Historical background of the World Expo

The first real World Expo was held in 185 1 year in London, England. The Victorian era was the heyday of Britain. With the completion of the industrial revolution, Britain became the number one power in Europe. The expansion of colonialism made Britain claim to be an "imperishable empire". The great appeal brought by its strength enabled Britain to successfully hold this grand event.

A special committee led by Prince Albert designated the famous Hyde Park as the venue of the World Expo. The large exhibition hall built by bidding is 490 meters long, 1 17 meters wide and 33 meters high. The huge steel frame is completely covered by 8 1000 square meters of glass, which is magnificent. Later people called it "Crystal Palace".

The first World Expo opened in a warm atmosphere. In the exhibition area covering an area of 96,000 square meters, the total length of the exhibition table is about13km. During the 23-week exhibition, 6.3 million people visited it.

About18,000 businessmen exhibited about 654.38+million products they brought at the London World Expo. These exhibits include a 24-ton coal lump, a drill from the Indian port of A Jin and a specimen elephant, while steam engines, agricultural machinery and textile machinery show visitors the development of modern industry and the infinite imagination of human beings. The organizing committee awarded prizes to more than 5,000 exhibitors, including silk, cheongsam and tea presented by China.

The great success of the London World Expo is not only reflected in the 6.3 million visitors and the profit of 6.5438+0.86 million pounds, but more importantly, Britain gained a great reputation from it. The British people got two museums: Albert Museum and Kensington Science and Technology Museum, which laid the foundation for the exhibits of the two museums of the London World Expo, and this practice has also become a fine tradition of the future World Expo.

On May 1 day, the China 20 10 Shanghai World Expo opened on this day. Looking back at history, the World Expo witnessed the economic prosperity of some countries, and also pushed some countries out of the economic difficulties during the Great Depression.

World Expo London-Witness the Glory and Dream of Britain 1 851May1Day, the first World Expo (full name London International Industrial Products Expo) kicked off in London. The scene is so grand that even the well-informed Queen Victoria can't help but sigh: "I feel extremely excited. Looking around, what I see ... is so magical, so vast, so brilliant and so shocking."

Some historians believe that the London World Expo officially kicked off the Victorian era in Britain. This World Expo is the epitome of British glory and dreams. Behind the grand occasion lies the brilliant achievements of economic development and social change in Britain since the first industrial revolution.

19th century belongs to Britain. A series of major economic changes caused by the industrial revolution, especially the large-scale use of machinery and the progress of railway and steamboat construction, directly promoted the explosive development of British industry in the middle of the19th century, making it among the best in the world industrial production and world trade at that time.

At that time, Britain was a veritable "world factory", producing most of the industrial products needed by all countries in the world. In terms of foreign trade, Britain and its colonies account for nearly a quarter of the total world trade, almost equivalent to the sum of France, Germany and the United States, and the tonnage of merchant ships ranks first in the world. Driven by the huge productivity brought by the industrial revolution, Britain has become the most powerful country in the world.

However, the "world factory" needs a window to show the brilliant achievements of Britain after the industrial revolution while producing various products. Against this background, the first World Expo was held in London, the center of the world economy at that time, which was not only the record of British civilization, but also the prospect of the brilliant future of the world.

Chicago World Expo-Ending the Nightmare of the Great Depression 1933 The American economy is in a serious period of the Great Depression. Since the 1929 new york stock market crash, 5,500 banks in the United States have closed down, the domestic unemployment rate is as high as 25%, and house prices have plummeted.

The background of the Great Depression is also one of the reasons why the Chicago World Expo attracted the attention of later generations, and the financing difficulties at that time were undoubtedly a true portrayal of the American economy during the crisis. The organizing committee can't spend as much money as in previous World Expos, and fundraising was once in trouble. But it also gave birth to innovation, that is, issuing Expo bonds and signing sponsorship agreements with 15 suppliers in food, transportation, entertainment and other industries.

Although it was held during the economic crisis, the Chicago World Expo was wonderful. In the 1920s, the United States had completed the industrial revolution and was already the richest country in the world. The Chicago World Expo witnessed the international leading position of the American economy and pushed it from depression to recovery.

Under the theme of "progress in a century", the oil refinery, electric tractor, toothpaste production line and bread production line all moved to the site. Ford's automobile production line was also exhibited for the first time, which opened the curtain for the United States as a "country on wheels".

Since 1935, almost all economic indicators in the United States have been developing steadily. The Chicago World Expo has played a positive role in boosting the American economy from crisis to a new round of prosperity, accelerating the spread of American-led modernization around the world, and becoming one of many historical elements for the United States to further integrate into and dominate the future international order.

Osaka World Expo-Announcing Japan's Re-Rise 1970 When Osaka World Expo opened, Japan had experienced rapid economic development in the 1950s and 1960s after the war. In the past 20 years, Japan, as an emerging world economic power, rose from the ruins of World War II and became the first Asian country to host the World Expo.

Historians believe that the Osaka World Expo in 1970, together with the Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964, announced Japan's re-emergence after the war. In particular, the Osaka World Expo has played a great role in changing the "defeated mentality" of Japanese nationals and promoting Japan's economic integration into the world.

