himself into the river. They... Essay on Customs and Habits of Shanxi

Clothing, food, housing and transportation are the main forms of folk customs in a region and are also an important factor in forming local living habits and human characteristics. Among them, the variability in clothing and travel is greater, and the diet is different. For example, people in southeastern Shanxi will eat millet after eating white noodles for three days in a row, while people in southern Shanxi who are used to eating white steamed buns may not even have a meal of sorghum noodles. Not used to it. Jinzhong people love to eat pasta, and vinegar is always a must-have on the table. Another example is folk houses. The characteristics of Shanxi folk houses are very obvious. Now I will introduce some typical customs of clothing, food, housing and transportation. The food and clothing of Shanxi people - folk art gt; gt; folk art gt; gt; folk paper-cutting, folk dough sculptures, folk kang paintings, folk toys, folk sculptures, folk woodblock prints, Taiyuan folk art, Shanxi opera, Shanxi folk embroidery: embroidered purses, embroidered clothes, children's hats, ear muffs, bellybands, vests, children's shoes, embroidered shoes, insoles, bibs, money bag noodles, pockets, kiln curtains, letter inserts Shanxi folk New Year pictures: blessing and longevity pictures, longevity pictures , Fushou Zhongtang, Magu's birthday, more than a year, more than auspicious celebrations, flowers of the motherland, woodblock New Year pictures, opera New Year pictures, door god New Year pictures, Spring Festival door pictures, Spring couplets, window grilles Shanxi folk social fire: making lanterns, making red fires, setting off fireworks, stilts, running Land boat, bamboo horse racing, trolley dance, chair dance, lion dance, dragon dance, dragon boat dance, high yellow platform, hanging flower drum, iron rod and back stick, fisherman playing with sea clams, Mr. Shen sitting in a sedan chair, Jinnan Blood Society Fire Yellow River Lantern Festival , Customs of Changwu County, Shaanxi

Traditional Food

Folk eating habits are mainly wheat, corn, sorghum, with buckwheat, millet, cereal and other miscellaneous grains. Home-cooked meals include steamed buns, rice soup or noodles. In rural areas, it is customary to have two meals a day and three meals during busy periods. Dinner is commonly known as soup. The food likes sour and spicy food, and the workmanship is fine. Taking wheat noodles as an example, it can be steamed, rolled, baked, fried, baked, washed, pressed, spread, etc. There are many varieties and different styles. Changwu people are very hospitable, and their banquets include pan-frying, stir-frying, braising and deep-frying. They have both Guanzhong and Longdong flavors and are very particular about color and taste.

Generally, the banquets are "Wukui", "Baqiaowu", "Chongba", "Chongjiu", "Manshi", etc. Folks pay more attention to dignity and pomp when celebrating. Festival food is relatively rich, and noodles and meat dishes are eaten during the New Year. , hot pot, rice dumplings on the Dragon Boat Festival, moon cakes on the Mid-Autumn Festival, jujube cakes on the Double Ninth Festival, and rice porridge on the Laba Festival.

Etiquette Communication

Changwu people pay attention to etiquette and friendship in communication. Send welcome and hospitality. When relatives, friends or teachers come, a banquet will be held to welcome them. When close relatives and close friends go to take exams, take office, or travel far away, a banquet will be held to see them off. Opening a business, building a house, moving into a new home, recruiting apprentices, men and women getting married, full moon birthdays, old people celebrating their birthdays, making coffins, and congratulating each other on festivals or events, giving gifts, and entertaining guests. When things happen, there must be a "ceremony book" for reference and reciprocity.

Respecting the old and caring for the young has always been a virtue among the people. During festivals and festivals, people sacrifice their ancestors, kowtow and salute the elders. Bow to each other and greet each other. Regardless of public occasions or daily life, the names are friendly and the elders and younger ones are in an orderly manner. Be courteous to the elderly when walking, entering, talking, eating, and riding in cars. When sitting at the table, the younger generation toasts to the elders and guests.

People pay attention to proper gift-giving in their interactions. When getting married, the woman is given "add-on boxes", including clothing materials, bed sheets, quilt covers, flower glasses, etc.; when the man is given congratulatory gifts, including clothing materials, bed sheets, quilt covers, photo albums, vases, cash, etc.; on birthdays, the elderly are given birthday couplets, birthday banners, etc.; Give baby hats, shoes, children's clothes, toys, etc. as gifts when the baby is one month old; give wreaths, elegiac couplets, plaques, memorial services, etc. at funerals; and if relatives and friends are killed in disaster, go to express condolences or provide financial assistance. On other festivals, gifts may be given as appropriate, ranging in size, depending on the distance between relatives and financial resources.