The Osaka World Expo coincides with Japan's rapid economic development and has just become the second economic power in the world after the United States.

1970 Osaka World Expo was not only the earliest Expo in Asia, but also the most outstanding and successful event in the world at that time, and it still has influence today. The number of visitors reached more than 64.2 million, setting a record for the World Expo at that time.

The Japanese government has invested heavily in public facilities to host the Osaka World Expo. Especially in transportation, the government rebuilt the high-speed railway line from Tokyo to Osaka, expanded the airport, and built dozens of kilometers of railways from the city center to the Expo site.

This World Expo has greatly promoted the formation of Kansai urban agglomeration with Osaka as the center, which is of great positive significance to Japan's economic development and layout.

Expo Hanover-Stimulating the Potential of Business District In 2000, the number of visitors to Expo Hanover in Germany reached 6.5438+0.5 million on the first day. The Expo has created 30,000 jobs for Germany, improved the investment environment, promoted consumer demand, improved infrastructure such as municipal construction and transportation in the host city, and enhanced Germany's reputation and image in the world.

Facts have proved that these projects put into World Expo services have expanded Hanover's potential as a business district, thus enhancing the attractiveness of urban and regional business activities. This impetus still exists even after the World Expo, which led to the birth of a large number of magnificent commercial and trade buildings from 200/kloc-0 to 2002.

The current international financial crisis is a critical period for countries to reflect on the crisis, reshape their development models and seek sustainable recovery of the world economy. Shanghai World Expo draws lessons from the successful cases of previous world expositions, and holds that its successful hosting will have a long-term positive impact on the world economic structure, the infrastructure of small cities, the economic development of surrounding areas, and the improvement of human settlements.

The first World Expo opened in London, England on May 185 1. At that time, Queen Victoria initiated the tradition of inviting countries to participate in the exhibition through diplomatic channels. This year's Expo * * * has 65,438+00 countries participating in the exhibition, 65,438+0,665,438+0 days, attracting 6.3 million visitors. The Expo is held by the state and invited by the head of state. Its significance shows that this is a government act. In order to host the World Expo, a transparent glass building with a length of 1 0,700 feet, a height of 1 0,000 feet and an area of 96,000 square meters was built in Hyde Park, London. The building used 5,000 steel columns and 300,000 pieces of glass, which changed the heavy style of Victorian stone buildings with the technology and strength of the whole British industry. It was novel and unique, and was called the "Crystal Palace". During the Expo, technical products such as engines, hydraulic presses and textile machinery attracted the greatest attention of visitors.

This World Expo is not only a "dazzling and colorful" display, but also a pioneer of free trade in the next few decades, which indicates the arrival of the era of industrialized production to mankind. All the exhibits represent the development of modern industry and the infinite imagination of human beings. Crystal Palace Expo has become a great driving force for scientific progress in the 20th century. Its success makes the future World Expo as grand as the Olympic Games on a global scale, so the World Expo is known as "the Olympic Games of economy, science and technology and culture".

2. Why do Europe and America play a leading role in the development of world exhibitions?

European and American exhibitions developed early and have a long history. Now we can discuss that they are in an advantageous position from the perspectives of quantity, quality, popularity and influence.

3. What is a meeting? How does ICCA plan the scope of international conferences?

A meeting is an activity where people get together to discuss and communicate in order to solve a problem or for different purposes. It is often accompanied by a certain scale of personnel flow and consumption. As an important part of the convention and exhibition industry, large-scale conferences, especially international conferences, play a special role in enhancing the city image, promoting municipal construction and creating economic benefits. However, at present, there is a misunderstanding in domestic academic and industrial circles, that is, when people mention the exhibition economy, they often ignore the importance of meetings, or think that meetings are not as important as exhibitions.

The so-called meeting refers to the activities that people exchange information, get together and discuss around a common theme with the same or different purposes. The main stakeholders of the conference are organizers, contractors and participants (sometimes speakers). Their main content is to exchange ideas or information among participants.

Modern meetings have already surpassed the single mode of government meetings and are developing in a diversified direction. Many of them have direct commercial purposes and can produce huge economic benefits, such as various summit forums and expert training meetings. The general operation principle of the conference is: the conference organizer makes a conference plan and entrusts it to the organizer, which can be a professional conference organizer, namely PCO, corporate conference and incentive tourism department, etc. ) will be carefully designed around the established theme and contact the buyers of the meeting (that is, the target participants) and relevant personnel (such as government officials, speakers, etc.). ) and the venue in the market, and finally take the meeting yourself or subcontract the business to the conference company.

According to the International Conference Association (ICCA), the world's most authoritative conference industry association, there are many criteria for international conference market segmentation, including conference scale, types of participants, conference purposes and so on. For conference service providers, the main criterion for subdividing the international conference market is to classify according to the sponsors of the conference. According to this standard, ICCA divides international conferences into association conferences and company conferences.