Changwu people attach great importance to the friendship between relatives, have frequent contacts and warm hospitality. Whenever a rare visitor comes to the door, the host will treat him warmly and provide at least a cigarette and a cup of strong tea. When there is a meal, take care of the food and drink, be humble and courteous. During banquets or ordinary meals, the plates should be placed on the crossbar and the back wall of the house to serve guests politely. During the banquet, the host diligently toasted, persuaded and said "eat well". When the guests leave, the whole family goes outside the gate to thank each other and say goodbye.

It has become a traditional custom for neighbors to help each other and show care and consideration when encountering emergencies. Farmers build houses, rush to harvest and plant crops during the busy farming season, and help workers to return work without any consideration for remuneration. In the event of natural or man-made disasters, if there is trouble in one place, support will come from all directions.

Seasonal Customs

Spring Festival

The Spring Festival, the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, is commonly known as New Year, New Year, New Year's Day, and Chinese New Year. For breakfast, I always eat noodles in saozi soup. Before the meal, the younger members of the family kneel down and kowtow to their elders. After the meal, men of the same ethnic group gather together and go from village to house to pay "New Year greetings" to the elders. After the meeting, whether in the family courtyard or on the roadside at the end of the village, relatives and friends meet and bow to each other everywhere, and wish each other congratulations. After entering the house, if you encounter someone who has died less than three years ago, you will first bow to the spirit tablet, and then bow to each person one by one according to their seniority. The elders also showed humility and entertained them with food and wine. Lunch consisted of seven plates and eight bowls, a hearty hot pot, and Shaohuang wine.

On the New Year’s Eve, the whole family reunited, laughed and spent a good night together. At midnight, the radio stations and TV stations rang the New Year bells, and the firecrackers exploded, deafening. In the early morning, pay homage to ancestors and bow to the elderly. The adult doll is beaming with joy. From the first to the third day of junior high school, breakfast consists of long noodles and dumplings and wontons. Lunch with fat meat and wine is more sumptuous. There was an endless stream of people visiting relatives and friends, and there was a civilized, peaceful and warm atmosphere everywhere.

Lantern Festival

The Lantern Festival is held on the 15th day of the first lunar month, also called the "Festival of Lanterns". Celebrate the Lantern Festival and play with lanterns. There is a folk saying that "the first day of junior high school is the fifth day of junior high school". Folks steam flower buns and make various images according to the twelve zodiac animals to worship the gods and "watch the lanterns". The newlywed's natal family, the fiancée's husband's family, and the baby's uncle's family must send lanterns and steamed buns in advance. The new daughter-in-law goes back to her parents' house to "hide from the lights". There is also the custom of young wives "stealing" calf buns in order to give birth to children early. People pay attention to eating jelly at night, and they also have the habit of eating Yuanxiao. Every year from the 14th to the 16th day of the first lunar month, red lanterns are hung in every household every night, and children play with lanterns. Lantern Festival Lantern Festival is held in the county and market towns, with balloons and ribbons soaring into the sky, dazzling people.

At night, lantern screens are lit, fireworks are set off, lantern riddles are guessed, and social fires and drama performances are held. On the 16th, people travel around and enjoy themselves, which is called "traveling to cure diseases", hoping to get rid of diseases and prolong life, and make the old and young happy.

Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of May, also known as Duanyang, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". It has been passed down from generation to generation and the people attach great importance to it. Get up early at dawn and sweep away the dust. Collect mugwort and hang it on the lintel. The child's hair is moistened with dew, mugwort leaves are tied on his head, and a sachet is tied on his chest, which is commonly known as "purse" and shows off. Apply realgar to your nose and ear holes to avoid plague and repel insects. For breakfast, eat rice dumplings, oil cakes, mung bean cakes and mugwort-shaped steamed buns made at night. For lunch, they eat stir-fried vegetables, hold a banquet, drink realgar wine, and relatives and neighbors present each other with rice dumplings and mugwort steamed buns. When getting married, the man must give gifts to the woman, which is called "chasing festivals." Women and children tie five-color "flower ropes" on their wrists, wear flower shoes, and wrap their bellies with flowers. Men, women, old and young all wear purses with novel shapes. Brothers, sisters and unmarried partners give purses to each other to express their friendship.

New Year's Eve

The night of the last day of the twelfth lunar month is called New Year's Eve. On that day, we clean the house thoroughly, paste the window panes, put up window grilles, prepare incense candles, firecrackers, and put up couplets (commonly known as pairs), door gods (Qin Qiong, Jingde) and New Year pictures. Post "Spring Returns to the Earth" inside the hospital, "Go out to see happiness" on the outside of the door, "No Diseases" on the Kang wall, and "Full Life", "Fruit Grain", "Dragon and Phoenix Presents Good Luck", and "Qilin Send" are posted indoors. Son" etc. In the morning, I cooked meat, stir-fried vegetables, made noodles, and was busy preparing meals for the New Year's Day. In the afternoon, parents take their children and grandchildren to the graves to worship their ancestors. Anyone who has died within three years must have his spirit seal a memorial tablet and place it in the main hall. At night, a red light is hung in front of the door and a fire is simmering. The whole family, young and old, gathered happily to "eat New Year's dinner". The elders give "New Year's money" to the younger ones, and the younger ones kowtow to the elders to bless them. On the 30th night of New Year's Eve, "Sitting Night", the whole family gathered together, talked and laughed, and watched the Spring Festival Gala with great interest.

Social customs

Marriage

Before marriage, a man and a woman are introduced by relatives and friends to propose marriage or fall in love freely. After a period of contact and both parties have no objections, the engagement formalities can be completed. . When getting engaged, the man invites relatives and friends to hold a banquet. The woman and her relatives go to the man's home to receive the clothes and betrothal gifts from the man, which is called "huiqin". After the engagement, every Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Spring Festival, the man's relatives will go to the woman's home to give gifts, which is called "chasing festivals". After the marriage relationship is established, the man and woman often communicate with each other, and their relationship becomes deeper and deeper. Before getting married, both men and women must register their marriage and receive a marriage certificate. The parents of both parties determine the wedding date. The day before the wedding, the girl's family will host a banquet for guests. On the day of the wedding, couplets and red cloth are pasted at the groom's home. The door is full of joy, a tent is set up, pigs and sheep are slaughtered, and a banquet is held to entertain the guests. After the bride enters the door, a wedding ceremony is held, the marriage certificate is read out, the witnesses speak, and the bride and groom enter the bridal chamber. Old and new customs are mixed together. During the banquet, the bride offers cigarettes, wine and candies. And prepare a gift to thank the matchmaker, which is commonly known as thanking "Hongye". On the night of flowers and candles in the bridal chamber, happiness is popular, and making noise in the bridal chamber is commonly known as "playing in the bridal chamber". The bride and groom introduced their love story, sang, danced and played tricks. Three days after the wedding, the newlyweds bring cakes and candies to the bride's house to meet her father-in-law and mother-in-law. They will be warmly entertained. Returning on the same day is called "returning home." 7-12 days after the marriage, the bride returns to her parents' home to live for an equal number of days, which is called "Tian Ten". One month each time between returning to your mother-in-law's house and then back to your mother's house is called "flying to the moon".

Fertility

On the second or third day of the month when her daughter was due to give birth, the woman’s mother brought a big pot helmet and a baby’s belly to her daughter’s home, put the big cake on the lid of the pot, and punched it with her fist. To break it, throw the wrapped belly through the window of the daughter's residence, then go into the house and press the wrapped belly on the bottom of the mat, which is called "beating the pot" to ensure smooth delivery and the safety of mother and child. Three days after delivery, the mother-in-law's family brings raw noodles to visit her daughter's home, commonly known as "breastfeeding"; 10-20 days after delivery, close relatives and friends of the mother-in-law's family visit the mother and baby, bringing pancakes, eggs, dried noodles, red tang and clothes to wish them well. Great and safe. One month after the baby is born, there is a "full (mi) month". On the day of the full moon, sumptuous meals are prepared, relatives and friends come to congratulate the baby, and the baby's uncle's family gives gifts of sheets, children's clothes, strollers, and clothes. Relatives and friends generally give gifts of fabrics, children's clothing, toys, etc.

During the luncheon, the baby's parents and grandparents were taken advantage of by smearing black and red colors on their faces, chasing and playing, and everyone was happy.