First, the characteristics of the association conference market

According to ICCA's estimation, there are as many as 10000 meetings organized by various associations every year. The conference market of the association can be divided into three categories: scientific and technological conferences, business conferences and' family' conferences. The * * * features of the association meeting are:

* Almost every "specialty" has its own association and professional meeting, which may hold meetings to discuss all topics within its scope;

* Association generally holds regular meetings, such as annual meeting and biennial meeting;

* The meeting place (destination) of the association often changes, and generally it will not be held twice in a row in one place;

* Branches of associations are often sponsors of local association meetings. If it is difficult for a local branch to hold a meeting locally, the association meeting can be held elsewhere;

* The duration of the association meeting is generally 4-5 days, and some are 2-3 days, but generally it will not exceed 6 days;

* The instructive features are: the organizing committee of association meetings generally prefers to rent meeting places and corresponding facilities with less than 400 people, but generally does not like to choose places with more than 400 people (that is, conference centers) to hold meetings;

* Compared with corporate meetings, association meetings need more interruptible rooms;

* Only about 15% of association meetings need simultaneous interpretation facilities, and the proportion of corporate meetings using simultaneous interpretation facilities is even lower;

* The preparation time for association meetings is generally 2-3 years, and some even longer; Company meeting preparation time is generally less than 1 year;

* ICCA statistics show that the demand for exhibition venues for association meetings is increasing. The scale of trade show is getting bigger and bigger, and it is becoming an indispensable part of the conference. In addition, the organization of the activity plan has become more important. It is also a trend (PCO) to set up a permanent secretariat or a professional conference organizer.

* In terms of meeting decision-making, it is impossible for one person to have the decision-making power in all aspects of the association meeting;

* The destination of association meetings is generally determined by international institutions (such as board of directors, general meeting of members or special committees). Destinations are generally proposed by local branches. Therefore, the branches of the association are often the primary contact objects for conference service providers to undertake conference business;

* The meeting place and other facilities are decided by the committee hosting the meeting and the local branch of the association;

* The project committee is generally responsible for the arrangement of conference activities, which can be a subsidiary of the local organizing committee or an independent international organization. ICCA emphasizes that the leaders of local chapters of the association generally tend to decide the right to host meetings by seeking bids.

Second, the characteristics of the company conference market

Company meetings can be divided into three categories:

The first category is internal meetings, that is, meetings attended by employees of the company, among which the most important internal meetings include: sales meetings, technical meetings, training meetings, manager meetings and incentive meetings;

The second category is external meetings, which are held for the company's target market. Participants come from the company's external customers, including: dealer/distributor meetings, seminars, product exhibitions, exhibitions, incentive meetings, shareholders' meetings and product/press conferences.

The third is a meeting that takes into account both internal and external factors. Both employees and customers of the company attended the meeting. This kind of meeting mainly includes seminars and training meetings. Many company meetings are organized by specialized agencies within the company. ICCA believes that for the sake of confidentiality, corporate meetings tend to choose the same place and place to hold meetings compared with association meetings. Therefore, it is difficult to make a detailed summary of company meetings and their characteristics.

Third, the difference between company meetings and association meetings.

ICCA's statistical analysis of international association meetings and corporate meeting planners shows that the characteristics of corporate meeting market different from association meetings include:

* The sponsor is the company;

* people who attend meetings are often forced to go (because of the nature of their work);

* The company can determine the meeting place without considering the wishes of employees;

* The importance of conference promotion is not high;

* The company often organizes one-off activities;

* Company meeting preparation time is generally less than 1 year;

* Participants are generally company employees or external customers;

* The average size of company meetings is smaller than that of association meetings;

* The manager is the final decision maker in organizing company meetings. When necessary, the manager will also use employees as his assistants to organize meetings;

* Meeting organizers are more familiar with the target group); The agenda of the meeting;

* There are many sources of funds for company meetings;

* conference accounts are generally set in the company headquarters;

* different departments of the company organize their own departmental meetings;

* Due to the repetitive business, the company conference service provider will not disclose the relevant information of the company conference to the public;

* For the sake of confidentiality, companies are generally reluctant to publicly report the details of the meeting.

4. What is the general procedure for bidding for an international conference?

According to the relevant regulations, the bid for an international conference needs to be submitted to the foreign affairs department at the next higher level for approval six months in advance. According to the requirements of the provincial government and the Foreign Affairs Office of the province, the following detailed information must be provided to bid for the international conference:

1. The reason, purpose and content of the meeting; The exact time and place

2. What preliminary oral intentions did the organizer reach with relevant units at home and abroad?

3. Which countries' representatives will be invited to participate? Please provide the list of domestic and foreign representatives and the title of the paper.

4. Preliminary agenda, protocol arrangement and language of the meeting (on the preparatory group of the meeting)

5. What diplomatic or political sensitive issues may arise in the meeting and the scope of confidentiality?

6. Background of the meeting

7. Conference-related expenses:

Income: which units are subsidizing and how much money (written proof is required).

Expenditure: meals and accommodation during the meeting; Transportation and data costs; Travel expenses during the meeting; Fees for publishing papers after the meeting.

Colleges and universities undertaking international conferences should submit the above information to our bureau in electronic and written form six months before the conference, so as to obtain relevant approval documents in time.