Funeral

After a person dies, the family usually asks Mr. Yin and Yang to look at the Feng Shui and hook points, and then "Sheng Lian", choose a day to hold a memorial ceremony, and those who participate in the memorial ceremony will send gifts (steamed buns) ), wreaths, candles, elegiac couplets, plaques, filial piety tents, etc. There are portraits of the deceased in the mourning hall, where various kinds of food can be offered. A filial son wears a filial piety hat, filial piety clothes, and white shoes. Relatives and friends wear black gauze, black sleeves and white paper flowers. Hospitality is subject to family circumstances. Blood bar soup in the morning, meat and rice wine at noon. The next morning before burial, soup and vegetables were served together, which was called "the wind stirs up the snow". In addition to the eight-carrying sedan chair, tractors and cars are also popular for escorting the coffin. The coffin is carried out in a majestic manner, with mournful sounds and drums and music, and the mood is desolate. After the burial, take the spirit tablet back and worship it at home. Changwu folk custom taboos the word "death". The deceased is called "die" when he is old, "die" when he is in his prime, "shang" when he is young, and "hang" when he is young. Those over 50 are called "old people mourning", and those over 70 are called "die-in". Funerals are more grand. Small mouths rarely die or die abnormally, and most are buried immediately. When an unmarried man or woman dies, there is no coffin. They nail "four walls" or wrap it with straw. The tomb is not darkened, and the clothes are not buttoned. They are buried prone. If two people die within a hundred days, it is considered a grave mourning. The coffin cannot go out of the door, and the wall is usually broken. Or they could be buried in a coffin hung from the back of the cliff. About the festival customs of Shaanxi

The following are some of the customs of Shaanxi

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Spring Festival: According to historical records, in the Qin Dynasty, October 1st of the lunar calendar was the year of the year. First of all, the Taichu calendar was changed to the Taichu calendar during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, the first day of the first lunar month was the beginning of the year. The custom of "celebrating the New Year on the first day of the first lunar month" has continued from the Han Dynasty to the present.

Lantern Festival: It also originated from the Han Dynasty, when it was called Shangyuan Festival. According to historical records such as "Book of Han·Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty", every fifteenth day of the first lunar month, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty would send people to worship Taiyi God with lanterns. The site of the sacrifice still remains in Ganquan Palace (today's Chunhua County). The Lantern Festival became very popular in the Tang Dynasty. People went out to watch the lanterns and play with social fires, which was very lively.

Qingming Festival: People in the Han Dynasty had such a custom. Every year in the early third month of the lunar calendar, people in Chang'an City would go to the Bahe River to bathe. This was called the "Shangsi Festival" at the time. In the Tang Dynasty, the "Shangsi Festival" merged with the "Cold Food Festival" originated in Jiexiu, Shanxi Province, and became today's Qingming Festival. According to the "New Book of Tang Dynasty", the major activity of Qingming Festival is tomb sweeping, which can be seen from the country's implementation of "ruling the country with filial piety".

Chinese Valentine's Day: Chang'an is the birthplace of Chinese Valentine's Day. The stone statue of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl in Doumen Nanfeng Village, Chang'an District is one of the earliest existing large-scale stone sculptures in my country. The Qixi Festival begging activity originated in the Western Han Dynasty. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it had become an important festival in the country. This has been concluded by historians.

Mid-Autumn Festival: According to historical records, the Mid-Autumn Festival originated in the Han Dynasty. At that time, people had the custom of worshiping and appreciating the moon. By the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, this folk festival became even more prosperous. According to research, Tang Xuanzong's birthday was on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. To celebrate the emperor's birthday, this day was called the "Qianqiu Festival" in the court, and large-scale singing and dancing activities were held. Later, the folk "Mid-Autumn Festival" and the palace's "Qianqiu Festival" influenced each other and blended with each other. Many activities in the "Qianqiu Festival" spread to the people, making the Mid-Autumn Festival more lively. Eating mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival was already very popular at that time. Many famous poems by poets in the Tang Dynasty were related to the Mid-Autumn Festival moon appreciation. Customs of the Dragon Boat Festival in Shaanxi

Eating rice dumplings on the Dragon Boat Festival

Eating rice dumplings on the Dragon Boat Festival is another traditional custom of the Chinese people. Zongzi, also called "corner millet" and "tube rice dumpling". It has a long history and has many variations.

According to records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, rice was wrapped in wild rice leaves (wild rice leaves) into the shape of horns, called "horn millet"; rice was packed in bamboo tubes, sealed and roasted, called "tube rice dumplings". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, millet was soaked in plant ash water. Because the water contained alkali, the millet was wrapped in wild rice leaves into a square shape and cooked to become Guangdong alkaline rice dumplings.

In the Jin Dynasty, rice dumplings were officially designated as the Dragon Boat Festival food. At this time, in addition to glutinous rice, the raw materials for making rice dumplings were also added with the traditional Chinese medicine Yizhiren. The cooked rice dumplings were called "Yizhizong".

Zhou Chu's "Yueyang Fengtu Ji" records: "It is customary to wrap millet with wild rice leaves,...boil it, combine it thoroughly, and eat it from May 5th to the summer solstice. It is called rice dumplings and millet." During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Zongzi appeared. Rice is adulterated with animal meat, chestnuts, red dates, adzuki beans, etc., and the varieties are increasing. Zongzi is also used as a gift for social interactions.

By the Tang Dynasty, the rice used for rice dumplings had become "as white as jade", and its shape appeared cone-shaped and rhombus-shaped. "Datang Zongzi" is recorded in Japanese literature. In the Song Dynasty, there was already "preserved rice dumplings", that is, rice dumplings with fruits. The poet Su Dongpo once wrote a poem: "Sometimes I see bayberry in rice dumplings." At this time, there were also advertisements using rice dumplings to build pavilions and pavilions, wooden carts and horses, indicating that eating rice dumplings had become fashionable in the Song Dynasty. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the wrapping material of Zongzi changed from wild rice leaves to Ruo leaves. Later, Zongzi wrapped in reed leaves appeared. The additional ingredients include bean paste, pork, pine nuts, dates, walnuts, etc., and the varieties became more colorful.

To this day, every year in early May, Chinese people soak glutinous rice, wash rice dumpling leaves, and make rice dumplings, with more varieties of colors. In terms of fillings, Beijing jujube rice dumplings mostly contain jujubes in the north; in the south, there are various fillings such as bean paste, fresh meat, ham, and egg yolks, among which Jiaxing rice dumplings in Zhejiang are the representative ones. The custom of eating rice dumplings has been popular in China for thousands of years and has spread to North Korea, Japan and other Southeast Asian countries.

Wearing sachets:

Children wear sachets during the Dragon Boat Festival. Legend has it that they are meant to ward off evil spirits and repel plague. They are actually used to decorate their lapels. The sachet contains cinnabar, realgar, and fragrant medicine, and is wrapped with silk cloth, which overflows with fragrance. Five-color silk strings are then tied into ropes and made into various shapes, forming a string, all shapes are beautiful, exquisite and cute.

Hanging moxa leaves and calamus:

Folk proverb says: "Put willows during the Qingming Festival and moxa during the Dragon Boat Festival." During the Dragon Boat Festival, people regard planting mugwort and calamus as one of the important contents. Every family sweeps the courtyard, inserts calamus and moxa sticks in the eyebrows of the door, and hangs them in the hall. They also use calamus, mugwort leaves, pomegranate flowers, garlic, and dragon boat flowers to make human or tiger shapes, which are called mugwort people and mugwort tigers. They are also made into garlands and ornaments, which are beautiful and fragrant. Women rush to wear them to drive away miasma.

Ai, also known as mugwort and mugwort. Its stems and leaves contain volatile aromatic oils. The peculiar aroma it produces can repel mosquitoes, flies, insects and ants, and purify the air. In traditional Chinese medicine, moxa moxa is used as medicine to regulate qi and blood, warm the uterus, and remove cold and dampness. The moxa leaves are processed into "moxa velvet", which is an important medicinal material for moxibustion treatment.

Calamus is a perennial aquatic herb. Its long and narrow leaves also contain volatile aromatic oil, which is a medicine for refreshing the mind, strengthening the bones, eliminating stagnation, and killing insects and bacteria.

It can be seen that the ancients planted moxa and calamus to prevent diseases to a certain extent. The Dragon Boat Festival is also a "health festival" passed down from ancient times. On this day, people sweep the courtyard, hang mugwort branches, hanging calamus, sprinkle realgar water, and drink realgar wine to stimulate turbidity, remove decay, and kill bacteria and prevent diseases. These activities also reflect the fine traditions of the Chinese nation. Going to the mountains to collect herbs during the Dragon Boat Festival is a common custom among all ethnic groups in my country.